Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2016다40439

Confirmation of Employee Status, etc. (근로자지위확인등)근로자지위확인등

Decided2022. 07. 28. Court대법원Partial worker victory — the claims of two plaintiffs who had reached mandatory retirement age were dismissed on procedural grounds, while the remaining plaintiffs won recognition of their status as workers entitled to direct employment by POSCO.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Crane operators formally employed by a subcontractor of POSCO, a major steel manufacturer, but working inside POSCO's steel mill, claimed they were in substance dispatched workers (파견근로자) under POSCO's direct control, and demanded to be directly hired by POSCO. The Supreme Court agreed that POSCO exercised substantial control over their work instructions and personnel management, confirming that a de facto worker dispatch (근로자파견) relationship existed. However, the claims of two plaintiffs who had already reached the mandatory retirement age (정년) were dismissed for lack of standing, since there was no longer any practical benefit in confirming their employment status.

Key takeaways
  • CaseCrane operators employed by a POSCO subcontractor worked inside POSCO's steel mill under POSCO's direct instructions and control.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled this was an unlawful worker dispatch (근로자파견) and ordered direct employment by POSCO, except for two workers who had already retired.
  • LessonCompanies that exercise substantial day-to-day control over subcontracted workers—through direct work orders, staffing decisions, and integration into core production—risk being deemed the actual employer and required to hire those workers directly.
Issues
  • Whether the working relationship constituted an unlawful 'worker dispatch (근로자파견)' rather than legitimate subcontracting
  • Whether the plaintiffs had a legal interest in confirmation (확인의 이익) to bring this type of lawsuit
  • Whether POSCO, as the user company, was obligated to directly hire the dispatched workers
  • Whether the legal interest in confirmation disappears once a plaintiff reaches mandatory retirement age
Key reasoning

The Court considered several factors together: POSCO issued binding work orders through its computerized management system, the crane operators were substantially integrated into POSCO's rolling process (압연공정) as part of the mill's core production line, and POSCO effectively determined staffing levels and workload for these workers. Based on the totality of these circumstances, the Court held that this arrangement constituted 'worker dispatch (근로자파견)' under the former Act on the Protection, etc. of Dispatched Workers (구 파견법), rather than a legitimate independent subcontracting arrangement. As a result, POSCO, as the actual user company, was obligated to directly hire these workers. For the two plaintiffs who had already reached retirement age, however, the Court found that a ruling on their employment status would serve no practical purpose, since they could no longer work regardless of the outcome, and therefore dismissed their claims for lack of a legal interest in confirmation (확인의 이익).

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,124 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] As listed in the attached list of plaintiffs. (Litigation representative: Yeoneun Law Firm, Attorney Kwon Doo-seop and 4 others)
[Defendant, Appellant] POSCO Holdings Inc. (former trade name: POSCO Co., Ltd.) (Litigation representative: Attorney Lee Jae-hong and 1 other)
[Applicant for Succession to Litigation on Defendant's Side] POSCO Co., Ltd. (Litigation representative: Attorney Lee Jae-hong and 1 other)
[Judgment Below] Gwangju High Court Decision 2013Na1128 decided August 17, 2016

[Order]

The part of the judgment below concerning Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11 is reversed, the first instance judgment concerning the said plaintiffs is vacated, and the lawsuit in this part is dismissed in its entirety. The defendant's appeal against the remaining plaintiffs, excluding Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11, is dismissed in its entirety. The application for succession to litigation by the applicant for succession to litigation on the defendant's side is dismissed. The total litigation costs concerning Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11 and the appeal costs concerning the remaining plaintiffs shall all be borne by the defendant, and the costs arising from the application for succession to litigation shall be borne by the applicant for succession to litigation.

[Reasoning] 1. Regarding the claims of Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11, the Court examines this matter ex officio.
In an action for confirmation, "interest in confirmation" is recognized when there exists a present anxiety or danger to a party's rights or legal status, and obtaining a declaratory judgment is the most effective and appropriate means of removing such anxiety or danger (see Supreme Court Decision 91Da1264, decided October 11, 1991, etc.).
According to the record, the defendant's employment rules provide that the retirement age of employees is 60 years, and that employees retire on the last day of the year in which they reach retirement age. Accordingly, it is clear that Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11 reached retirement age on December 31, 2021, while this appeal case was pending before this Court, and even according to the plaintiffs' own assertions, seeking confirmation that the said plaintiffs remain in the position of employees of the defendant company can no longer be regarded as the most effective and appropriate means of removing anxiety or danger to the said plaintiffs' present rights or legal status.
Accordingly, the said plaintiffs' claims for confirmation of employee status in this case have become unlawful due to the absence of any further interest in confirmation, and in this respect, the judgment below, which examined and ruled on the merits, cannot be sustained as is. This part of the judgment below must be reversed.
2. Determination on the Defendant's Grounds for Appeal
A. Regarding Grounds for Appeal Nos. 1 through 5
1) Pursuant to Article 2, Subparagraph 1 of the former Act on the Protection, etc. of Dispatched Workers (Act on the Protection, etc. of Dispatched Workers) (amended by Act No. 8076 on December 21, 2006, before its enforcement on July 1, 2007; hereinafter the "former Dispatch Act"), "worker dispatch" means having a worker, after being employed by a dispatching business owner while maintaining that employment relationship, engage in work for a using business owner under the direction and supervision of the using business owner in accordance with the terms of a worker dispatch contract. Where an original employer has a worker perform work for a third party, whether such legal relationship constitutes worker dispatch subject to the former Dispatch Act as described above should not be determined by the name or form of the contract given by the parties, but rather should be judged based on the substance of the employment relationship, considering factors such as: whether the third party directly or indirectly gives binding instructions regarding the performance of the work itself or otherwise exercises substantial direction and supervision over the worker; whether the worker can be seen as having been substantially incorporated into the third party's business, such as by being organized into a single work unit together with workers belonging to the third party and performing joint work directly with them; whether the original employer independently exercises decision-making authority regarding matters such as the selection of workers to be assigned to the work, the number of workers, education and training, working and rest hours, leave, and monitoring of work attitude; whether the purpose of the contract is fixed as the performance of work with a specifically limited scope, whether the work assigned to the worker is distinguished from the work of workers belonging to the third party, and whether such work involves specialized expertise or skill; and whether the original employer possesses an independent business organization or equipment necessary to achieve the purpose of the contract (see Supreme Court Decision 2010Da106436, decided February 26, 2015, etc.).
2) The court below, having found the facts as stated in its reasoning, determined, upon comprehensive consideration of the following circumstances, that the defendant was in the position of a using business owner subject to the former Dispatch Act with respect to the plaintiffs during the period in which the plaintiffs, while maintaining employment with each of the cooperative companies in this case, performed crane operation work at the defendant's workplace.
A) After the method of managing the defendant's product production process and operational system through a computerized management system became established, the defendant determined the specific content of the crane-based work, namely the objects to be transported, the order of transport, and the transport points, using the computerized management system. It is difficult to view the defendant as having merely conveyed the scope and content of the work to be entrusted to the cooperative companies in this case. The plaintiffs performed crane operation work in accordance with the work objects and work order conveyed through the computerized management system. It is reasonable to view the work information conveyed to the plaintiffs as functioning, in effect, as binding work instructions. Even if the cooperative companies in this case or the plaintiffs were able to partially change the work order or adjust working hours, this does not lead to a different conclusion.
B) The work of transporting coils through crane operation is inevitably and essentially incidental to the rolling process itself, and the two are difficult to separate functionally. The work performance of the crane operation work affects the time required and work results of the entire rolling product production process. It is reasonable to view the plaintiffs who performed the crane operation work as having been substantially incorporated into the defendant's business.
C) The defendant substantially determined the work to be performed by each of the cooperative companies in this case, the number of personnel required for crane operation, and the amount of work performed by crane operation workers. With respect to overhead crane operation work, the defendant determined which cranes would be operated by workers belonging to the cooperative companies in this case and which cranes would be operated unmanned, and the work specifications presented by the defendant and incorporated into the cooperative work contracts specified the number of personnel by job to be assigned for each task.
D) The consideration paid by the defendant to each of the cooperative companies in this case was determined not according to work performance or work volume, but according to the expected number of personnel to be assigned by job and their working hours. The specific content of the crane work performed by the plaintiffs was simple and repetitive work carried out in accordance with work standards, and it is difficult to view it as requiring a high degree of specialized expertise or skill.
E) Each of the cooperative companies in this case depends on transactions with the defendant for most of its sales, and the overhead cranes, which are the most important equipment for performing the plaintiffs' crane operation work, and the computerized management system essential for performing the coil transport work, were all owned and substantially managed by the defendant. Each of the cooperative companies in this case appears to have minimal substance as an independent business owner, such as pioneering new business areas or obtaining opportunities for additional profit through specialization or improved work efficiency.
3) Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the legal principles set forth above and the record, although there are some deficiencies, such as the absence of any determination as to whether the purpose of each cooperative work contract in this case was fixed as the performance of overhead crane operation work with a specifically limited scope, the lower court's conclusion that the plaintiffs and the defendant were in a worker dispatch relationship is justified, and there is no error therein, as alleged in the grounds for appeal, that affected the judgment by deviating from the limits of free evaluation of evidence in violation of the rules of logic and experience, misunderstanding the legal principles concerning worker dispatch relationships, or omitting judgment.
B. Regarding Ground for Appeal No. 6
1) The provision deeming direct employment under the former Dispatch Act establishes the legal relationship arising between the using business owner and the dispatched worker and the legal effects thereof; its content has no direct relation to the dispatching business owner, and it cannot be said that the continued existence of the employment relationship between the dispatching business owner and the dispatched worker after the establishment of such legal relationship or the occurrence of such legal effect is required as a condition for the continuation of its validity. Therefore, even if a dispatched worker resigns from or is dismissed by the dispatching business owner after the deemed direct employment relationship has arisen between the using business owner and the dispatched worker, such circumstances do not, in principle, affect the legal relationship concerning the deemed direct employment between the using business owner and the dispatched worker (see Supreme Court Decision 2017Da219072, 219089, 219096, 219102, 219119, 219126, 219133, decided August 29, 2019).
2) The court below rejected the defendant's argument, for the reasons stated in its judgment, to the effect that the provision deeming direct employment could not apply to plaintiffs who were dismissed for disciplinary reasons by each of the cooperative companies in this case after the date on which direct employment by the defendant was deemed to have occurred.
3) Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the legal principles set forth above and the evidence lawfully adopted, the above determination by the court below is justified, and there is no error therein, as alleged in the grounds for appeal, of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the legal effect of the provision deeming direct employment under the former Dispatch Act.
C. Regarding Ground for Appeal No. 7
The court below determined, citing circumstances stated in its judgment, including the absence of any material suggesting that Plaintiffs 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 15 had no actual intention to maintain the deemed employment relationship with the defendant despite asserting the effect of deemed direct employment against the defendant through this lawsuit, that it could not be said that the said plaintiffs' seeking confirmation of their status as employees of the defendant violated the principle of good faith or constituted an abuse of rights.
Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the relevant legal principles and the record, there is no error in the above determination of the court below, as alleged in the grounds for appeal, of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the principle of good faith and abuse of rights.
3. Regarding the Application for Succession to Litigation
The applicant for succession to litigation on the defendant's side filed an application for succession to litigation, after the period for submitting the grounds for appeal had expired, asserting that it had been established through a spin-off from the defendant on March 2, 2022, and had succeeded to the rights and obligations related to this lawsuit. However, when the appellate litigation procedure has reached this stage such that judgment is to be rendered without oral argument, there is no need to have the newly established company succeed to the litigation procedure (see Supreme Court Decision 2013Da20106, decided January 16, 2014, etc.). Accordingly, the above application for succession to litigation is without merit.
4. Conclusion
Therefore, the part of the judgment below concerning Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11 is reversed, and as this Court renders judgment directly on this part, the first instance judgment on this part is vacated and the lawsuit on this part is dismissed; the defendant's appeal against the remaining plaintiffs, excluding the said plaintiffs, and the application for succession to litigation by the applicant for succession to litigation on the defendant's side are both dismissed; the total litigation costs concerning Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 11 and the appeal costs concerning the remaining plaintiffs shall be borne by the defendant, and the costs arising from the application for succession to litigation shall be borne by the applicant for succession to litigation, respectively; and it is so decided as per the Order by the unanimous opinion of the Justices involved.

[Attachment] List of Plaintiffs: Omitted

Justice Lee Heung-gu (Presiding Justice), Kim Jae-hyung, Ahn Cheol-sang (Justice in Charge), Noh Jeong-hee

【참조조문】

[1] 민사소송법 제250조

[2] 구 파견근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률(2006. 12. 21. 법률 제8076호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제2조 제1호

[3] 구 파견근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률(2006. 12. 21. 법률 제8076호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제2조 제1호

[4] 구 파견근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률(2006. 12. 21. 법률 제8076호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제6조 제3항(현행 제6조의2 제1항 제3호, 제2항 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 10. 11. 선고 91다1264 판결(공1991, 2695) / [2][4] 대법원 2019. 8. 29. 선고 2017다219072, 219089, 219096, 219102, 219119, 219126, 219133 판결(공2019하, 1786) / [2] 대법원 2015. 2. 26. 선고 2010다106436 판결(공2015상, 515)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,026자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 별지 원고 명단 기재와 같다. (소송대리인 법무법인 여는 담당변호사 권두섭 외 4인)

【피고, 상고인】 포스코홀딩스 주식회사(변경 전 상호: 주식회사 포스코) (소송대리인 변호사 이재홍 외 1인)

【피고소송수계신청인】 주식회사 포스코 (소송대리인 변호사 이재홍 외 1인)

【원심판결】 광주고법 2016. 8. 17. 선고 2013나1128 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 원고 1, 원고 11에 관한 부분을 파기하고, 위 원고들에 관한 제1심판결을 취소하며, 이 부분 소를 모두 각하한다. 원고 1, 원고 11을 제외한 나머지 원고들에 대한 피고의 상고를 모두 기각한다. 피고소송수계신청인의 소송수계신청을 기각한다. 원고 1, 원고 11에 대한 소송총비용 및 나머지 원고들에 대한 상고비용은 모두 피고가 부담하고, 소송수계신청으로 인한 비용은 피고소송수계신청인이 부담한다.

【이 유】 1. 원고 1, 원고 11의 청구에 관하여 직권으로 본다.

확인의 소에서 ‘확인의 이익’이란 당사자의 권리 또는 법률상 지위에 현존하는 불안·위험이 있고, 이를 제거함에 확인판결을 받는 것이 가장 유효적절한 수단일 때 인정된다(대법원 1991. 10. 11. 선고 91다1264 판결 등 참조).

기록에 의하면, 피고의 취업규칙은 소속 근로자의 정년을 만 60세로 하고, 정년에 달한 연도의 말일에 퇴직한다는 규정을 두고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 의하면 이 사건 상고심 계속 중인 2021. 12. 31. 원고 1, 원고 11의 정년이 도래하였음이 명백하고, 원고들의 주장에 따르더라도 위 원고들은 더 이상 피고 회사에 대하여 근로자지위에 있다는 확인을 구하는 것이 위 원고들의 현존하는 권리 또는 법률상 지위에 대한 불안·위험을 제거하기 위한 가장 유효적절한 수단이라고 볼 수 없게 되었다.

그렇다면 위 원고들의 이 사건 근로자지위 확인의 소는 더 이상 확인의 이익이 없어 부적법하게 되었고, 이 점에서 본안에 관하여 심리·판단한 원심판결을 그대로 유지할 수 없다. 이 부분 원심판결은 파기되어야 한다.

2. 피고의 상고이유에 대한 판단

가. 상고이유 제1점 내지 제5점에 대하여

1) 「구 파견근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률」(2006. 12. 21. 법률 제8076호로 개정되어 2007. 7. 1. 시행되기 전의 것, 이하 ‘구 파견법’이라고 한다) 제2조 제1호에 의하면, 근로자파견이란 파견사업주가 근로자를 고용한 후 그 고용관계를 유지하면서 근로자파견계약의 내용에 따라 사용사업주의 지휘·명령을 받아 사용사업주를 위한 근로에 종사하게 하는 것을 말한다. 원고용주가 어느 근로자로 하여금 제3자를 위한 업무를 수행하도록 하는 경우 그 법률관계가 위와 같이 구 파견법의 적용을 받는 근로자파견에 해당하는지는 당사자가 붙인 계약의 명칭이나 형식에 구애될 것이 아니라, 제3자가 당해 근로자에 대하여 직간접적으로 그 업무수행 자체에 관한 구속력 있는 지시를 하는 등 상당한 지휘·명령을 하는지, 당해 근로자가 제3자 소속 근로자와 하나의 작업집단으로 구성되어 직접 공동 작업을 하는 등 제3자의 사업에 실질적으로 편입되었다고 볼 수 있는지, 원고용주가 작업에 투입될 근로자의 선발이나 근로자의 수, 교육 및 훈련, 작업·휴게시간, 휴가, 근무태도 점검 등에 관한 결정 권한을 독자적으로 행사하는지, 계약의 목적이 구체적으로 범위가 한정된 업무의 이행으로 확정되고 당해 근로자가 맡은 업무가 제3자 소속 근로자의 업무와 구별되며 그러한 업무에 전문성·기술성이 있는지, 원고용주가 계약의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 필요한 독립적 기업조직이나 설비를 갖추고 있는지 등의 요소를 바탕으로 그 근로관계의 실질에 따라 판단하여야 한다(대법원 2015. 2. 26. 선고 2010다106436 판결 등 참조).

2) 원심은 판시 사실을 인정한 다음, 다음과 같은 사정을 종합하여 보면 피고는 원고들이 이 사건 각 협력업체와 고용을 유지하면서 피고의 사업장에서 크레인 운전 업무를 수행한 기간에 원고들에 대해 구 파견법의 적용을 받는 사용사업주의 지위에 있다고 판단하였다.

가) 전산관리시스템을 통하여 피고의 제품 생산과정과 조업체계가 관리되는 방식이 정착된 이후 피고는 크레인을 이용한 작업의 구체적인 내용, 즉 운송대상과 운송순서, 운송지점 등을 전산관리시스템을 활용하여 결정하였다. 피고가 이 사건 협력업체들에 맡길 업무의 범위와 내용을 단순히 전달하였다고 보기는 어렵다. 원고들은 전산관리시스템을 통해 전달된 작업대상 및 작업순서에 따라 크레인 운전 업무를 수행하였다. 원고들에게 전달된 작업 정보는 사실상 구속력 있는 업무상 지시로 기능한다고 봄이 타당하다. 이 사건 각 협력업체나 원고들이 작업순서를 일부 변경하거나 작업시간을 조정할 수 있었다고 하더라도 달리 보기 어렵다.

나) 크레인 운전을 통해 코일을 운반하는 업무는 압연공정 자체에 필수적으로 수반될 수밖에 없고, 양자는 기능적인 측면에서 분리되기 어렵다. 크레인 운전 업무의 작업성과는 전체 압연제품 생산 공정의 소요시간과 작업결과에 영향을 미친다. 크레인 운전 업무를 수행한 원고들은 피고의 사업에 실질적으로 편입되었다고 봄이 타당하다.

다) 피고는 이 사건 각 협력업체가 수행할 업무, 크레인 운전에 필요한 인원수, 크레인 운전 작업자가 수행하는 작업량을 실질적으로 결정하였다. 피고는 천장크레인 운전 업무에 관하여 이 사건 협력업체들 소속 근로자들이 탑승할 크레인과 무인화로 운영할 크레인 등을 정하였고, 피고가 제시하여 협력작업계약의 내용에 포함된 작업사양서에서는 작업별로 투입될 직무별 인원 등을 정하였다.

라) 피고가 이 사건 각 협력업체에 지급하는 대가는 작업성과나 작업물량에 따라 산정되는 것이 아니라, 직무별 투입인원수를 예상하여 그 근무시간에 따라 결정되었다. 원고들이 수행한 크레인 작업의 구체적인 내용은 작업표준에 따라 단순·반복적으로 행해지는 것으로서, 고도의 전문성과 기술성이 필요한 것으로 보기 어렵다.

마) 이 사건 각 협력업체는 대부분의 매출을 피고와의 거래에 의존하고 있고, 원고들의 크레인 운전 업무를 수행하기 위해 가장 중요한 설비인 천장크레인과 코일 등 운반 업무 수행에 필수적으로 사용된 전산관리시스템은 모두 피고가 소유하고 실질적으로 관리하였다. 이 사건 각 협력업체는 전문화나 작업능률 향상을 통해 사업영역을 개척하거나 추가적인 이윤 획득의 기회를 얻는 등 독자적인 사업주로서의 실체가 미미한 것으로 보인다.

3) 원심판결 이유를 앞에서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심 판시에 이 사건 각 협력작업계약의 목적이 구체적으로 범위가 한정된 천장크레인 운전 업무의 이행으로 확정되었는지에 대한 설시가 없는 점 등 일부 미흡한 점이 있으나, 원고들과 피고가 근로자파견관계에 있었다고 본 원심의 결론은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유 주장과 같이 논리와 경험의 법칙에 반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나 근로자파견관계에 관한 법리를 오해하거나, 판단을 누락하는 등으로 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 없다.

나. 상고이유 제6점에 대하여

1) 구 파견법상의 직접고용간주 규정은 사용사업주와 파견근로자 사이에 발생하는 법률관계와 이에 따른 법적 효과를 설정하는 것으로서 그 내용이 파견사업주와는 직접적인 관련이 없고 위와 같은 법률관계의 성립이나 법적 효과 발생 후 파견사업주와 파견근로자 사이의 근로관계가 유지되고 있을 것을 그 효력존속요건으로 요구하고 있다고 할 수도 없다. 따라서 사용사업주와 파견근로자 사이에 직접고용관계의 성립이 간주된 후 파견근로자가 파견사업주에 대한 관계에서 사직하거나 해고를 당하였다고 하더라도, 이러한 사정은 원칙적으로 사용사업주와 파견근로자 사이의 직접고용간주와 관련된 법률관계에 영향을 미치지 않는다(대법원 2019. 8. 29. 선고 2017다219072, 219089, 219096, 219102, 219119, 219126, 219133 판결 참조).

2) 원심은, 그 판시와 같은 이유로 피고의 직접고용간주일 이후 이 사건 각 협력업체로부터 징계면직된 원고들에게는 직접고용간주 규정이 적용될 수 없다는 취지의 피고 주장을 배척하였다.

3) 원심판결 이유를 앞서 본 법리와 적법하게 채택된 증거들에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유 주장과 같이 구 파견법상 직접고용간주 규정의 법적 효과에 관한 법리를 오해하는 등의 잘못이 없다.

다. 상고이유 제7점에 대하여

원심은, 원고 2, 원고 7, 원고 9, 원고 10, 원고 12, 원고 13, 원고 14, 원고 15가 피고와의 간주된 고용관계를 실제로 유지할 의사가 없음에도 이 사건 소로써 피고를 상대로 직접고용간주의 효력을 주장하고 있다고 볼 만한 자료가 없는 등 그 판시와 같은 사정을 들어 위 원고들이 피고를 상대로 피고의 근로자지위에 있음의 확인을 구하는 것이 신의칙에 위반된다거나 권리남용에 해당한다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다.

원심판결 이유를 관련 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면 위와 같은 원심의 판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 신의성실의 원칙, 권리남용에 관한 법리를 오해한 잘못이 없다.

3. 소송수계신청에 대하여

피고소송수계신청인은 2022. 3. 2. 피고로부터 분할·설립되어 이 사건 소송과 관련된 권리·의무를 승계하였다고 주장하면서 상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 다음 소송수계신청을 하였다. 그러나 상고심 소송절차가 이와 같은 단계에 이르러 변론 없이 판결을 선고할 때에는 신설회사로 하여금 소송절차를 수계하도록 할 필요가 없다(대법원 2014. 1. 16. 선고 2013다20106 판결 등 참조). 따라서 위 소송수계신청은 이유 없다.

4. 결론

그러므로 원고 1, 원고 11에 관한 부분을 파기하되, 이 부분은 이 법원이 직접 판결하기로 하여 이 부분 제1심판결을 취소하고, 이 부분 소를 각하하며, 위 원고들을 제외한 나머지 원고들에 대한 피고의 상고와 피고소송수계신청인의 소송수계신청을 모두 기각하고, 원고 1, 원고 11에 대한 소송총비용 및 나머지 원고들에 대한 상고비용은 피고가, 소송수계신청으로 인한 비용은 피고소송수계신청인이 각 부담하도록 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

[별 지] 원고 명단: 생략

대법관 이흥구(재판장) 김재형 안철상(주심) 노정희

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