Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2014다41520

Wages (임금)임금

Decided2020. 01. 16. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

In a dispute over whether a bus company lawfully paid holiday allowance (휴일수당) only for working days exceeding 26 days per month (24 days in February) beyond the full-attendance threshold of 22 days, the Supreme Court examined the wage agreement (임금협정) and wage calculation table (임금산정표) together. The Court concluded that only the days exceeding 26 days (24 days in February) were designated as holidays, and accordingly dismissed the workers' claim for additional holiday work allowance.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A bus company paid holiday allowance only for working days exceeding 26 per month (24 in February), prompting workers to sue for additional holiday pay.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court reviewed the wage agreement and wage calculation table and ruled that designating only the days beyond 26 (24 in February) as holidays was lawful, finalizing a loss for the workers.
  • LessonLesson: The definition of 'holiday' should be clearly established by considering not just the wording of the collective agreement, but also its formation history, workplace practice, and actual wage payment methods.
Issues
  • The scope of days designated as holidays under the collective agreement
  • The standard for determining whether a given day qualifies as a holiday
  • Whether the employer was obligated to pay holiday work allowance for all working days exceeding the full-attendance threshold
Key reasoning

The Court held that whether a particular day is designated as a 'holiday' under a collective agreement (단체협약) must be determined by comprehensively considering the wording of the agreement, the circumstances of its formation, established practice, and the actual name and calculation method of wages paid. Applying this standard, the Court found that the wage agreement and wage calculation table, when read together, showed that the parties intended only the days exceeding 26 (24 in February) per month to qualify as holidays. Since the company had already paid holiday allowance for those excess days, there was no additional obligation to pay holiday work allowance for all days worked beyond the 22-day full-attendance requirement.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Under Article 56 of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before amendment by Act No. 15513 on March 20, 2018), holiday work for which holiday work allowance of at least 50/100 of ordinary wages must be paid additionally includes not only work on the weekly holiday prescribed under Article 55 of the same Act, but also work performed on a day designated as a holiday by a collective agreement, rules of employment, etc. Whether a day has been designated as a holiday must be determined by comprehensively considering the language of the holiday-related provisions in the collective agreement, rules of employment, etc., the circumstances leading to the establishment of such provisions, the regulatory framework and practices concerning working hours at the relevant workplace and in the same industry, and, where work was actually provided, the nominal designation and amount of wages actually paid and the method of calculating the amount paid.

[2] In a wage agreement concluded between Company A, which operates a passenger automobile transportation business, and its labor union, it was stipulated that “the monthly number of working days shall be 22 days of full attendance (20 days in February), and if the monthly number of working days exceeds 22 days, an allowance shall be paid according to the wage calculation table.” According to the wage calculation table, “holiday allowance” is paid where the monthly number of working days exceeds 26 days (24 days in February). Company A paid its employees, including B and others, weekly holiday allowance separately, and, as provided in the wage calculation table, paid “holiday allowance” only for days exceeding 26 working days (24 days in February) among the working days in excess of full attendance. B and others brought an action against Company A seeking payment of holiday work allowance for all working days in excess of full attendance. In this case, it was held that it is reasonable to view that, at Company A’s workplace, only the days exceeding 26 working days per month (24 days in February) among the working days in excess of full attendance were designated as “holidays,” and therefore the claim of B and others for holiday work allowance could not be accepted.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,289 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 15 others (Attorney Kang Ho-min, Law Firm Owol, for the plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellee] Donggeon Unsu Co., Ltd.
[Judgment Below] Daejeon District Court Decision 2013Na19241 decided June 3, 2014

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of appeal shall be borne by the plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

1. Determination on the grounds of appeal by Plaintiff 2, Plaintiff 3, Plaintiff 4, Plaintiff 5, Plaintiff 6, Plaintiff 7, Plaintiff 8, Plaintiff 9, Plaintiff 11, Plaintiff 12, Plaintiff 13, Plaintiff 15, and Plaintiff 16

A. Holiday work for which an additional payment of at least 50/100 of the ordinary wage must be paid as holiday work allowance pursuant to Article 56 of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before amendment by Act No. 15513 on March 20, 2018; hereinafter referred to as the "former Labor Standards Act") includes not only work performed on the weekly holiday (주휴일) set forth under Article 55 of the same Act, but also work performed on a day designated as a holiday by a collective agreement, rules of employment, or the like (see Supreme Court Decision 90Da14089 decided May 14, 1991). Whether a day has been designated as a holiday must be determined by comprehensively considering the wording of the holiday-related provisions of the collective agreement, rules of employment, or the like, the circumstances under which such provisions were established, the regulatory framework and practices concerning working hours in the relevant workplace and the same industry, the nominal designation and amount of wages actually paid where work was performed, and the method of calculating such payment amounts (see Supreme Court Decision 2016Da9704, 9711 decided August 14, 2019).

B. According to the reasoning of the judgment below and the record, the following facts may be found.

1) Article 2 (Form of Work and Working Hours), Paragraph 4 of the Wage Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "the instant Wage Agreement") concluded on June 30, 2011 between the Daejeon Metropolitan City Regional Bus Labor Union and the Daejeon Metropolitan City Bus Transport Business Association representing the Defendant provides that "the monthly number of working days shall be full attendance of 22 days (20 days for February)," and Article 6 (Extended, Night, and Holiday Work Allowances), Paragraph 1 thereof provides that "the above allowances shall be paid with an additional 50/100 applying the ordinary wage under Article 5 of the Wage Agreement, and where a morning-shift worker continues to work through the afternoon in a full-day shift, the number of working days shall be calculated as 2 days, and where the monthly number of working days exceeds 22 days, payment shall be made in accordance with the wage calculation table."

2) According to the wage calculation table attached to the instant Wage Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "the instant Wage Calculation Table"), for workers who worked in excess of full attendance, where the monthly number of working days is between 23 and 26 days (between 21 and 24 days for February), an "extended work allowance," etc. equivalent to 9 hours' worth calculated at the hourly wage with an additional 50%, is paid for each such day, whereas where the monthly number of working days exceeds 26 days (exceeds 24 days for February), "base pay" equivalent to 8 hours' worth of the hourly wage, "extended work allowance" equivalent to 1 hour's worth of the hourly wage with an additional 50%, and "holiday allowance" equivalent to 8 hours' worth at 50% of the hourly wage, etc., are each paid for each such day.

3) The plaintiffs and the defendant designated one day per week as the weekly holiday, and the plaintiffs did not work on the said weekly holiday. In addition to the weekly holiday allowance, the defendant paid the plaintiffs a "holiday allowance" equivalent to 50% of the base pay for 8 hours per day, but only for days in excess of the working days of 26 days (24 days for February) among the working days in excess of full attendance, as set forth in the instant Wage Calculation Table.

C. Based on the above facts, the court below determined, citing the following circumstances, that the plaintiffs' claims for holiday work allowance could not be accepted.

1) Since the instant Wage Calculation Table came to constitute part of the instant Wage Agreement by agreement between the parties, it is valid as part of the instant Wage Agreement.

2) It cannot be said that all working days after full attendance constitute holidays for which holiday work allowance must be paid.

3) Therefore, it cannot be held that the instant Wage Calculation Table, which provides for payment of holiday work allowance only where a worker has worked in excess of 26 days in months other than February and in excess of 24 days in February, violates Article 56 of the former Labor Standards Act.

D. Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the legal principles set forth above, although there is a partial error in the lower court's determination, it is reasonable to view that, at the defendant's workplace, only days in excess of the monthly working days of 26 days (24 days for February), among the working days in excess of full attendance, are designated as "holidays." Therefore, the lower court's conclusion rejecting the above plaintiffs' claims seeking payment of holiday work allowance for all working days in excess of full attendance is justified. There is no error in the judgment, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, resulting from a misunderstanding of the legal principles concerning holiday work allowance under the Labor Standards Act that affected the conclusion of the judgment.

2. As to the appeals by Plaintiff 1, Plaintiff 10, and Plaintiff 14

The said plaintiffs did not state grounds of appeal in their petition of appeal, nor did they submit a brief of grounds of appeal within the period for submission thereof.

3. Conclusion

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal shall be borne by the losing parties. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Cho Hee-dae (Presiding Justice), Kim Jae-hyeong, Min Yu-sook (Justice in charge), Lee Dong-won

【판결요지】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제56조에 따라 휴일근로수당으로 통상임금의 100분의 50 이상을 가산하여 지급하여야 하는 휴일근로에는 같은 법 제55조 소정의 주휴일 근로뿐만 아니라 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에 의하여 휴일로 정하여진 날의 근로도 포함된다. 그리고 휴일로 정하였는지는 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에 있는 휴일 관련 규정의 문언과 그러한 규정을 두게 된 경위, 해당 사업장과 동종 업계의 근로시간에 관한 규율 체계와 관행, 근로 제공이 이루어진 경우 실제로 지급된 임금의 명목과 지급금액, 지급액의 산정 방식 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단하여야 한다.

[2] 여객자동차운수업을 영위하는 甲 주식회사가 노동조합과 체결한 임금협정에서 ‘월 근로일수는 22일 만근(2월은 20일)으로 하고, 월간 근로일수가 22일을 초과할 경우 임금산정표에 의하여 수당을 지급한다’라고 정하였고, 임금산정표에 따르면 월간 근로일수가 26일을 초과(2월은 24일을 초과)하는 경우 ‘휴일수당’이 지급되는데, 甲 회사가 소속 근로자인 乙 등에게 주휴수당과 별도로 임금산정표에서 정한 바와 같이 만근 초과 근로일 중 근로일수 26일(2월은 24일)을 초과한 날에 대해서만 ‘휴일수당’을 지급하였고, 이에 乙 등이 甲 회사를 상대로 만근 초과 근로일 전부에 대한 휴일근로수당의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 甲 회사의 사업장에서는 만근 초과 근로일 중 월간 근로일수 26일(2월은 24일)을 초과한 날에 대해서만 ‘휴일’로 정하고 있다고 봄이 타당하므로, 乙 등의 휴일근로수당청구를 받아들일 수 없다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제55조, 제56조

[2] 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제55조, 제56조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 5. 14. 선고 90다14089 판결(공1991, 1617), 대법원 2019. 8. 14. 선고 2016다9704, 9711 판결(공2019하, 1713)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,313자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 15인 (소송대리인 법무법인 오월 담당변호사 강호민)

【피고, 피상고인】 동건운수 주식회사

【원심판결】 대전지법 2014. 6. 3. 선고 2013나19241 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고들이 부담한다.

【이 유】 1. 원고 2, 원고 3, 원고 4, 원고 5, 원고 6, 원고 7, 원고 8, 원고 9, 원고 11, 원고 12, 원고 13, 원고 15, 원고 16의 상고이유에 대한 판단

가. 구 근로기준법(2018. 3. 20. 법률 제15513호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 ‘구 근로기준법’이라 한다) 제56조에 따라 휴일근로수당으로 통상임금의 100분의 50 이상을 가산하여 지급하여야 하는 휴일근로에는 같은 법 제55조 소정의 주휴일 근로뿐만 아니라 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에 의하여 휴일로 정하여진 날의 근로도 포함된다(대법원 1991. 5. 14. 선고 90다14089 판결 참조). 그리고 휴일로 정하였는지 여부는 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에 있는 휴일 관련 규정의 문언과 그러한 규정을 두게 된 경위, 해당 사업장과 동종 업계의 근로시간에 관한 규율 체계와 관행, 근로 제공이 이루어진 경우 실제로 지급된 임금의 명목과 지급금액, 지급액의 산정 방식 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단하여야 한다(대법원 2019. 8. 14. 선고 2016다9704, 9711 판결 참조).

나. 원심판결 이유와 기록에 의하면 다음과 같은 사실을 알 수 있다.

1) 대전광역시지역버스노동조합과 피고를 대표한 대전광역시버스운송사업조합이 2011. 6. 30. 체결한 임금협정(이하 ‘이 사건 임금협정’이라고 한다) 제2조(근무형태 및 근로시간) 제4항은 “월 근로일수는 22일 만근(2월은 20일)으로 한다.”라고 정하고 있고, 제6조(연장, 야간, 휴일근로수당) 제1항은 “제 수당은 임금협정서 제5조 통상임금을 적용하여 100분의 50을 가산 지급하고 오전 근로자가 오후까지 계속하여 전일근무를 할 경우 근로일수는 2일로 산정하며, 월간 근로일수가 22일을 초과할 경우에 임금산정표에 의하여 지급한다.”라고 정하고 있다.

2) 이 사건 임금협정서에 첨부된 임금산정표(이하 ‘이 사건 임금산정표’라고 한다)에 따르면, 만근을 초과하여 일한 근로자들에게는 월간 근로일수가 23일 이상 26일 이하(2월은 21일 이상 24일 이하)인 경우에는 날마다 시급 기준 50%를 가산한 9시간분의 ‘연장수당’ 등이 지급되는 반면, 월간 근로일수가 26일을 초과(2월은 24일을 초과)하는 경우에는 날마다 시급의 8시간분에 해당하는 ‘기본급’, 시급 기준 50%를 가산한 1시간분의 ‘연장수당’, 시급 기준 50%에 해당하는 8시간분의 ‘휴일수당’ 등이 각 지급된다.

3) 원고들과 피고는 주 1일을 주휴일로 정하였고, 원고들은 위 주휴일에는 근로하지 않았다. 피고는 원고들에게 주휴수당과 별도로 이 사건 임금산정표에서 정한 바와 같이 만근 초과 근로일 중 근로일수 26일(2월은 24일)을 초과한 날에 대해서만 1일 8시간분 기본급의 50%에 해당하는 ‘휴일수당’을 지급하였다.

다. 원심은 위와 같은 사실을 전제로 아래와 같은 사정 등을 들어 원고들의 휴일근로수당청구를 받아들일 수 없다고 판단하였다.

1) 이 사건 임금산정표는 당사자 간 합의에 의하여 이 사건 임금협정의 일부를 구성하게 되었으므로, 이 사건 임금협정의 일부로서 효력이 있다.

2) 만근 이후의 모든 근로일이 휴일근로수당을 지급하여야 하는 휴일에 해당한다고 할 수 없다.

3) 따라서 2월을 제외한 나머지 달의 경우 26일, 2월의 경우 24일을 각 초과하여 근무한 경우에 한하여 휴일근로수당을 지급하기로 한 이 사건 임금산정표가 구 근로기준법 제56조에 위반한 것이라고 볼 수 없다.

라. 원심판결 이유를 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 판단에 일부 잘못이 있으나, 피고 사업장에서는 만근 초과 근로일 중 월간 근로일수 26일(2월은 24일)을 초과한 날에 대해서만 ‘휴일’로 정하고 있다고 봄이 타당하므로, 만근 초과 근로일 전부에 대한 휴일근로수당의 지급을 구하는 위 원고들의 청구를 배척한 원심의 결론은 정당하다. 거기에 상고이유 주장과 같이 근로기준법상 휴일근로수당에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 없다.

2. 원고 1, 원고 10, 원고 14의 상고에 대하여

위 원고들은 상고장에 상고이유를 기재하지 아니하였고, 상고이유서 제출기간 내에 상고이유서를 제출하지도 않았다.

3. 결론

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자들이 부담하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 조희대(재판장) 김재형 민유숙(주심) 이동원

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