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대법원 2020다224739

Wages Dispute (Samsung SDI Fixed Overtime Allowance Case)임금

Decided2021. 11. 11. Court대법원Partially reversed and remanded (employer prevailed on the main issue, with partial remand for further fact-finding)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case concerns whether the 'Fixed Overtime Allowance' (고정시간외수당), equivalent to 20% of the base salary and paid by Samsung SDI to its monthly-salaried employees, should be included in the calculation of 'ordinary wages' (통상임금). The Supreme Court of Korea held that this allowance was compensation for extended (overtime) work rather than for regular contractual work, and therefore should not be counted as part of the ordinary wages. However, the Court remanded the case in part, sending it back to the lower court for further review concerning certain employees.

Key takeaways
  • CaseSamsung SDI paid monthly-salaried employees a 'Fixed Overtime Allowance' equal to 20% of their base salary, and a dispute arose over whether this allowance should be included in the calculation of ordinary wages.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that the allowance was compensation for overtime work rather than regular work, and therefore did not qualify as part of the ordinary wage.
  • LessonFor a fixed overtime allowance to be excluded from ordinary wages, it must be clearly shown to compensate for overtime work, and the payment method and naming of such allowances must be administered consistently.
Issues
  • Whether a 'Fixed Overtime Allowance' equal to 20% of base salary qualifies as part of the 'ordinary wage' (통상임금)
  • What criteria should be used to determine whether an allowance constitutes compensation for an employee's regular contractual work when assessing ordinary wage status
  • Whether a valid 'comprehensive wage agreement' (포괄임금제 약정) was formed, and what standard applies in making that determination
Key reasoning

The Court found that the Fixed Overtime Allowance was not paid as consideration for an employee's regular, contractually defined work hours, but rather as compensation for overtime work performed beyond those hours. In reaching this conclusion, the Court considered several factors: the differing payment structures between monthly-salaried and hourly-paid workers, the historical changes in how the allowance was named and administered, and the company's subsequent revisions to the allowance system following guidance from the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Based on the totality of these circumstances, the Court concluded that the allowance did not qualify as an ordinary wage. Nevertheless, because certain factual issues regarding specific groups of employees required further examination, the Court remanded those portions of the case for retrial.

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,430 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 1 other (Attorney Kim Ik-hwan, counsel for the plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellant] Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (Attorneys Jang Sang-gyun and 4 others of Bae, Kim & Lee LLC (Yulchon LLC) (Peace & Pacific), counsel for the defendant)

[Note: The Korean text states "법무법인(유한) 태평양" which is Yulchon's predecessor name; the firm name should be rendered as "Bae, Kim & Lee LLC" — however, to remain faithful, it is more accurate to translate as "Law Firm (LLC) Taepyeong (Bae, Kim & Lee)".]

[Lower Court Judgment] Busan High Court Judgment 2018Na58007, decided February 19, 2020

[Order]

The part of the lower court's judgment concerning Plaintiff 2 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Busan High Court. The Defendant's appeal against Plaintiff 1 is dismissed. The costs of the appeal with respect to Plaintiff 1 shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal (including the supplementary brief on grounds of appeal submitted after the expiration of the period for submitting the grounds of appeal, to the extent it supplements the grounds of appeal) are examined.

1. As to Ground of Appeal No. 1
A. As to the part concerning Plaintiff 2
1) Whether a certain wage falls under ordinary wages should be determined based on its objective nature, that is, whether it is money or goods paid to an employee as consideration for prescribed work (소정근로) and is paid regularly, uniformly, and in a fixed manner. "Consideration for prescribed work" means money or goods that the employer and employee agree to pay for the work that the employee has agreed to ordinarily provide during the prescribed working hours. Wages additionally paid by the employer because the employee provided work in excess of the prescribed working hours, or because the employee specially provided work other than that agreed to be provided under the employment contract, or wages paid without relation to work during the prescribed working hours, cannot be considered consideration for prescribed work, and therefore do not fall under ordinary wages. What constitutes consideration for prescribed work must be determined comprehensively based on how the employer and employee evaluated the value of the work that the employee agreed to ordinarily provide during the prescribed working hours and how much money or goods they agreed to pay therefor (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 2012Da89399, decided December 18, 2013).

2) According to the reasoning of the lower court's judgment and the record, the following facts can be known.

A) From before 1980 until around March 1994, the Defendant paid to monthly-salaried employees, such as office workers, "an allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" under the name of "overtime allowance," in addition to the base pay, without separately paying statutory allowances for weekday overtime and night work, whereas to hourly-paid employees, the Defendant did not pay the aforementioned "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay," but instead paid statutory allowances calculated according to the actual hours of weekday overtime and night work.

B) After the early-commute-and-leave system was implemented at the Samsung Group level, from April 1994 the Defendant began to pay hourly-paid employees, under the name "self-development expenses," the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" that had previously been paid only to monthly-salaried employees, and around that time, the name of the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" that had been paid to monthly-salaried employees was also changed to "self-development expenses." During the period when the early-commute-and-leave system was in effect, hourly-paid employees were paid statutory allowances calculated according to their actual weekday overtime and night work hours, separately from the "self-development expenses." The early-commute-and-leave system was abolished around February 2002.

C) The above "self-development expenses" were renamed, effective March 1, 2005, to "overtime allowance" for monthly-salaried employees and to "overtime allowance II" for hourly-paid employees, respectively, in order to clarify the compensation system for overtime work of office workers, which had been pointed out as an issue in the special labor inspection conducted by the Ministry of Labor around September 2004.

D) Thereafter, from around March 2006, the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" that had been paid to all hourly-paid employees under the name "overtime allowance II" was absorbed into the base pay, but from around March 2011, it was again excluded from the base pay for hourly-paid employees under the annual salary system, and around that time, the name of the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" was changed to "fixed overtime allowance," without distinction between monthly-salaried and hourly-paid employees (hereinafter, the fixed overtime allowance paid to monthly-salaried employees is referred to as the "fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case").

E) Meanwhile, the Defendant's Rules of Employment, as amended in 2013, contain a provision to the effect that, with respect to the method of paying the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case, for newly hired employees, mid-term hires, and reinstated employees, the amount shall be calculated on a daily pro-rata basis in proportion to the number of working days from the date of appointment, and for employees on sick leave, employees on leave of absence, and retirees, the amount shall be calculated on a daily pro-rata basis up to the last working day. Also, the Defendant's "2013 Wage Standards" provide, with respect to the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case, that "48 wage-hours, 20% of base pay," corresponding to 32 hours per month of ordinary overtime work in excess of the prescribed monthly working hours (240 hours), shall be included in and paid as part of the monthly salary.

3) Examining the above facts and the following circumstances derivable therefrom in light of the legal principles set out above, it is difficult to view that the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case was paid as consideration for prescribed work.

A) It appears that, until around March 1994, the Defendant, unlike with hourly-paid employees, paid monthly-salaried employees an amount equivalent to 20% of the base pay as "overtime allowance" without separately calculating actual weekday overtime and night work hours. No material can be found in the record to suggest that the "overtime allowance" thus paid constituted consideration for the work that monthly-salaried employees agreed to ordinarily provide during their prescribed working hours.

B) Even though the name of the above "overtime allowance" was changed to "self-development expenses" during the period when the early-commute-and-leave system was in effect, and an allowance of the same name was also paid to hourly-paid employees, in light of the fact that, during the same period, hourly-paid employees were paid separate statutory allowances for weekday overtime and night work, it is difficult to conclude that the nature of the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay," which continued to be paid to monthly-salaried employees as before, was changed to that of consideration for prescribed work.

C) Rather, in light of the fact that, after the abolition of the early-commute-and-leave system, from March 1, 2005, the name of the above allowance was reverted from "self-development expenses" to "overtime allowance" for the purpose of clarifying the compensation system for overtime work of office workers, who appear to have generally been monthly-salaried employees, and that, between around March 2006 and around March 2011, the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" paid to hourly-paid employees was absorbed into the base pay, whereas the same allowance paid to monthly-salaried employees during the same period continued to be paid under the name "overtime allowance," it cannot be ruled out that, at least after the abolition of the early-commute-and-leave system, the "allowance equivalent to 20% of the base pay" was paid as consideration for work provided by monthly-salaried employees in excess of the prescribed weekday working hours. In particular, in light of the contents of the "2013 Wage Standards," there is also room to view that the Defendant paid monthly-salaried employees the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case by deeming 32 hours per month, corresponding to 20% of the prescribed working hours of 240 hours per month, as weekday overtime and night work hours, regardless of the actual weekday overtime and night work hours, and paid the allowance as consideration therefor.

D) The mere fact that the Defendant paid the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case to newly hired employees, retirees, etc. on a pro-rata basis cannot by itself lead to the conclusion that the allowance was paid as consideration for prescribed work.

4) Nevertheless, the lower court determined, for the reasons stated in its judgment alone, that the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case, paid by the Defendant to monthly-salaried employees of the Defendant, including Plaintiff 2, constituted ordinary wages as consideration for prescribed work. Such determination by the lower court is erroneous in that it misapprehended the legal principles concerning the requirement of consideration for prescribed work as an element of ordinary wages and failed to conduct the necessary examination, thereby affecting the judgment. The ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded with respect to the part concerning Plaintiff 2.

B. As to the part concerning Plaintiff 1
The Defendant also appealed with respect to the part of the lower court's judgment concerning Plaintiff 1. However, according to the reasoning of the lower court's judgment and the record, it can be known that Plaintiff 1 claimed the difference in statutory allowances for the period from September 2012 to July 2013, during which he worked as an hourly-paid employee, and that the Defendant, while acknowledging that the fixed overtime allowance paid to hourly-paid employees constitutes ordinary wages, argues that the "fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case," paid to monthly-salaried employees, does not constitute ordinary wages. Therefore, the lower court's error in finding that the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case constitutes ordinary wages cannot be deemed to have affected the outcome of the judgment with respect to the part concerning Plaintiff 1, and it cannot be said that the Defendant has stated grounds of appeal with respect to this part. Accordingly, the appeal with respect to this part is not accepted.

2. As to Ground of Appeal No. 2
Whether an agreement on a comprehensive wage system (포괄임금제) has been established—whereby, without predetermining the basic wage, the sum of various allowances is set as the monthly salary amount or daily wage, or the basic wage is set and a fixed amount is paid monthly as various allowances—must be determined specifically by comprehensively considering various circumstances, such as working hours, the form of work and the nature of the duties, the unit for calculating wages, the contents of collective agreements and rules of employment, and the actual practices at similar workplaces. Even if, in a particular case, overtime, night, and holiday work is naturally expected due to the form of work or the nature of the duties, where the collective agreement, rules of employment, wage regulations, etc. clearly divide and provide for the payment of overtime, night, and holiday work allowances, etc. as separate detailed items apart from the base pay, this does not constitute a comprehensive wage system, and the mere fact that there is an agreement in the collective agreement, etc. on overtime work hours exceeding a certain number of hours, or that the wage increase rate was determined based on an amount including allowances in the base pay, cannot readily lead to the hasty conclusion that there is an agreement on such a comprehensive wage system (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2008Da57852, decided December 10, 2009). Furthermore, in order to recognize that a comprehensive wage agreement has been established by implicit agreement, it is necessary not only that there be a substantive need therefor, such as where it is difficult to accurately calculate actual working hours due to the special nature of the form of work, or where a certain amount of overtime, night, or holiday work is expected, but also that, in light of all the circumstances, including working hours and the form or level of the wages set, it be objectively recognized that the employer and employee agreed not to pay any additional allowance beyond the fixed monthly salary amount or daily wage, or agreed not to pay a specific allowance (see Supreme Court Decision 2016Do1060, decided October 13, 2016).

The lower court determined, for the reasons stated in its judgment, that it is difficult to conclude that an agreement was reached between the Defendant and its monthly-salaried employees to receive the fixed overtime allowance at issue in this case as a comprehensive wage in lieu of weekday overtime and night work allowances, and that it is also insufficient to recognize that such an agreement was reached implicitly. Examining the reasoning of the lower court's judgment in light of the legal principles set out above and the record, there is no error in the lower court's determination, such as violating the principle of logic and experience and exceeding the limits of free evaluation of evidence, or misapprehending the legal principles concerning comprehensive wage agreements, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Conclusion
Therefore, the part of the lower court's judgment concerning Plaintiff 2 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further examination and determination; the Defendant's appeal against Plaintiff 1 is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal with respect to Plaintiff 1 shall be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the participating Justices.

Justice Kim Jae-hyung (Presiding Justice), Justice Noh Jeong-hee, Justice Lee Heung-gu (Justice in charge)

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

[2] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제56조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

[3] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조 제1항, 제17조, 제56조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결(공2014상, 236) / [3] 대법원 2009. 12. 10. 선고 2008다57852 판결, 대법원 2016. 10. 13. 선고 2016도1060 판결(공2016하, 1722)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,184자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 1 외 1인 (소송대리인 변호사 김익환)

【피고, 상고인】 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 (소송대리인 법무법인(유한) 태평양 담당변호사 장상균 외 4인)

【원심판결】 부산고법 2020. 2. 19. 선고 2018나58007 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 원고 2에 대한 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다. 피고의 원고 1에 대한 상고를 기각한다. 원고 1에 대한 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유(상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 후에 제출된 상고이유보충서의 기재는 상고이유를 보충하는 범위에서)를 판단한다.

1. 상고이유 제1점에 관하여

가. 원고 2에 대한 부분

1) 어떠한 임금이 통상임금에 속하는지 여부는 그 임금이 소정근로의 대가로 근로자에게 지급되는 금품으로서 정기적·일률적·고정적으로 지급되는 것인지를 기준으로 그 객관적인 성질에 따라 판단하여야 한다. 소정근로의 대가라 함은 근로자가 소정근로시간에 통상적으로 제공하기로 정한 근로에 관하여 사용자와 근로자가 지급하기로 약정한 금품을 말한다. 근로자가 소정근로시간을 초과하여 근로를 제공하거나 근로계약에서 제공하기로 정한 근로 외의 근로를 특별히 제공함으로써 사용자로부터 추가로 지급받는 임금이나 소정근로시간의 근로와는 관련 없이 지급받는 임금은 소정근로의 대가라 할 수 없으므로 통상임금에 속하지 아니한다. 소정근로의 대가가 무엇인지는 근로자와 사용자가 소정근로시간에 통상적으로 제공하기로 정한 근로자의 근로의 가치를 어떻게 평가하고 그에 대하여 얼마의 금품을 지급하기로 정하였는지를 기준으로 전체적으로 판단하여야 한다(대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결 참조).

2) 원심판결 이유와 기록에 의하면 다음 사실을 알 수 있다.

가) 피고는 1980년 이전부터 1994. 3.경까지 사무직 등으로 구성된 월급제 근로자들에게는 기본급 외에 ‘시간외수당’ 명목으로 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’을 지급하고 평일 연장·야간근로에 따른 법정수당은 별도로 지급하지 않은 반면, 시급제 근로자들에게는 위와 같은 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’은 지급하지 않고 실제 평일 연장·야간근로의 시간에 따라 산정한 법정수당을 지급하였다.

나) 피고는 삼성그룹 차원에서 조기출퇴근제가 시행된 이후 1994. 4.부터는 기존에 월급제 근로자들에게만 지급하던 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’을 시급제 근로자들에게도 ‘자기계발비’라는 명칭으로 지급하기 시작하였고, 그 무렵 월급제 근로자에게 지급되어 오던 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’의 명칭 역시 ‘자기계발비’로 변경하였다. 시급제 근로자들은 조기출퇴근제 시행기간 동안에도 ‘자기계발비’와 별도로 실제의 평일 연장·야간근로시간에 따라 산정한 법정수당을 지급받았다. 그리고 조기출퇴근제는 2002. 2.경 폐지되었다.

다) 위 ‘자기계발비’는 2004. 9.경 시행된 노동부 특별근로감독 결과 지적된 사무직의 잔업에 대한 보상제도의 명확화를 위하여 2005. 3. 1.부터 월급제 근로자들에 대하여는 ‘시간외수당’으로, 시급제 근로자들에 대하여는 ‘시간외수당Ⅱ’로 각각 그 명칭이 변경되었다.

라) 그 후 2006. 3.경부터 모든 시급제 근로자들에게 ‘시간외수당Ⅱ’ 명목으로 지급되던 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’이 기본급으로 흡수되었다가, 2011. 3.경부터 연봉제 시급제 근로자들에 대하여는 다시 기본급에서 제외되었고, 그 무렵부터 위 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’의 명칭은 월급제 근로자와 시급제 근로자의 구별 없이 모두 ‘고정시간외수당’으로 변경되었다(이하 월급제 근로자들에게 지급된 고정시간외수당을 ‘이 사건 고정시간외수당’이라고 한다).

마) 한편 2013년 개정된 피고의 취업규칙에는 이 사건 고정시간외수당의 지급방법에 대하여 신규채용자·중도입사자·복직자는 발령일부터 근무일수에 비례하여 일할 계산하고 병가자·휴직자·퇴직자는 근무일까지 일할 계산한다는 취지의 규정이 있다. 그리고 피고의 ‘2013년도 급여기준’에는 이 사건 고정시간외수당에 관하여 월 소정근로시간(240시간) 외 통상적 연장근로 월 32시간분에 해당하는 ‘임금시간 48시간, 기본급의 20%’를 월 급여에 포함하여 지급한다는 취지로 규정되어 있다.

3) 위 사실관계와 그로부터 알 수 있는 다음 사정들을 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 이 사건 고정시간외수당이 소정근로에 대한 대가로 지급된 것이라고 보기 어렵다.

가) 피고는 1994. 3.경 이전까지 시급제 근로자와 달리 월급제 근로자에게는 실제 평일 연장·야간근로시간을 별도로 산정하지 않은 채 기본급 20% 상당액을 ‘시간외수당’으로 지급한 것으로 보인다. 이와 같이 지급된 ‘시간외수당’이 월급제 근로자의 소정근로시간에 통상적으로 제공하기로 정한 근로의 대가라고 볼 만한 자료를 기록상 찾을 수 없다.

나) 조기출퇴근제 시행기간 동안 위 ‘시간외수당’의 명칭이 ‘자기계발비’로 변경되었으며 시급제 근로자에게도 같은 명칭의 수당이 지급되었다고 하더라도, 같은 기간 동안 시급제 근로자들에게는 평일 연장·야간근로에 대한 별도의 법정수당이 지급된 점 등에 비추어 보면 월급제 근로자들에게 종전과 마찬가지로 지급된 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’의 성격이 소정근로의 대가로 변경되었다고 단정하기 어렵다.

다) 오히려 조기출퇴근제 폐지 이후 2005. 3. 1.부터 대체로 월급제였다고 보이는 사무직 근로자들의 잔업에 대한 보상제도를 명확히 하려는 취지에서 다시 위 수당의 명칭이 ‘자기계발비’에서 ‘시간외수당’으로 환원된 점, 2006. 3.경부터 2011. 3.경까지 사이에는 시급제 근로자들에게 지급되던 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’이 기본급으로 흡수되었음에도 같은 기간 동안 월급제 근로자들에게 지급되던 같은 수당이 계속 ‘시간외수당’ 명목으로 지급되었던 점 등에 비추어 볼 때, 적어도 조기출퇴근제 폐지 이후에는 ‘기본급 20% 상당액의 수당’이 월급제 근로자들의 평일 소정근로시간을 초과하여 제공하는 근로에 대한 대가로서 지급되었을 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. 특히 ‘2013년 급여기준’의 내용에 비추어 볼 때, 피고가 월급제 근로자들에게 실제의 평일 연장·야간근로시간과 관계없이 소정근로시간 월 240시간을 기준으로 그 20%에 해당하는 월 32시간을 평일 연장·야간근로시간으로 간주하고 그에 대한 대가로서 이 사건 고정시간외수당을 지급하였을 여지도 있다.

라) 피고가 이 사건 고정시간외수당을 신규채용자·퇴직자 등에게 일할 계산하여 지급하였다는 등의 사정만으로 위 수당이 소정근로의 대가로서 지급되었다고 단정할 수도 없다.

4) 그런데도 원심은 판시와 같은 이유만으로 피고가 원고 2를 비롯한 피고의 월급제 근로자들에게 지급한 이 사건 고정시간외수당이 소정근로에 대한 대가로서 통상임금에 해당한다고 판단하였다. 이러한 원심의 판단에는 통상임금의 요건인 소정근로 대가성 등에 대한 법리를 오해하고 필요한 심리를 다하지 않음으로써 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다. 이를 지적하는 상고이유 주장은 원고 2에 대한 부분에 관하여 이유 있다.

나. 원고 1에 대한 부분

피고는 원심판결 중 원고 1에 대한 부분에 관하여도 상고하였다. 그러나 원심판결 이유 및 기록에 의하면 원고 1은 자신이 시급제 근로자로 근무한 기간인 2012. 9.부터 2013. 7.까지의 법정수당 차액을 청구한 사실, 피고는 시급제 근로자들에게 지급된 고정시간외수당이 통상임금에 해당한다는 점은 인정하면서 월급제 근로자들에게 지급된 ‘이 사건 고정시간외수당’이 통상임금이 아니라고 주장하고 있는 사실을 알 수 있다. 따라서 원심이 이 사건 고정시간외수당이 통상임금에 해당한다고 본 잘못은 원고 1에 대한 부분에 관하여는 판결 결과에 영향을 미쳤다고 볼 수 없으며, 피고가 이 부분에 관한 상고이유를 밝혔다고 볼 수도 없으므로, 이 부분에 관한 상고는 받아들이지 않는다.

2. 상고이유 제2점에 관하여

기본임금을 미리 산정하지 아니한 채 각종 수당을 합한 금액을 월 급여액이나 일당임금으로 정하거나 기본임금을 정하고 매월 일정액을 각종 수당으로 지급하는 내용의 포괄임금제에 관한 약정이 성립하였는지 여부는 근로시간, 근로형태와 업무의 성질, 임금 산정의 단위, 단체협약과 취업규칙의 내용, 동종 사업장의 실태 등 여러 사정을 전체적·종합적으로 고려하여 구체적으로 판단하여야 하며, 비록 개별 사안에서 근로형태나 업무의 성격상 연장·야간·휴일근로가 당연히 예상된다고 하더라도 기본급과는 별도로 연장·야간·휴일근로수당 등을 세부항목으로 명백히 나누어 지급하도록 단체협약이나 취업규칙, 급여규정 등에 정하고 있는 경우는 포괄임금제에 해당하지 아니하며, 단체협약 등에 일정 근로시간을 초과한 연장근로시간에 대한 합의가 있다거나 기본급에 수당을 포함한 금액을 기준으로 임금인상률을 정하였다는 사정 등을 들어 바로 위와 같은 포괄임금제에 관한 합의가 있다고 섣불리 단정할 수는 없다(대법원 2009. 12. 10. 선고 2008다57852 판결 등 참조). 또한 묵시적 합의에 의한 포괄임금약정이 성립하였다고 인정하기 위해서는, 근로형태의 특수성으로 인하여 실제 근로시간을 정확하게 산정하는 것이 곤란하거나 일정한 연장·야간·휴일근로가 예상되는 경우 등 실질적인 필요성이 인정될 뿐 아니라, 근로시간, 정하여진 임금의 형태나 수준 등 제반 사정에 비추어 사용자와 근로자 사이에 그 정액의 월급여액이나 일당임금 외에 추가로 어떠한 수당도 지급하지 않기로 하거나 특정한 수당을 지급하지 않기로 하는 합의가 있었다고 객관적으로 인정되는 경우이어야 할 것이다(대법원 2016. 10. 13. 선고 2016도1060 판결 참조).

원심은 판시와 같은 이유로, 피고의 월급제 근로자들과 피고 사이에 평일 연장·야간근로수당에 대한 포괄임금으로 이 사건 고정시간외수당을 지급받기로 하는 합의가 이루어졌다고 단정하기는 어려우며, 그러한 합의가 묵시적으로 이루어졌다고 인정하기에도 부족하다고 판단하였다. 원심판결 이유를 앞서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 논리와 경험의 법칙을 위반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나거나 포괄임금약정에 관한 법리를 오해하는 등의 잘못이 없다.

3. 결론

그러므로 원심판결 중 원고 2에 대한 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하며, 피고의 원고 1에 대한 상고를 기각하고, 원고 1에 대한 상고비용은 패소자가 부담하도록 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김재형(재판장) 노정희 이흥구(주심)

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