[Plaintiff(Counterclaim Defendant), Appellant] Plaintiff(Counterclaim Defendant) 1 and 1 other (Attorneys of the Law Firm Duksoo, Yoon Young-hwan and 2 others, for the Plaintiffs)
[Defendant(Counterclaim Plaintiff), Appellee] Time Contents Co., Ltd. (formerly: Time Education Co., Ltd.) (Attorney Yang Woo-bong, for the Defendant)
[Judgment Below] Seoul Eastern District Court Decision 2016Na28738, 28745 dated November 17, 2017
[Order]
The part of the judgment below against the Plaintiffs(Counterclaim Defendants) is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul Eastern District Court.
[Reasoning]
The grounds of appeal are examined.
1. A. If an employer and an employee agree to pay a certain amount of money in advance as retirement pay together with the monthly salary or daily wages paid each month or each day (hereinafter referred to as the "retirement pay installment agreement"), such agreement, unless it is recognized as an interim settlement of retirement pay, constitutes a prior waiver by the employee of the right to claim retirement pay arising upon final retirement, and is therefore void as being contrary to mandatory statutory provisions. As a result, even if the employer pays money in the name of retirement pay to the employee pursuant to the retirement pay installment agreement, such payment has no effect as payment of retirement pay. Meanwhile, wages under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) mean all money paid by the employer to the employee as compensation for work, which is paid continuously and regularly to the employee, and for which the employer bears an obligation to pay pursuant to a collective agreement, work rules, salary regulations, employment contract, labor practice, etc. However, if, during the continuation of the employment relationship, money in the name of retirement pay was paid separately from the monthly salary or daily wages pursuant to a retirement pay installment agreement, but the retirement pay installment agreement is void and thus has no effect as payment of retirement pay for the reasons stated above, then the money already paid in the name of retirement pay pursuant to such agreement cannot be deemed to constitute "wages paid as compensation for work" either. Therefore, the employer has suffered damage equivalent to the amount by paying money in the name of retirement pay to the employee without legal cause, while the employee has gained a benefit equivalent to the same amount; accordingly, it is reasonable from the standpoint of equity to hold that the employee must return the money received in the name of retirement pay to the employer as unjust enrichment (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 2007Da90760 dated May 20, 2010).
B. However, considering the legislative intent of establishing the retirement pay system as a mandatory statutory provision, the above legal principle applies only on the premise that a substantive retirement pay installment agreement exists between the employer and the employee. Accordingly, where the agreement concluded between the employer and the employee is in substance merely a determination of wages, but the employer has merely adopted the form of a retirement pay installment agreement in order to evade the payment of retirement pay, the above legal principle cannot be applied. That is, the above legal principle applies only where: there exists an agreement between the employer and the employee to the effect that retirement pay is included in the monthly salary or daily wages and that no separate retirement pay will be paid upon retirement; the amount of money in the name of retirement pay, as distinguished from wages, is specified; and considering the amount of wages excluding the money in the name of retirement pay, the content of the employment contract including the retirement pay installment agreement is not disadvantageous to the employee in light of the previous employment contract or the Labor Standards Act, etc. — in other words, only where the employer and the employee have agreed to substantively pay, in addition to and separately from wages, a certain amount of money in the name of retirement pay (see Supreme Court Decision 2008Da9150 dated May 27, 2010; Supreme Court Decision 2010Da95147 dated October 11, 2012, etc.).
2. The court below determined, for the reasons set forth below, that there was an agreement between the Plaintiffs(Counterclaim Defendants, hereinafter referred to as "Plaintiffs") and the Defendant to pay retirement pay in advance in installments once a year, and that the money at issue in this case (excluding the amount paid to Plaintiff 1 from November 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008) was money paid in the name of retirement pay pursuant to such agreement, and thus could not be included in the calculation of the Plaintiffs' average wages, and that the Plaintiffs must return the same to the Defendant as unjust enrichment.
A. Plaintiff 1, from July 1, 2008, and Plaintiff 2, from April 1, 2008, each received wages as determined under the wage agreement, and there is no basis to evaluate that the Plaintiffs' wage agreements became disadvantageous compared to before the merger of the Defendant(Counterclaim Plaintiff, hereinafter referred to as "Defendant").
B. The Plaintiffs' pay statements record the amount of wages calculated pursuant to the wage agreement, and separately from wages, an amount calculated as 1/12 of each wage, referred to as "lecture completion payment," is recorded in both the payment details column and the deduction details column, and the name was sometimes indicated as "retirement pay" or "contract termination payment."
C. The lecturers employed by the Defendant knew that an amount equivalent to 1/12 of the monthly wage was accumulated each month and that the total sum thereof was paid once a year.
D. Some of the Plaintiffs' service contracts state that no retirement pay, etc. may be demanded from the Defendant other than the lecture entrustment fee, and the above lecture completion payment is money not included within the scope of the wage agreement.
3. However, in light of the following circumstances recognized from the reasoning of the judgment below and the record, and applying the legal principles set forth above, there is sufficient room to find that the money at issue in this case, not only the portion paid from November 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008 which the court below recognized as wages for Plaintiff 1, but also the remaining portion, constitutes in substance the Plaintiffs' wages, as the Defendant merely adopted the form of a retirement pay installment agreement in order to evade the payment of retirement pay, and should also be included in the calculation of average wages.
A. In light of the following facts or circumstances, it can only be found that the Plaintiffs and the Defendant agreed to additionally pay the money at issue in this case in the name of actual wages, in addition to the amount stated in the wage items of the employment contract, and it cannot be found that an agreement was reached between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant to include retirement pay in the monthly salary or annual salary and not to separately pay retirement pay upon retirement.
1) The employment contracts prepared between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant do not state the basis for payment of the money at issue in this case, and only state the calculation rate of the "lecture entrustment fee (fee)" or the annual salary amount and the calculation rates of position allowance, overtime (special lecture) allowance, performance pay, variable pay, etc.; there is no separate statement that retirement pay is included in and paid together with the monthly salary or annual salary.
2) Rather, in the employment contracts prepared after 2010, a clause was added stating: "Since the Plaintiffs provide lectures under an entrustment contract in an independent capacity, they may not demand any allowance or retirement pay, etc. from the Defendant other than the lecture entrustment fee under this contract, and the Defendant likewise has no obligation to provide the same." (Article 5, Paragraph 5.5), which appears to be intended to deny the Defendant's obligation to pay retirement pay itself, on the premise of denying the Plaintiffs' status as employees.
3) In the lecture entrustment special agreement documents dated December 1, 2010 and January 27, 2012, prepared between Plaintiff 1 and the Defendant, following the agreed content regarding basic pay and variable pay, there is a statement that "the lecture completion payment for basic pay remains valid," but there is no statement regarding retirement pay.
4) The Defendant uniformly determined the amount of the money at issue in this case, accumulated monthly, as an amount equivalent to 1/12 of the lecture entrustment fee (fee) or basic pay stated among the wage items in the employment contract, without considering the Plaintiffs' average wages.
5) Meanwhile, although some of the pay statements cited by the court below as grounds for recognizing the retirement pay installment agreement contain statements to the effect that the money is in the name of "retirement pay," etc., this is merely a unilateral indication by the Defendant, and the existence of a retirement pay installment agreement cannot be recognized solely on the basis of such statement. Furthermore, since the same amount of the money at issue in this case is recorded in both the payment details section and the deduction details section of the above pay statements, this should be interpreted to mean that "the money at issue in this case is paid in the name of wages but is deducted and thus not included in the actual amount paid for the relevant month," and such circumstance likewise cannot serve as a basis for concluding that the money at issue in this case is not in the name of a portion of wages.
B. The employment contracts prepared between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant, rather than specifying an amount of money in the name of retirement pay distinguished from wages, exclude retirement pay from the subject of payment; and the pay statements prepared and delivered by the Defendant record the amount of the money at issue in this case up to the portion for February 2009, but do not indicate the specific basis for calculation, while from the portion for March 2009 onward, the amount is indicated simply as 0 won with no amount recorded at all. Considering that it is difficult to conclude that the Plaintiffs, who received wages in the form of a monthly salary, clearly distinguished between and received the portion paid as retirement pay and the portion not so paid, it likewise cannot be found that the amount of money in the name of retirement pay, distinguished from wages, was specified between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant.
C. After concluding the merger agreement around September 2007, the Defendant changed the previous method of wage payment, and from the wages for November 2007, in addition to the wage amount stated in the employment contract, accumulated an amount equivalent to 1/12 of the basic pay each month, and paid the total sum thereof once a year. The Plaintiffs admit that they received retirement pay for the period of service up to October 31, 2007 in the course of the Defendant's merger, and are claiming retirement pay for the period of service from November 1, 2007 onward. However, in Plaintiff 1's employment contract, the calculation rate of the lecture entrustment fee is stated as 35% up to October 31, 2007, 33.2% from November 1, 2007, and 34.7% from July 1, 2008. If it is found that the retirement pay installment agreement was included in the method of wage payment changed by the Defendant from the wages for November 2007, this would result in the wage amount being reduced compared to before the installment payment of retirement pay, becoming disadvantageous to the Plaintiffs, which is difficult to accept in light of the general upward trend of wage payment standards and the circumstances such as Plaintiff 1's promotion to team leader.
4. Nevertheless, the judgment below, which held otherwise based solely on the circumstances stated therein, contains an error of misapprehending the legal principles regarding retirement pay installment agreements, which affected the conclusion of the judgment. The ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.
5. Therefore, the part of the judgment below against the Plaintiffs is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination, and it is so decided as per the Order by the unanimous consent of the Justices involved.
Justice Roh Jeong-hee (Presiding Justice), Park Sang-ok (Justice in charge), Ahn Cheol-sang, Kim Sang-hwan