Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2007두20157

Cancellation of Review Decision on Unfair Personnel Transfer (부당인사발령구제재심판정취소)부당인사발령구제재심판정취소

Decided2009. 04. 23. Court대법원Employer won — the personnel transfers (후선발령) were found to be a lawful exercise of the employer's personnel authority (인사권).
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A bank reassigned certain employees to back-office or lower-profile positions (후선발령) based on their length of service by job grade, as part of efforts to strengthen organizational competitiveness and reduce high-cost staffing structures. The central question was whether this constituted a legitimate exercise of the employer's personnel authority (인사권). The Supreme Court held that, because the reassignment criteria had been agreed upon with the labor union and were objectively reasonable, the transfers were lawful.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA bank reassigned employees to back-office positions (후선발령) using a selection standard based on length of service by job grade, aiming to improve organizational competitiveness and restructure its high-cost workforce.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled the transfers were a legitimate exercise of personnel authority (인사권), finding clear operational necessity and a rational, union-agreed selection standard.
  • LessonEven demotion-style reassignments (좌천성 인사발령) can be lawful if the employer has a genuine business reason and applies objective, rational criteria that have been agreed upon with the labor union (노동조합).
Issues
  • The scope of an employer's discretionary authority (인사권) over employee transfers and reassignments (전직·전보처분)
  • Whether the criteria used to select employees for demotion-style reassignments (후선발령) were rational and fair
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, decisions to transfer or reassign employees (전직·전보처분) fall within the employer's discretionary personnel authority (인사권). Courts evaluate such decisions by weighing three factors: the operational necessity of the transfer, the degree of disadvantage suffered by the employee, and whether the employer followed procedures required by good faith principles (신의칙). Here, the bank had negotiated and agreed with the labor union on a selection standard based on length of service by job grade, which the Court recognized as a rational and fair criterion. Because the transfers served a genuine business purpose and followed an objectively agreed-upon process, they did not constitute an abuse of personnel authority.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] A reassignment or transfer disposition against an employee may become a disposition disadvantageous to the employee in that it brings about a change in the type, content, or place of work that the employee is required to provide; however, since such disposition, in principle, falls within the authority of the employer who holds the power of personnel management, considerable discretion must be recognized within the scope necessary for business purposes, and it cannot be deemed invalid unless there are special circumstances such as that it violates Article 30(1) of the former Labor Standards Act (Rodong Gijunbeop) (before amendment by Act No. 8372 on April 11, 2007), which prohibits dismissal, suspension without pay, suspension, reduction of wages, or other punitive measures against an employee without justifiable cause, or that it constitutes an abuse of rights. Whether a reassignment disposition, etc. falls within the scope of a legitimate exercise of personnel authority must be determined by comprehensively considering: a comparison and balancing of the business necessity of the reassignment disposition, etc. against the disadvantages to the employee's living conditions resulting from the reassignment; and whether procedures required under the principle of good faith, such as consultation with the labor union to which the employee belongs (or with the employee personally, if there is no labor union), were followed in the course of making the reassignment disposition.

[2] In a case where a bank, having reached agreement with the labor union, selected employees subject to honorary retirement and reassignment to secondary positions and issued personnel orders using length of service by rank as an important criterion, in order to strengthen organizational competitiveness and improve the workforce structure characterized by high age and high cost centered on seniority, the court held that, in light of the fact that the bank had agreed with the labor union on length of service by rank as the criterion for selecting subjects of reassignment to secondary positions, among other factors, the selection criteria could not be deemed to lack reasonableness and fairness, and therefore the personnel order was lawful as having been exercised within the scope of legitimate personnel authority.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,304 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff Co., Ltd. {Attorney-in-fact: Law Firm (LLC) Taepyeong, Attorneys in charge Song Jin-hun and 4 others}
[Defendant] Chairperson of the National Labor Relations Commission
[Defendant's Intervenor, Appellant] Intervenor 1 and 2 others (Attorney-in-fact: Attorney Kwon Du-seop and 4 others)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment, September 5, 2007, Case No. 2007Nu2335

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of appeal shall be borne by the Defendant's Intervenors.

[Reasoning] The grounds for appeal are examined.

A reassignment or transfer disposition against a worker may become a disposition disadvantageous to the worker in that it brings about a change in the type, content, or place of work that the worker is to provide; however, since it falls, in principle, within the authority of the employer, who holds personnel authority, considerable discretion must be recognized within the scope necessary for business operations, and it cannot be deemed invalid unless there are special circumstances such as that it violates Article 30(1) of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법, before the full amendment by Act No. 8372 of April 11, 2007), which prohibits an employer from dismissing, suspending, discharging, reducing the wages of, or otherwise punishing a worker without justifiable cause, or that it constitutes an abuse of rights. Whether a reassignment disposition, etc. falls within the scope of a legitimate exercise of personnel authority must be determined by comprehensively considering the business necessity of the reassignment disposition, etc., in comparison and balance with the disadvantage in the worker's living conditions resulting from the reassignment, and whether procedures required under the principle of good faith, such as consultation with the labor union to which the worker belongs (or with the worker himself/herself if there is no labor union), were followed in the course of making the reassignment disposition (see Supreme Court Decision 91Da12752, delivered on July 12, 1991; Supreme Court Decision 99Du2963, delivered on April 11, 2000, etc.).

The court below, upon comprehensively considering the evidence it adopted, found the facts as stated in its judgment, and then determined as follows: the Plaintiff Bank, in agreement with the labor union, in order to strengthen organizational competitiveness and improve the seniority-based, high-age, high-cost manpower structure, decided to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation based on criteria such as work performance over the recent three years, years of service, and omission from promotion, in order to select candidates for honorary retirement and reassignment to non-front-line positions (후선발령); the Intervenors were evaluated as falling within the bottom 4% in the performance evaluation, had been omitted from promotion for 12 to 13 years since their promotion to Level 4, and had also failed the Level 3 promotion examination immediately preceding this by a considerable margin; therefore, there was a business necessity to carry out each of the personnel orders in this case against the Intervenors in accordance with the Personnel Management Guidelines for Employees Reassigned to Non-Front-Line Positions; although each of the personnel orders in this case caused disadvantages such as a reduction in the Intervenors' wages, it is difficult to view such disadvantages as exceeding the degree that should ordinarily be borne so as to impose an excessive disadvantage on the Intervenors' living conditions; and considering that the Plaintiff Bank notified the Intervenors several times of the fact that they had been selected as candidates for honorary retirement and reassignment to non-front-line positions, the court below determined that the Plaintiff Bank had followed the procedures required under the principle of good faith to the extent possible prior to each of the personnel orders in this case.

Examining the record in light of the legal principles set forth above, the fact-finding and determination of the court below are justifiable, and there is no illegality therein, such as a violation of the rules of evidence.

Furthermore, in determining whether the selection of the subjects was based on reasonable and fair criteria as one of the standards for determining the legitimacy of each of the personnel orders in this case, the court below determined as follows: although the Plaintiff Bank, in conducting the performance evaluation for selecting the subjects of reassignment to non-front-line positions in this case, used years of service, omission from promotion, number of dependents, etc. as evaluation criteria, unlike the Plaintiff Bank's Personnel Guidelines, it cannot be deemed unlawful to use different evaluation criteria since this evaluation differs from the performance evaluation under the Personnel Guidelines in terms of timing of implementation, objectives, and subjects; even if there is a tendency for the deduction for omission of promotion to a higher rank compared to peers who joined (or were promoted) at the same time to be proportional to the deduction for omission of promotion within the current rank compared to peers who joined at the same time under the evaluation criteria in this case, and even if the former, being deducted on a yearly basis, is less precise than a deduction made on a six-month basis, which is the unit in which promotion ordinarily occurs, this circumstance alone is insufficient to deem the evaluation criteria applied to all employees of the same rank unreasonable; and even if the deduction for omission of promotion within the current rank compared to peers who joined at the same time, for the non-party and four others, is calculated as 6 points as asserted by the Intervenors, the total scores of these persons are all higher than those of the Intervenors; comprehensively considering these circumstances, the evaluation criteria in this case cannot be deemed unreasonable or unfair.

In light of the circumstances found by the court below as above and the following circumstances recognized from the record, namely: the Plaintiff Bank agreed with the labor union to use years of service by rank as a criterion for selecting subjects of reassignment to non-front-line positions; considering that the purpose of reassignment to non-front-line positions is to improve the seniority-based, high-age, high-cost manpower structure and to strengthen organizational competitiveness, the above criterion of selecting, among long-term promotion-omitted employees, those employees who lack job performance ability as subjects of reassignment to non-front-line positions cannot be deemed unreasonable or unfair merely because it is likely to be disadvantageous to employees with greater age or length of service; it appears that years of service by rank was included in the selection criteria based on the judgment that, since the difference in scores among employees in the performance evaluation is small and may be affected by the subjective judgment of the evaluator, it would be difficult to ensure the effectiveness and objectivity of the evaluation if the performance evaluation score alone were used as the selection criterion; comprehensively considering these circumstances, the criteria for selecting the subjects of reassignment to non-front-line positions in this case cannot be found to lack reasonableness and fairness, and therefore, the above determination of the court below is justifiable.

Accordingly, the determination of the court below that each of the personnel orders in this case is lawful as having been exercised within the scope of legitimate personnel authority is justifiable, and there is no illegality therein, such as a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the restriction on reassignment under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) or a violation of the rules of evidence, as alleged in the grounds for appeal.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the Justices participating in the decision.

Justices: Cha Han-seong (Presiding Justice), Kim Young-ran, Lee Hong-hoon (Justice in charge), Kim Neung-hwan

【판결요지】

[1] 근로자에 대한 전직이나 전보처분은 근로자가 제공하여야 할 근로의 종류·내용·장소 등에 변경을 가져온다는 점에서 근로자에게 불이익한 처분이 될 수도 있으나, 원칙적으로 인사권자인 사용자의 권한에 속하므로 업무상 필요한 범위 안에서는 상당한 재량을 인정하여야 하고, 그것이 근로자에 대하여 정당한 이유 없이 해고·휴직·정직·감봉 기타 징벌을 하지 못하도록 하는 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제30조 제1항에 위배되거나 권리남용에 해당하는 등 특별한 사정이 없는 한 무효라고는 할 수 없고, 전직처분 등이 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에 속하는지의 여부는 당해 전직처분 등의 업무상의 필요성과 전직에 따른 근로자의 생활상의 불이익을 비교·교량하고, 근로자가 속하는 노동조합(노동조합이 없으면 근로자 본인)과의 협의 등 그 전직처분을 하는 과정에서 신의칙상 요구되는 절차를 거쳤는지 여부를 종합적으로 고려하여 결정하여야 한다.

[2] 은행이 노동조합과 합의하여 조직경쟁력을 강화하고 연공서열 중심의 고연령, 고비용 인력구조를 개선하기 위하여 직급별 근속년수를 중요한 기준으로 삼아서 명예퇴직 및 후선발령 대상 근로자를 선정하여 인사발령한 사안에서, 은행이 노동조합과 직급별 근속년수를 후선발령 대상자 선정기준으로 합의한 점 등에 비추어 그 선정기준이 합리성과 공정성을 결여한 것으로 볼 수 없으므로, 인사발령이 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에서 행사된 것으로 적법하다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제30조 제1항(현행 제23조 제1항 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제30조 제1항(현행 제23조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 7. 12. 선고 91다12752 판결(공1991, 2154), 대법원 2000. 4. 11. 선고 99두2963 판결(공2000상, 1210), 대법원 2007. 10. 11. 선고 2007두11566 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,741자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 주식회사 {소송대리인 법무법인(유) 태평양 담당변호사 송진훈외 4인}

【피 고】 중앙노동위원회위원장

【피고 보조참가인, 상고인】 참가인 1 외 2인 (소송대리인 변호사 권두섭외 4인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2007. 9. 5. 선고 2007누2335 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 피고보조참가인들이 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

근로자에 대한 전직이나 전보처분은 근로자가 제공하여야 할 근로의 종류·내용·장소 등에 변경을 가져온다는 점에서 근로자에게 불이익한 처분이 될 수도 있으나, 원칙적으로 인사권자인 사용자의 권한에 속하므로 업무상 필요한 범위 안에서는 상당한 재량을 인정하여야 하고, 그것이 근로자에 대하여 정당한 이유 없이 해고·휴직·정직·감봉 기타 징벌을 하지 못하도록 하는 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제30조 제1항에 위반되거나 권리남용에 해당하는 등 특별한 사정이 없는 한 무효라고는 할 수 없고, 전직처분 등이 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에 속하는지의 여부는 당해 전직처분 등의 업무상의 필요성과 전직에 따른 근로자의 생활상의 불이익을 비교·교량하고, 근로자가 속하는 노동조합(노동조합이 없으면 근로자 본인)과의 협의 등 그 전직처분을 하는 과정에서 신의칙상 요구되는 절차를 거쳤는지 여부를 종합적으로 고려하여 결정하여야 한다(대법원 1991. 7. 12. 선고 91다12752 판결, 대법원 2000. 4. 11. 선고 99두2963 판결 등 참조).

원심은 그 채택 증거를 종합하여 판시와 같은 사실을 인정한 다음, 원고 은행이 노동조합과 합의하여 조직 경쟁력을 강화하고 연공서열 중심의 고연령, 고비용 인력구조를 개선하기 위하여 최근 3년간의 근무실적, 근속년수, 승급누락 등 종합적인 기준으로 근무평정을 실시하여 명예퇴직 및 후선발령 대상자를 선발하기로 하였는데, 참가인들이 근무평정에서 하위 4%에 포함되는 것으로 평가되었고, 4급 승급 이후 12년 내지 13년간 승급에서 누락되었으며, 그 직전 실시한 승급심사에서도 3급 승급기준과 상당한 격차로 탈락하였으므로 참가인들에 대하여 후선발령직원 인사관리지침에 따라 이 사건 각 인사발령을 단행할 업무상 필요가 있었고, 이 사건 각 인사발령으로 인하여 참가인들의 임금이 삭감되는 등의 불이익이 발생하기는 하나 그 불이익이 통상 감수하여야 할 정도를 현저히 벗어나 참가인들에게 과도한 생활상의 불이익을 가하는 것이라고 보기 어려우며, 원고 은행이 참가인들에게 명예퇴직 및 후선발령 대상자로 선정된 사정을 수회 고지한 점 등을 고려하면 원고 은행으로서는 이 사건 각 인사발령에 앞서 신의칙상 요구되는 가능한 절차를 거쳤다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리 및 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 사실인정 및 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 채증법칙 위반 등의 위법이 없다.

또한, 원심은 이 사건 각 인사발령의 정당성 판정 기준의 하나로 대상자 선정이 합리적이고 공정한 기준에 의하였는지 여부에 관하여 판단하면서, 원고 은행은 이 사건 후선발령 대상자 선정을 위한 근무평정을 할 때 원고 은행 인사지침과 달리 근속년수, 승급누락, 부양가족 등을 평가기준으로 하였으나, 이 사건 평정은 인사지침에 따른 근무평정과 그 실시시기, 목표와 대상이 다르므로 평가기준을 달리한 것을 위법하다고 볼 수 없는 점, 이 사건 평정기준상 경력감점 대 입행(승격)동기대비 상위직급 누락감점과 입행동기대비 현직급 누락감점이 비례하는 경향이 있고, 전자의 경우 1년 단위로 감점이 이루어져 통상 승격이 이루어지는 6개월 단위로 감점하는 경우보다 덜 정밀한 요소가 있다 하더라도 이러한 사정만으로 같은 직급의 모든 직원에게 적용된 평정기준이 불합리하다고 보기 어려운 점, 소외인 등 5인에 대한 입행동기대비 현직급 누락감점을 참가인들이 주장하는 것처럼 6점으로 하더라도 이들의 합계점수는 모두 참가인들보다 높은 점 등을 종합하면 이 사건 평정기준이 불합리하거나 불공정하다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다.

원심이 위에서 인정한 사정 및 기록에 의하여 인정되는 다음과 같은 사정, 즉 원고 은행은 노동조합과 사이에 직급별 근속년수를 후선발령 대상자 선정기준으로 합의한 점, 후선발령의 목적이 연공서열 중심의 고연령, 고비용 인력구조 개선과 조직 경쟁력 강화에 있는 점을 감안하면, 장기승격누락자 중 직무수행능력이 부족한 직원을 후선발령 대상자로 선정하는 위 기준이 나이나 근속기간이 많은 직원에게 불리할 가능성이 높다 하여 불합리하다거나 불공정하다고 볼 수 없는 점, 근무평정은 직원 간 그 점수 차이가 적고 평정자의 주관적인 영향을 받을 수 있어서 단순히 근무평정점수만을 선정기준으로 할 경우 평가의 실효성, 객관성을 담보하기 어렵다는 판단하에 직급별 근속년수를 선정기준에 포함시킨 것으로 보이는 점 등을 종합하면, 이 사건 후선발령 대상자 선정기준이 합리성과 공정성을 결여한 것이라고 인정할 수 없으므로, 원심의 위 판단은 정당하다.

그렇다면 이 사건 각 인사발령이 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에서 행사된 것으로 적법하다는 원심의 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같은 근로기준법상 전직 제한에 관한 법리오해, 채증법칙 위반 등의 위법이 없다.

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자가 부담하도록 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 차한성(재판장) 김영란 이홍훈(주심) 김능환

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2017두57318 · 대법원 2019-11-28
Cancellation of Reinstatement Decision on Unfair Dismissal
#2
95다45934 · 대법원 1996-12-06
퇴직무효등
#3
96누4244 · 대법원 1997-02-14
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
#4
2012다43522 · 대법원 2015-08-13
보직변경발령무효확인등
#5
2020두39297 · 대법원 2020-12-24
Revocation of Disposition Denying Survivors' Benefits and Fu

Cases citing this decision

2020다253744 · 대법원 2023-07-13
전보무효확인의소
2014다46969 · 대법원 2015-10-29
근로자지위확인등
2010다52041 · 대법원 2013-02-28
전직무효확인등
2007두10440 · 대법원 2009-09-10
Revocation of Retrial Ruling (재심판정취소) - Case No. 2007Du10440
2007다54498,54504 · 대법원 2009-03-26
업무추진역발령무효확인등

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)