Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2011다20034

Wages Dispute Case임금

Decided2012. 02. 09. Court대법원Case remanded; Worker's position upheld on the wage classification issue
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case concerns a worker who was unfairly dismissed (부당해고) and later sought payment for a 'perfect attendance award' (개근자 표창, worth 1 don of gold, approximately 3.75g) that he would have received during the dismissal period had he remained employed. The Korean Supreme Court (대법원) ruled that this attendance award qualified as 'wages' (임금) under the Labor Standards Act, reversing the lower court's decision. The Court also held that participating as an intervening party in an administrative lawsuit following an unfair labor practice (부당노동행위) remedy application counts as a valid ground for interrupting the statute of limitations (소멸시효 중단).

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker who was unfairly dismissed sought recognition of a perfect attendance award (1 don of gold) he missed during the dismissal period as part of his wages.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that the attendance award, being specified in the collective bargaining agreement and paid continuously and regularly, qualifies as wages, and reversed and remanded the lower court's decision.
  • LessonAny award or allowance specified in a collective bargaining agreement can be legally recognized as wages if it is paid on a regular, continuing basis with a binding obligation on the employer—regardless of how small the amount may be.
Issues
  • Whether an unpaid perfect attendance award during the period of unfair dismissal qualifies as 'wages' under the Labor Standards Act
  • Whether intervening in an administrative lawsuit after filing an unfair labor practice remedy petition constitutes a valid ground for interrupting the statute of limitations
Key reasoning

The perfect attendance award, which was specified in the collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) and paid continuously and regularly to employees, constitutes 'wages' under the Labor Standards Act because the employer had a binding obligation to pay it. The Court emphasized that the classification as wages does not depend on the monetary value being small, but rather on whether the payment is a regular, continuous obligation stipulated in the collective agreement. Additionally, the Court found that when a worker files an unfair labor practice remedy petition and later intervenes in the related administrative litigation to assert the same rights, this legal action qualifies as a 'judicial claim' (재판상 청구) sufficient to interrupt the running of the statute of limitations on wage claims.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where an employer’s wrongful dismissal is null and void or is rescinded, the dismissed employee’s status as an employee continues throughout the intervening period, and since the failure to render labor during that period is attributable to a cause for which the employer is responsible, the employee may claim payment of the entire wages that could have been received had the employee continued to work, pursuant to Article 538(1) of the Civil Act (민법). Here, the wages that the employee may claim for payment mean wages as defined in Article 2 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and thus include, regardless of their designation, any and all money paid by the employer to the employee as consideration for labor that is paid continuously and periodically, provided that the employer is under an obligation to pay it pursuant to a collective agreement, work rules, remuneration regulations, employment contract, labor practice, etc.; it is not necessarily limited to ordinary wages.

[2] In a case where the collective agreement of Company A provided that a union member who had perfect attendance for one year would be awarded 1 don (3.75g) of gold at the end of the year as a commendation, and a union member with diligent attendance (three or fewer instances of tardiness) would be awarded half a don of gold, and where employees B and others sought payment against Company A of the commendation that they had not received during the period of wrongful dismissal, the court held that, absent special circumstances, such commendation should be deemed included in the wages that the employees could have received had they continued to work, and found that the court below erred in its legal reasoning by holding otherwise.

[3] Where an employee has been dismissed due to the employer’s unfair labor practice, the employee may bring a civil action seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal and payment of wages; however, the employee may also seek to recover wage claims and other rights infringed by the unfair labor practice by utilizing the administrative relief procedures under Article 33 of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before its full amendment by Act No. 8372 on April 11, 2007) and Articles 82 through 86 (excluding Article 85(5)) of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합 및 노동관계조정법), which are designed to provide prompt relief for unfair labor practices, by filing an application for relief with the Labor Relations Commission and then contesting, through an administrative litigation, the remedial order or the dismissal decision of the Labor Relations Commission. Therefore, where an employee, after filing an application for relief under the relevant statutes, contests the legal relationship in the ensuing administrative litigation, this constitutes the assertion of a right in a judicial proceeding, demonstrating that the right holder is not sleeping on his or her rights, and thus constitutes a “judicial claim,” which is a ground for interruption of extinctive prescription.

[4] In a case where employees B and others of Company A sought payment of wages that they had not received during the period of wrongful dismissal, where B and others, after being dismissed, filed an application for relief for unfair labor practices and obtained a remedial order to the effect that “Company A shall reinstate B and others to their original positions and pay them an amount equivalent to the wages they could have received had they worked normally during the period of dismissal,” and where Company A, dissatisfied with the remedial order, filed an application for reexamination with the National Labor Relations Commission, which was dismissed, and then filed an administrative litigation seeking revocation of the reexamination decision, the court held that B and others’ act of intervening as assistants for the Chairperson of the National Labor Relations Commission in the administrative litigation and actively contesting Company A’s assertions while asserting their own rights could be regarded as the exercise of a right in a judicial proceeding, and thus affirmed the lower court’s determination that the extinctive prescription of B and others’ wage claims for the period of wrongful dismissal was interrupted by the “judicial claim” related to the administrative litigation.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,114 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants and Incidental Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 4 others (Attorney Kim Cha-gon, Counsel for the Plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellee and Incidental Appellant] Hi-Tech RCD Korea Co., Ltd. (Shinhwa LLC, Attorneys Baek Jun-hyun and 3 others, Counsel for the Defendant)
[Judgment Below] Seoul Southern District Court Judgment 2010Na9486, decided January 13, 2011

[Order]

The part of the judgment below against the Plaintiffs is entirely reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Panel Division of the Seoul Southern District Court. The Defendant's incidental appeal is dismissed.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal and the grounds of incidental appeal are examined.

1. Determination on the Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal

Where an employer's wrongful dismissal is void or has been rescinded, the dismissed worker's status as an employee is deemed to have continued throughout that period, and since the worker's failure to provide labor during that time is attributable to the employer, the worker may claim payment of the entire wages that would have been received had the worker continued to work, pursuant to Article 538(1) of the Civil Act (민법) (see Supreme Court Decision 81Da626, decided December 22, 1981; Supreme Court Decision 94Da45753, 45760, decided November 21, 1995, etc.). The "wages" that a worker may claim payment of here refer to wages as defined in Article 2 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), meaning any and all money paid by an employer to a worker as consideration for labor; such wages include, regardless of their designation, any payment made continuously and regularly to the worker where the employer is obligated to make such payment under a collective agreement, rules of employment, wage regulations, employment contract, labor practice, or the like (see Supreme Court Decision 98Da34393, decided September 3, 1999; Supreme Court Decision 2006Da48229, decided December 8, 2006, etc.), and are not necessarily limited to ordinary wages (see Supreme Court Decision 93Da11463, decided December 21, 1993, etc.).

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, Article 45 of the Defendant company's collective agreement provides that a union member who has had perfect attendance for one year shall be awarded, as a commendation, one don (3.75g) of gold at the end of the year, and a union member who has had diligent attendance (three or fewer instances of tardiness) shall be awarded half a don of gold at the end of the year. Examining this in light of the above legal principles, such commendation, absent special circumstances, must also be regarded as included in the wages that the Plaintiffs would have received had they continued to work.

Nevertheless, the court below, contrary to this, dismissed the portion of the Plaintiffs' claim for payment of wages in this case seeking payment of the above commendation, on the ground that such commendation could not be deemed to constitute wages that the Plaintiffs would have received had they continued to work. This determination by the court below contains an error of law that misapprehends the legal principles concerning the scope of wages, thereby affecting the outcome of the judgment. The Plaintiffs' ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.

2. Determination on the Defendant's ground of incidental appeal

The rationale for the statute of limitations system lies in respecting a continued state of fact and in not protecting a person who sleeps on his or her rights; this latter meaning is particularly strong with respect to extinctive prescription. Accordingly, when a rights holder asserts the right in a judicial proceeding, thereby manifesting that he or she is not sleeping on the right, this constitutes a cause for interruption of prescription (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 91Da32053, decided March 31, 1992; Supreme Court Decision 94Da13435, decided June 30, 1995, etc.), and even an administrative litigation, insofar as it is related, constitutes a judicial claim that serves as a cause for interrupting the extinctive prescription of the related private right (see Supreme Court Decision 93Da21606, decided May 10, 1994; Supreme Court Decision 2010Da49540, decided September 30, 2010, etc.).

Where a worker has been dismissed due to an employer's unfair labor practice, the worker may seek, through civil litigation, confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal and payment of wages; however, the worker may also seek recovery of rights infringed by the unfair labor practice, such as the right to claim wages, by filing a petition for relief with the Labor Relations Commission under the administrative remedy procedures set forth in Article 33 of the former Labor Standards Act (구 근로기준법) (before the wholesale amendment by Act No. 8372 of April 11, 2007) and Articles 82 through 86 (excluding Article 85(5)) of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합 및 노동관계조정법), which were established for the prompt relief of rights with respect to unfair labor practices, and subsequently contesting the Labor Relations Commission's remedial order or dismissal decision through administrative litigation. Therefore, where a worker files a petition for relief under the aforementioned relevant statutes and thereafter contests the legal relationship in the ensuing administrative litigation, this likewise constitutes the rights holder's assertion of the right in a judicial proceeding, manifesting that the rights holder is not sleeping on the right, and must be deemed to constitute a judicial claim that serves as a cause for interrupting extinctive prescription.

The court below found the following facts: that after the Plaintiffs were dismissed by the Defendant company, they filed a petition for relief regarding unfair labor practices, and on March 31, 2003, received a remedial order from the Seoul Regional Labor Relations Commission stating that "the Defendant company shall reinstate the Plaintiffs to their original positions and pay them an amount equivalent to the wages they would have received had they worked normally during the period of dismissal"; that the Defendant, dissatisfied with this remedial order, filed a petition for reexamination with the National Labor Relations Commission, and upon dismissal thereof, filed an administrative lawsuit seeking to rescind the reexamination decision; that the Plaintiffs, in the said administrative litigation, contested the Defendant company's assertions by way of intervening in aid of the Chairperson of the National Labor Relations Commission; and that the Defendant company was rendered a judgment dismissing the claim at the first instance of the said administrative litigation, and that judgment became final and conclusive after undergoing appellate and final appeal proceedings. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the Plaintiffs' act of intervening in aid of the Chairperson of the National Labor Relations Commission in the aforementioned administrative litigation and actively contesting the Defendant's assertions while asserting their own rights may be regarded as the exercise of rights in a judicial proceeding, and thus the extinctive prescription of the Plaintiffs' right to claim wages during the period of unfair dismissal was interrupted by the judicial claim related to the said administrative litigation.

Examining the record in light of the above legal principles, the determination of the court below is justified, and there is no error of law, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, misapprehending the legal principles concerning interruption of extinctive prescription.

3. Conclusion

Therefore, the part of the judgment below against the Plaintiffs is entirely reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further deliberation and determination, while the Defendant's incidental appeal is dismissed. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the participating Justices.

Justice Lee In-bok (Presiding Justice), Kim Neung-hwan (Justice in Charge), Ahn Dae-hee, Park Byong-dae

【판결요지】

[1] 사용자의 부당한 해고처분이 무효이거나 취소된 때에는 그동안 피해고자의 근로자로서 지위는 계속되고, 그간 근로의 제공을 하지 못한 것은 사용자의 귀책사유로 인한 것이므로 근로자는 민법 제538조 제1항에 의하여 계속 근로하였을 경우 받을 수 있는 임금 전부의 지급을 청구할 수 있다. 여기에서 근로자가 지급을 청구할 수 있는 임금은 근로기준법 제2조에서 정하는 임금을 의미하므로, 사용자가 근로의 대가로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금원으로서 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 이에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있다면 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 이에 포함되며, 반드시 통상임금으로 국한되는 것은 아니다.

[2] 甲 주식회사의 단체협약에 조합원이 1년간 개근할 경우 연말에 금 1돈(3.75g)을, 정근(지각 3회 이하)할 경우 금 반 돈을 교부하여 표창하도록 규정되어 있는데, 근로자 乙 등이 甲 회사를 상대로 부당해고기간 중 지급받지 못한 표창의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 위 표창은 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로자가 계속 근로하였을 경우 받을 수 있는 임금에 포함된다고 보아야 함에도, 이와 달리 본 원심판결에 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 한 사례.

[3] 근로자가 사용자의 부당노동행위로 인하여 해고를 당한 경우, 민사소송으로 해고의 무효확인 및 임금의 지급을 청구할 수 있으나 부당노동행위에 대한 신속한 권리구제를 위하여 마련된 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전부 개정되기 전의 것) 제33조와 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제82조 내지 제86조(제85조 제5항 제외)의 행정상 구제절차를 이용하여 노동위원회에 구제신청을 한 후 노동위원회의 구제명령 또는 기각결정에 대하여 행정소송에서 다투는 방법으로 임금청구권 등 부당노동행위로 침해된 권리의 회복을 구할 수도 있다. 따라서 근로자가 위 관계 법령에 따른 구제신청을 한 후 이에 관한 행정소송에서 권리관계를 다투는 것은 권리자가 재판상 권리를 주장하여 권리 위에 잠자는 것이 아님을 표명하는 것으로서 소멸시효 중단사유인 ‘재판상 청구’에 해당한다.

[4] 甲 주식회사의 근로자 乙 등이 부당해고기간 중 지급받지 못한 임금의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 乙 등이 해고된 후 부당노동행위 구제신청을 하여 ‘甲 회사는 乙 등을 원직에 복직시키고 해고기간 중 정상적으로 근무하였더라면 받을 수 있었던 임금 상당액을 지급하라’는 내용의 구제명령을 받았고, 甲 회사가 구제명령에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였다가 기각당하자 재심판정의 취소를 구하는 행정소송을 제기하였는데, 乙 등이 행정소송에서 중앙노동위원회위원장을 위하여 보조참가하여 甲 회사의 주장을 적극 다투면서 자신의 권리를 주장한 것은 재판상 권리를 행사한 것으로 볼 수 있으므로, 乙 등의 부당해고기간 동안 임금지급청구권의 소멸시효는 행정소송과 관련한 ‘재판상 청구’로써 중단되었다고 본 원심판단을 정당하다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 민법 제538조 제1항, 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

[2] 민법 제538조 제1항, 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호

[3] 민법 제168조 제1호, 제170조, 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전부 개정되기 전의 것) 제33조(현행 제28조 참조), 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제82조, 제83조, 제84조, 제85조, 제86조

[4] 민법 제168조 제1호, 제170조, 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전부 개정되기 전의 것) 제33조(현행 제28조 참조), 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제82조, 제83조, 제84조, 제85조, 제86조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1981. 12. 22. 선고 81다626 판결(공1982, 220), 대법원 1993. 12. 21. 선고 93다11463 판결(공1994상, 488), 대법원 1995. 11. 21. 선고 94다45753, 45760 판결(공1996상, 40), 대법원 1999. 9. 3. 선고 98다34393 판결(공1999하, 2022), 대법원 2006. 12. 8. 선고 2006다48229 판결)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,937자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인 겸 부대피상고인】 원고 1 외 4인 (소송대리인 변호사 김차곤)

【피고, 피상고인 겸 부대상고인】 주식회사 하이텍알씨디코리아 (소송대리인 법무법인 신화 담당변호사 백준현 외 3인)

【원심판결】 서울남부지법 2011. 1. 13. 선고 2010나9486 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 원고들 패소 부분을 모두 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울남부지방법원 합의부에 환송한다. 피고의 부대상고를 기각한다.

【이 유】 상고이유와 부대상고이유를 본다.

1. 원고들의 상고이유에 대한 판단

사용자의 부당한 해고처분이 무효이거나 취소된 때에는 그동안 피해고자의 근로자로서의 지위는 계속되고 있었던 것이 되고, 근로자가 그간 근로의 제공을 하지 못한 것은 사용자의 귀책사유로 인한 것이라 할 것이니 근로자는 민법 제538조 제1항에 의하여 계속 근로하였을 경우에 받을 수 있는 임금 전부의 지급을 청구할 수 있는바(대법원 1981. 12. 22. 선고 81다626 판결, 대법원 1995. 11. 21. 선고 94다45753, 45760 판결 등 참조), 여기에서 근로자가 지급을 청구할 수 있는 임금은 근로기준법 제2조에서 규정하는 임금을 의미하므로, 사용자가 근로의 대가로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금원으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 그 지급에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있다면 그 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 이에 포함되며(대법원 1999. 9. 3. 선고 98다34393 판결, 대법원 2006. 12. 8. 선고 2006다48229 판결 등 참조), 반드시 통상임금으로 국한되는 것은 아니다(대법원 1993. 12. 21. 선고 93다11463 판결 등 참조).

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 피고 회사의 단체협약 제45조는 조합원이 1년간 개근할 경우 연말에 금 1돈(3.75g)을, 정근(지각 3회 이하)할 경우 연말에 금 반 돈을 교부하여 표창하도록 규정되어 있다는 것인바, 이를 위 법리에 비추어 살펴보면 위와 같은 표창 역시 특별한 사정이 없는 한 원고들이 계속 근로하였을 경우에 받을 수 있는 임금에 포함된다고 보아야 한다.

그럼에도 원심은 이와 달리, 위 표창은 원고들이 계속 근로하였을 경우에 받을 수 있는 임금에 해당한다고 보기 어렵다는 등의 이유로 원고들의 이 사건 임금지급 청구 중 위 표창의 지급을 구하는 부분을 모두 기각하고 있는바, 이러한 원심의 판단에는 임금의 범위에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다. 이 점을 지적하는 원고들의 상고이유의 주장은 이유 있다.

2. 피고의 부대상고이유에 대한 판단

시효제도의 존재 이유는 영속된 사실상태를 존중하고 권리 위에 잠자는 자를 보호하지 않는다는 데에 있고 특히 소멸시효에 있어서는 후자의 의미가 강하므로, 권리자가 재판상 그 권리를 주장하여 권리 위에 잠자는 것이 아님을 표명한 때에는 시효중단사유가 되고(대법원 1992. 3. 31. 선고 91다32053 전원합의체 판결, 대법원 1995. 6. 30. 선고 94다13435 판결 등 참조), 비록 행정소송이라고 할지라도 관련된 사권의 소멸시효 중단사유인 재판상 청구에 해당한다(대법원 1994. 5. 10. 선고 93다21606 판결, 대법원 2010. 9. 30. 선고 2010다49540 판결 등 참조).

그런데 근로자가 사용자의 부당노동행위로 인하여 해고를 당한 경우, 근로자로서는 민사소송으로 해고의 무효확인 및 임금의 지급을 청구할 수 있으나 부당노동행위에 대한 신속한 권리구제를 위하여 마련된 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전부 개정되기 전의 것) 제33조와 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제82조 내지 제86조(제85조 제5항 제외)의 행정상 구제절차를 이용하여 노동위원회에 구제신청을 한 후 노동위원회의 구제명령 또는 기각결정에 대하여 행정소송에서 다투는 방법으로 임금청구권 등 부당노동행위로 침해된 권리의 회복을 구할 수도 있으므로, 근로자가 위 관계 법령에 따른 구제신청을 한 후 이에 관한 행정소송에서 그 권리관계를 다투는 것 역시 권리자가 재판상 그 권리를 주장하여 권리 위에 잠자는 것이 아님을 표명한 것으로서 소멸시효 중단사유로서의 재판상 청구에 해당한다고 보아야 한다.

원심은, 원고들이 피고 회사로부터 해고된 후 부당노동행위 구제신청을 하여 2003. 3. 31. 서울지방노동위원회로부터 ‘피고 회사는 원고들을 각 원직에 복직시키고 해고기간 중 정상적으로 근무하였더라면 받을 수 있었던 임금 상당액을 지급하라’는 내용의 구제명령을 받은 사실, 피고는 위 구제명령에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였다가 기각당하자 위 재심판정의 취소를 구하는 행정소송을 제기하였고, 원고들은 위 행정소송에서 중앙노동위원회위원장을 위하여 보조참가하는 방식으로 피고 회사의 주장을 다툰 사실, 피고 회사는 위 행정소송의 제1심에서 청구기각 판결을 선고받았으며, 그 판결은 항소심과 상고심을 거쳐 확정된 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 원고들이 위와 같이 제기된 행정소송에서 중앙노동위원회위원장을 위하여 보조참가하여 피고의 주장을 적극적으로 다투면서 자신의 권리를 주장한 것은 재판상 권리를 행사한 것으로 볼 수 있으므로, 원고들의 부당해고기간 동안의 임금지급청구권의 소멸시효는 위 행정소송과 관련한 재판상의 청구로써 중단되었다고 판단하였다.

위 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유로 주장하는 바와 같은 소멸시효 중단에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

3. 결론

그러므로 원심판결 중 원고들 패소 부분을 모두 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하되, 피고의 부대상고를 기각하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이인복(재판장) 김능환(주심) 안대희 박병대

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