Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 96누6806

Revocation of Disposition Denying Survivor Benefits and Funeral Expenses (유족급여및장의비부지급처분취소)유족급여및장의비부지급처분취소

Decided1996. 09. 10. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) for further review; the worker's family's claim was not finally rejected but sent back for reconsideration.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A factory manager at a textile plant, who had repeatedly worked on holidays and overtime, died of an acute myocardial infarction while operating a forklift at work. The Supreme Court found that work-related fatigue and stress may have contributed to the worsening of his underlying condition, and reversed and remanded the lower court's decision for further review on whether this qualified as an industrial accident (산업재해) under Korea's Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance system.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA factory manager who frequently worked holidays and overtime died of a heart attack while operating a forklift at work.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court sent the case back for further review, ruling that work-related fatigue could have contributed to his death even without a direct medical link.
  • LessonEmployers and workers should recognize that chronic overtime and holiday work can support an industrial accident claim even when the immediate medical cause seems unrelated to work.
Issues
  • Whether a causal relationship exists between the deceased's work duties and his fatal illness
  • Whether a reasonable causal connection (상당인과관계) can be established between work-related overexertion or stress and death from acute myocardial infarction
Key reasoning

Even if the primary cause of a disease is unrelated to one's job duties, a causal relationship (인과관계) can still be recognized if work-related overexertion contributed to triggering or aggravating the disease. Such causation does not need to be proven with medical certainty; it is sufficient if a reasonable causal connection (상당인과관계) can be inferred from the overall circumstances. Given the deceased's repeated pattern of holiday work and overtime, there was room to find a causal link between work-related fatigue and his fatal acute myocardial infarction. The lower court had failed to adequately consider this possibility, warranting further factual review.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] In order to constitute an occupational injury as provided in Article 3(1) of the former Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법) (before its full amendment by Act No. 4826 of December 22, 1994), there must be a causal relationship between the work and the disease that caused the death; however, even if the main cause of the disease is not directly related to the work, if work-related overexertion is superimposed on the main cause of the disease and thereby induces or aggravates the disease, such causal relationship should be deemed to exist. This causal relationship need not be clearly proven medically or scientifically, and it should be deemed proven where, in light of all the circumstances, a proximate causal relationship between the work and the disease can be inferred.

[2] In a case where an employee of a textile factory, who frequently came to work even on Sundays to check on work conditions and had worked overtime to perform his duties, developed symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and facial discoloration while operating a forklift to ship out products, and after resting was transported to a hospital but died of acute myocardial infarction caused by severe coronary arteriosclerosis, the Supreme Court held that there was room to find a causal relationship between work-related overexertion or stress and the aggravation of the coronary arteriosclerosis or the onset of the acute myocardial infarction, and accordingly reversed the judgment of the lower court, which had denied such causal relationship.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,412 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant]

[Defendant, Appellee] Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (근로복지공단)
[Court Below] Daegu High Court Decision 95Gu4545 rendered on April 12, 1996

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daegu High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

The plaintiff's husband, the deceased Nonparty 1 (a male born on March 22, 1957), had worked as the manager of the weaving department at Yuchang Textile Factory since November 17, 1990. On August 11, 1994, he came to work at approximately 08:30, conducted on-site inspection and gave work instructions in the weaving department, and at around 10:30 the same day, while attempting to personally drive a forklift for product shipment, he showed symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and facial discoloration. He rested, but was transported to Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, where he died at approximately 11:05 the same day of acute myocardial infarction caused by severe coronary arteriosclerosis.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, having comprehensively examined the adopted evidence, found the following facts: that Nonparty 1 was in charge of overall management and supervision of the production department at a small-scale textile manufacturing and sales workplace employing about 20 workers, including establishing production plans, grasping production volume, driving a forklift for product shipment, machine repair, and managing workers, and that his working hours were from approximately 08:30 to 18:30; that although Nonparty 1's duties were diverse and occasionally required physical labor, since he generally performed on-site inspection and confirmation work as a manager, the performance of such work was relatively easy, and since there was a separate specialized technician in charge of machine repair, and he received the assistance of on-site workers when performing product shipment work, his overall workload was not excessive, such that he had reported for work normally, except on days off, up until around July 1994, and had never received night, overtime, or holiday allowances; that Nonparty 1 had habitually paid close attention to maintaining and securing an adequate number of workers at the above workplace since the number of production workers tended to decrease, and that during his vacation from August 2 to August 4, 1994, he came to work at around 06:20 on August 2 to check the site and returned home at around 10:00, and after his vacation, he came to work on Sunday, August 7, to check on work conditions, and on August 9, he worked overtime to perform tasks such as site inspection, but in light of Nonparty 1's job duties and working hours, he was not in a state of accumulated physical fatigue and mental pressure; and that on the evening of August 10, the day before his death, Nonparty 1 drank alcohol with workers at a dinner gathering held for a newly hired employee, Nonparty 2, and returned home late, and on the day of his death, while attempting to personally drive a forklift in weather that was not particularly hot, he died in the manner described above, with his blood alcohol concentration at the time being 0.10%, indicating that he still retained some intoxication from the previous day's drinking. Based on these findings, the court below determined that, in light of the content and degree of Nonparty 1's work, it was clear that the coronary arteriosclerosis that led to the acute myocardial infarction had no direct relation to his work, and that Nonparty 1 died merely because his pre-existing condition of coronary arteriosclerosis worsened according to its natural course while he was performing his ordinary duties, and that his work did not appear to have been so excessive as to combine with the coronary arteriosclerosis to induce or aggravate the acute myocardial infarction; therefore, it could not be said that Nonparty 1's death had a causal relationship with his work.

However, according to the record, Nonparty 1 came to work on holidays, namely January 16, 23, and 30, February 13 and 27, March 6 and 27, April 10 and 24, May 15 and 29, June 12, and July 10, 24, and 31 of 1994 (as stated in Exhibit A No. 12-10, to which the defendant responded that it had no knowledge), and when there was a shortage of workers at the production site, Nonparty 1 came back to work at night even after his regular working hours ended in order to meet product delivery deadlines and personally performed weaving work; and shortly before his death, one of the two specialized weaving machine technicians for the day and night shifts became absent, such that whenever a weaving machine broke down, whether on a weekday or a holiday, Nonparty 1 had to come back to work to repair the broken machine (testimony of witnesses Nonparty 3 and Nonparty 4); and the purpose of the dinner gathering and drinking on the day before his death was for the newly hired employee Nonparty 2, and the cost of the gathering was borne by the company (testimony of witness Nonparty 4); and if the forklift that Nonparty 1 attempted to drive on the day of his death had been parked outdoors, there is room to find that it had already become considerably hot.

Furthermore, in order for an injury to constitute an occupational accident (업무상의 재해) as provided in Article 3(1) of the former Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법) (before its full amendment by Act No. 4826 on December 22, 1994), there must be a causal relationship between the work and the disease that caused the death; however, in such a case, even if the primary cause of the disease has no direct relation to the work, if occupational overwork has at least combined with the primary cause of the disease to induce or aggravate the disease, such causal relationship should be deemed to exist, and such causal relationship need not necessarily be clearly proven medically or scientifically; even where it may be inferred, considering all the circumstances, that there is a proximate causal relationship between the work and the disease, such proof should be deemed to have been established (see Supreme Court Decision 94Nu7935 rendered on March 14, 1995).

Meanwhile, the court below itself acknowledged that, in addition to hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and lack of exercise, overwork and stress are known as major risk factors causing coronary arteriosclerosis, which is the direct cause of acute myocardial infarction. Considering Nonparty 1's work pattern and degree of work immediately before his death as found by the court below, together with the work pattern and degree of work of Nonparty 1 pointed out above, and given that no other cause of overwork or stress appears in this case, there is room to find that there was a causal relationship between Nonparty 1's occupational overwork or stress and the aggravation of his coronary arteriosclerosis or the onset of acute myocardial infarction.

Nevertheless, the court below determined that, in light of the content and degree of Nonparty 1's work, it was clear that the coronary arteriosclerosis that led to the acute myocardial infarction had no direct relation to his work, and that Nonparty 1 died merely because his pre-existing condition of coronary arteriosclerosis worsened according to its natural course while he was performing his ordinary duties, and that his work did not appear to have been so excessive as to combine with the coronary arteriosclerosis to induce or aggravate the acute myocardial infarction; therefore, it could not be said that Nonparty 1's death had a causal relationship with his work. This determination misapprehended the legal principles concerning the causal relationship required for an occupational accident under Article 3(1) of the former Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, thereby erring in its findings of fact or failing to exhaust its examination, and it is clear that such an error affected the outcome of the judgment. The argument pointing out this error has merit.

Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further examination and determination, in accordance with the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices, as set forth in the Order.

Justice Jung Gwi-ho (Presiding Justice), Kim Seok-su, Lee Don-hui, Lee Im-su (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 구 산업재해보상보험법(1994. 12. 22. 법률 제4826호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항이 정하는 업무상의 재해가 되기 위하여는 업무와 사망의 원인이 된 질병 사이에 인과관계가 있어야 하는 것이지만, 이 경우 질병의 주된 발생 원인이 업무와 직접적인 관계가 없다고 하더라도 적어도 업무상의 과로가 질병의 주된 발생 원인에 겹쳐서 질병을 유발 또는 악화시켰다면 그 인과관계가 있다고 보아야 하고, 그 인과관계는 반드시 의학적·자연과학적으로 명백히 입증하여야 하는 것은 아니고 제반 사정을 고려할 때 업무와 질병 사이에 상당인과관계가 있다고 추단되는 경우에도 그 입증이 있다고 보아야 한다.

[2] 일요일에도 자주 출근하여 작업상황을 점검하였고, 업무수행을 위하여 연장근무를 하여 온 직물공장의 근로자가 제품 출고를 위하여 지게차를 운전하다가 현기증, 두통, 얼굴 변색 등의 증상이 나타나 휴식을 취하다 병원으로 후송되었으나 심한 관상동맥경화에 의한 급성심근경색으로 사망한 사안에서, 업무상 과로 또는 스트레스와 관상동맥경화증의 악화 또는 급성심근경색의 발병 사이에 인과관계가 있다고 볼 여지가 있다는 이유로, 그 인과관계를 부정한 원심판결을 파기한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 산업재해보상보험법(1994. 12. 22. 법률 제4826호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항(현행 제4조 제1호 참조), 공무원연금법 제61조 제1항

[2] 구 산업재해보상보험법(1994. 12. 22. 법률 제4826호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항(현행 제4조 제1호 참조), 공무원연금법 제61조 제1항

【참조판례】

[1][2] 대법원 1994. 2. 25. 선고 93누19030 판결(공1994상, 1118), 대법원 1995. 3. 14. 선고 94누7935 판결(공1995상, 1635), 대법원 1996. 9. 6. 선고 96누6103 판결(공1996하, 3029) /[1] 대법원 1992. 4. 14. 선고 91누10015 판결(공1992, 1622), 대법원 1993. 10. 12. 선고 93누9408 판결(공1993하, 3101)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,297자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,상고인】

【피고,피상고인】 근로복지공단

【원심판결】 대구고법 1996. 4. 12. 선고 95구4545 판결

【주문】

원심판결을 파기하여 사건을 대구고등법원에 환송한다.

【이유】 상고이유를 본다.

원고의 남편인 망 소외 1(1957. 3. 22.생의 남자)은 1990. 11. 17.부터 유창직물공장의 직포과장으로 근무하여 오다가 1994. 8. 11. 08:30경 출근하여 직포과에서 현장점검과 작업지시를 하고 같은 날 10:30경 제품 출고를 위하여 지게차를 직접 운전하려고 하다가 현기증, 두통, 얼굴 변색 등의 증상이 나타나 휴식을 취하다 계명대학교 동산병원으로 후송되었으나 같은 날 11:05경 심한 관상동맥경화에 의한 급성심근경색으로 사망하였다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은, 채택한 증거를 종합하여 소외 1은 20여 명의 근로자들이 근무하고 있는 소규모 섬유제품 제직·판매 사업장에서 생산계획의 수립, 생산량의 파악, 제품출고를 위한 지게차 운전, 기계수리, 근로자들의 관리 등 생산부서를 총괄하여 관리·감독하는 업무를 담당하여 왔고, 근무시간은 08:30경부터 18:30경까지 사이로 되어 있는 사실, 소외 1의 업무가 다양하고 간혹 육체적인 작업이 필요한 경우가 있기는 하나 통상 관리자로서 현장점검 및 확인작업을 담당하였던 만큼 그 작업수행이 용이한 편이었으며, 기계수리를 담당하는 전문기사가 따로 있었던 데다가 제품출고작업을 할 때에는 현장근로자의 도움을 받아 그 작업을 수행함으로써 전체적인 업무내용이 과다하지 않았으므로 1994. 7.경까지 휴무일을 제외하고는 모두 정상 출근하여 근무하였고, 또한 야간, 연장, 휴일수당을 받은 적이 없는 사실, 소외 1은 평소 생산직 근로자가 감소하는 추세이었으므로 위 사업장에 적정한 근로자수를 유지하고 확보하기 위하여 세심한 신경을 써 왔고, 1994. 8. 2.부터 같은 달 4.까지 실시된 휴가 기간 중인 같은 달 2. 06:20경 출근하여 현장확인을 하고 10:00경 귀가하였으며, 휴가를 마친 후 같은 달 7. 일요일임에도 출근하여 작업상황을 점검하였고, 같은 달 9.에는 현장확인 등의 업무수행을 위하여 연장근무를 한 적이 있으나 소외 1의 업무내용 및 근무시간에 비추어 소외 1이 육체적 피로와 정신적 압박감이 가중된 상태에 있지는 않았던 사실, 소외 1은 사망 전날인 같은 달 10. 저녁 새로 입사한 소외 2를 위한 회식 자리에서 근로자들과 술을 마시고 늦게 귀가하였으며 사망 당일 무덥지 아니한 날씨 속에서 지게차를 직접 운전하려고 하다가 앞서 본 바와 같은 경위로 사망하였는데 당시 혈중 알코올농도 0.10%로서 전날의 음주로 인한 취기가 남아 있었던 사실 등을 인정하고, 소외 1의 업무 내용과 정도에 비추어 볼 때 급성심근경색을 초래하게 된 관상동맥경화증이 업무와 직접적인 관련이 없음이 명백하고, 소외 1은 통상적인 업무를 수행하다가 기존 질병인 관상동맥경화증이 자연적인 경과에 따라 악화됨으로써 사망하게 되었을 뿐 그의 업무가 관상동맥경화증에 겹쳐서 급성심근경색을 유발 또는 악화시킬 만큼 과중하였다고 보이지 아니한다 하여 소외 1의 사망은 업무와 인과관계가 있다고 할 수 없다고 판단하였다.

그러나 기록에 의하면 소외 1은 휴일인 1994년 1월 16일, 23일, 30일, 2월 13일, 27일, 3월 6일, 27일, 4월 10일, 24일, 5월 15일, 29일, 6월 12일, 7월 10일, 24일, 31일에 출근하여 근무하였으며(피고가 부지로 답한 갑 제12호증의 10의 기재), 소외 1은 생산현장에 근로자가 부족할 때에는 제품의 납기를 맞추기 위하여 퇴근 후에도 야간에 다시 출근하여 직접 제직 작업을 하였고, 사망 직전에는 주야간별 제직기계전문기사 2인 중 1인이 결원이 되어 평일이고 휴일이고 제직기계가 고장나면 다시 출근하여 고장난 기계를 수리하여 왔고(증인 소외 3과 소외 4의 증언), 사망 전날의 회식 및 음주의 목적은 새로 입사한 소외 2를 위한 것이었던 데다가 그 회식 비용은 회사에서 부담하였고(증인 소외 4의 증언), 사망 당일 소외 1이 운전하려고 한 지게차가 옥외에 세워져 있었던 것이라면 이미 상당히 뜨거운 상태이었다고 볼 여지가 있다.

또 구 산업재해보상보험법(1994. 12. 22. 법률 제4826호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항이 정하는 업무상의 재해가 되기 위하여는 업무와 사망의 원인이 된 질병 사이에 인과관계가 있어야 하는 것이지만, 이 경우 질병의 주된 발생 원인이 업무와 직접적인 관계가 없다고 하더라도 적어도 업무상의 과로가 질병의 주된 발생 원인에 겹쳐서 질병을 유발 또는 악화시켰다면 그 인과관계가 있다고 보아야 할 것이고, 그 인과관계는 반드시 의학적·자연과학적으로 명백히 입증하여야 하는 것은 아니고 제반 사정을 고려할 때 업무와 질병 사이에 상당인과관계가 있다고 추단되는 경우에도 그 입증이 있다고 보아야 할 것이다 ( 당원 1995. 3. 14. 선고 94누7935 판결 참조).

한편 급성심근경색의 직접적인 원인이 되는 관상동맥경화증을 초래하는 주요 위험인자로 고지혈증, 고혈압, 흡연, 당뇨병, 운동부족 이외에도 과로 및 스트레스가 알려져 있음은 원심도 이를 인정한 바이고, 원심이 인정한 사망 직전의 소외 1의 근무 형태 및 근무 정도에다가 앞서 지적한 소외 1의 근무 형태 및 근무 정도를 보태어 보면, 그 이외에 달리 과로나 스트레스의 원인이 될 만한 사유가 나타나 있지 않은 이 사건에서는 소외 1의 업무상 과로 또는 스트레스와 관상동맥경화증의 악화 또는 급성심근경색의 발병 사이에 인과관계가 있다고 볼 여지가 있다 할 것이다.

그럼에도 불구하고 원심이 소외 1의 업무 내용과 정도에 비추어 볼 때 급성심근경색을 초래하게 된 관상동맥경화증이 업무와 직접적인 관련이 없음이 명백하고, 소외 1은 통상적인 업무를 수행하다가 기존 질병인 관상동맥경화증이 자연적인 경과에 따라 악화됨으로써 사망하게 되었을 뿐 그의 업무가 관상동맥경화증에 겹쳐서 급성심근경색을 유발 또는 악화시킬 만큼 과중하였다고 보이지 아니한다 하여 소외 1의 사망은 업무와 인과관계가 있다고 할 수 없다고 판단한 것은 구 산업재해보상보험법 제3조 제1항 소정의 업무상 재해의 인과관계에 관한 법리를 오해한 나머지 사실을 오인하거나 심리를 다하지 아니한 위법이 있고, 이러한 위법은 판결결과에 영향을 미친 것임이 명백하다. 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유가 있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하여 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 정귀호(재판장) 김석수 이돈희 이임수(주심)

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