[Defendant]
[Appellant] Defendant
[Defense Counsel] Attorney Ju Su-chang and 2 others
[Judgment Below] Seoul Criminal District Court Judgment 93No3476, rendered October 6, 1993
[Order]
The judgment below is reversed and the case is remanded to the Panel Division of the Seoul Criminal District Court.
[Reasoning]
The grounds of appeal are examined.
1. The facts charged in this case are that the Defendant, as the representative director of ○○ Corporation, an employer operating a taxi transportation business, suspended driver Lee Heon-ju from driving duty from July 10, 1991 to September 16 of the same year, on the ground that Lee Heon-ju had tampered with the taxi fare meter, without going through lawful disciplinary procedures, thereby inflicting punishment without just cause. The court below found the Defendant guilty of the above charge for the following reasons.
That is, according to the evidence cited, it is found that: Lee Heon-ju had applied in 1991 for a license to operate an individually-owned taxi business and was expected to obtain that license around August 20, 1991 and to retire from the company; from around May 1991, prior to his expected retirement date, his cash quota (sanapgeum) receipts increased considerably, and in particular, during the working period from July 1 to July 9, 1991, there were as many as five days on which there was no "empty running time" (time driven without a passenger) at all; the Defendant, upon judging that Lee Heon-ju had tampered with the meter as a means of increasing his cash quota receipts in order to raise his retirement allowance in anticipation of retirement, instructed the deputy head of the company's management department on July 9, 1991, without following disciplinary procedures, to stop assigning vehicles to Lee Heon-ju, and accordingly no vehicle was assigned to him until September 16 of that year; and at the time, under the company's collective agreement and rules of employment, the types of disciplinary action were dismissal, suspension from work, and warning, and disciplinary action was to be taken by resolution of a disciplinary committee. The court below held that, although there is room for suspicion that Lee Heon-ju may have tampered with the taxi meter as a means of raising his retirement allowance in anticipation of retirement as described above, in the absence of clear evidence thereof, the Defendant's act of instructing the suspension of vehicle assignment to Lee Heon-ju while disregarding the prescribed disciplinary procedures, thereby substantively imposing a suspension disposition on him, cannot be deemed a disciplinary action with justifiable grounds, and therefore the Defendant's act falls under Article 107 and Article 27(1) of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법).
2. However, there are aspects of the above determination by the court below that are difficult to accept.
Article 27(1) of the Labor Standards Act provides that "an employer shall not dismiss, suspend, lay off, transfer, reduce the wages of, or otherwise punish a worker without just cause," and Article 107 of the same Act prescribes penal provisions for violations thereof. Even where an employer imposes some punishment on a worker without following the prescribed procedures, such that the punishment cannot be recognized as valid, it is proper to interpret that, absent special circumstances such as the employer having intentionally disregarded the disciplinary procedures with the intent to impose an unjust punishment, the mere procedural defect alone does not immediately render the act subject to criminal punishment under the above penal provision; rather, criminal punishment is warranted only where, in addition, the punishment is found, in its substance, to constitute an abuse of the right to discipline or to exceed the scope thereof, and where this is evaluated as being punishable under generally accepted social norms.
Looking back at this case, according to the record, it can be recognized that: in light of Lee Heon-ju's cash quota performance and driving records, the Defendant recognized that Lee Heon-ju had tampered with the meter as a means of increasing his cash quota receipts in order to raise his retirement allowance in anticipation of retirement, and instructed the temporary suspension of vehicle assignment as described above until the suspicion regarding Lee Heon-ju was clarified (investigation record, page 26); and meanwhile, in accordance with the company's rules of employment (Article 12, Item 2), which required the company representative, in exercising personnel authority over employees, to immediately notify the labor union thereof, the Defendant notified the labor union of the content of the above measure (investigation record, page 94). Accordingly, there is room to view that the Defendant recognized the above vehicle-assignment suspension measure not as a disciplinary action but as part of a personnel measure. Under such factual circumstances, even if the vehicle-assignment suspension measure taken by the Defendant results, in effect, in bearing the character of a suspension from work, which is a type of disciplinary action, it cannot be concluded that the Defendant intentionally disregarded the prescribed disciplinary procedures with the intent to impose an unjust punishment. Furthermore, in light of the fact that it is technically not easy to confirm with certainty whether the meter was tampered with, it cannot be said that there is no room to view the measure as not exceeding, under generally accepted social norms, the scope of the employer's right to discipline exercised for the necessities of company management or the performance of business operations. Therefore, the court below should not have concluded, merely on the ground that there is no clear evidence that Lee Heon-ju tampered with the meter as stated in its judgment, that the Defendant's act as found is to be evaluated as punishable under generally accepted social norms and that a criminal offense is thereby established.
The court below should have examined these points further before determining whether the Defendant should be subject to criminal punishment.
The fact that the court below found the facts charged in this case to be guilty solely for the reasons stated in its judgment amounts to an error in the legal interpretation of the aforementioned penal provisions of the Labor Standards Act, and, as a result thereof, to an illegality of having failed to exhaust the examination of the case. The grounds of appeal are with merit.
3. Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below, this Judgment being rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.
Justice Kim Ju-han (Presiding Justice), Bae Man-woon, Kim Seok-su, Jeong Gwi-ho (Justice in charge)