Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2006다48069

Confirmation of Invalid Dismissal and Wage Claim해고무효확인및임금

Decided2006. 11. 23. Court대법원Case remanded (worker's position favored; dismissal found invalid)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A taxi company dismissed a driver for repeatedly falling behind on remitting fare revenue (운송수입금) to the company. The Supreme Court found that the disciplinary committee (징계위원회) had been improperly formed and that dismissal was an excessively harsh penalty, ruling that the company had abused its disciplinary discretion.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A taxi company dismissed a driver for falling behind on remitting fare revenue to the company.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled the dismissal invalid due to a flawed disciplinary committee composition and an excessively harsh penalty.
  • LessonLesson: Employers must ensure workers' opinions are reflected when appointing labor-side disciplinary committee members, and dismissal should be used only as a last resort after careful consideration.
Issues
  • Whether the disciplinary committee (징계위원회) was lawfully constituted, particularly regarding selection of labor-side members
  • Whether dismissal was a justified and proportionate penalty for arrears in remitting fare revenue (운송수입금)
Key reasoning

When a disciplinary committee is composed of equal numbers of labor and management representatives, the labor-side members must be selected in a way that reflects the actual opinions and will of the workers, not merely appointed unilaterally by management. In this case, the process for selecting the labor-side disciplinary committee members failed to properly reflect worker input, rendering the committee's composition procedurally defective. Furthermore, considering the circumstances surrounding the fare revenue arrears—including the company's own prior practices and tolerance of similar conduct—dismissal was found to be a disproportionately severe punishment. The Supreme Court therefore held that the company exceeded the bounds of its disciplinary discretion (징계재량권) in terminating the driver, and remanded the case for further review.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where the rules of employment (취업규칙) provide for the disciplinary committee to be composed of an equal number of labor and management members, this is intended to secure procedural fairness by appointing disciplinary committee members from among the employees, thereby guaranteeing the employees' right to participate in the disciplinary committee, and at the same time to check the employer's abuse of disciplinary authority. Therefore, even if the rules of employment do not directly stipulate the qualifications and selection procedure for disciplinary committee members, it cannot be interpreted that the employer may arbitrarily appoint the labor-side disciplinary committee members without a process reflecting the employees' opinions, unless there are special circumstances such as the labor-side disciplinary committee members having previously represented the employees or spoken for their opinions.

[2] In a case where the court below held that a taxi company driver's act of failing to remit the transportation revenue and then remitting it all at once at one time constituted misappropriation of the transportation revenue or a failure to remit the transportation revenue for three days or more, thereby falling under a ground for dismissal as stipulated in the rules of employment (취업규칙), the Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the court below on the ground, among others, that the dismissal disposition by the employer was excessively harsh and thus exceeded the bounds of the employer's discretionary authority, in light of the following: the dismissed driver had been in arrears with the transportation revenue due to the difficulty of repaying a daily-installment private loan (일수사채) he had borrowed to pay damages for a traffic accident; other drivers likewise customarily did not remit the transportation revenue on a daily basis but remitted two to three days' worth at once; the taxi company had no prior record of disciplining employees on this ground; and the company had paid the diligence allowance (성실수당) as long as the transportation revenue up to the end of the month was remitted, regardless of whether it was remitted daily.

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,917 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff (Attorney-at-law Kang Ki-tak of Sicheon Law Firm, counsel for the plaintiff)
[Defendant, Appellee] Cheorwon Call Taxi Co., Ltd. (Attorneys Park Mun-woo and 1 other, counsel for the defendant)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2005Na100627 rendered on June 23, 2006

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

1. As to the grounds of appeal regarding the disciplinary procedure

A. Judgment of the court below

With respect to the Plaintiff's argument that he had not been notified in advance of the grounds for disciplinary action or given an opportunity to explain his position thereon, and that there was also a material defect in the composition of the disciplinary committee, the court below rejected this argument, holding as follows: not only did the Defendant notify the Plaintiff in advance of the grounds for the dismissal in this case and give him an opportunity to explain, but also the Defendant's rules of employment (취업규칙) did not provide for any procedure regarding prior notification of disciplinary grounds or the granting of an opportunity to make statements; in such a case, even if the disciplinary action was taken without going through such a procedure, this would not affect the validity of the disciplinary action. Furthermore, since the Defendant's rules of employment merely provided that "the disciplinary committee shall be composed of two members each from labor and management" with respect to the composition of the disciplinary committee, without providing any provisions regarding the qualifications or selection procedure of disciplinary committee members, the qualifications or selection procedure of disciplinary committee members could not be separately challenged. Therefore, since the Defendant composed the disciplinary committee in the prescribed form, with two disciplinary committee members each from the labor side and the management side as provided in the rules of employment, and then resolved on the dismissal in this case, it would be difficult to find any procedural defect in the composition merely from the fact that the two labor-side disciplinary committee members were appointed by the Defendant's representative director.

B. Judgment of this Court

First, examining the evidence adopted by the court below in light of the record, the court below's determination that the Defendant notified the Plaintiff in advance of the grounds for the dismissal in this case and gave him an opportunity to explain is justified and acceptable, and there is no illegality such as a violation of the rules of evidence or misapprehension of facts due to incomplete deliberation.

However, it is difficult to accept as it stands the court below's determination that there was no procedural defect in violation of the Defendant's rules of employment regarding the composition of the disciplinary committee, in composing the disciplinary committee with two members each from the labor side and the management side.

According to the record, the Defendant's rules of employment provide that "the disciplinary committee shall be composed of two members each from labor and management," and it can be seen that the Defendant's representative director appointed Nonparty 2, who is the actual owner of the Defendant and the representative director of Nonparty 1 Co., Ltd., whose place of business is identical to that of the Defendant, and Nonparty 3, his spouse, as the management-side disciplinary committee members, and Nonparty 4 and Nonparty 5, who are the Defendant's employees, as the labor-side disciplinary committee members. The provisions on disciplinary procedures in collective agreements, rules of employment, or disciplinary regulations based thereon are of important significance in that they are intended to ensure the fair exercise of disciplinary authority and to promote the rational operation of the disciplinary system (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 90Da8077 rendered on July 9, 1991). Furthermore, if the rules of employment, etc. provide for the composition of the disciplinary committee with an equal number of members from labor and management, this is intended to secure procedural fairness by guaranteeing employees' right to participate in the disciplinary committee through the appointment of disciplinary committee members from among the employees, as well as to check any abuse of disciplinary authority by management. Therefore, although the Defendant's rules of employment do not directly provide for the qualifications and selection procedure of disciplinary committee members, absent special circumstances such as the labor-side disciplinary committee members having previously represented the employees or spoken on behalf of the employees' opinions, it cannot be interpreted that the labor-side disciplinary committee members may be arbitrarily appointed without any process of reflecting the employees' opinions.

Therefore, the court below should have further examined whether there were circumstances indicating that Nonparty 4 and Nonparty 5, who were appointed as labor-side disciplinary committee members, had previously represented the employees or spoken on behalf of the employees' opinions, and whether the Defendant's representative director had gone through a procedure of reflecting the employees' opinions in appointing the labor-side disciplinary committee members (according to the record, the employees of the Defendant and Nonparty 1 Co., Ltd. held a founding general meeting of a labor union and notified the Defendant of the establishment of the labor union prior to the dismissal in this case, and it also appears that most of the employees had joined the Woosin Mutual Aid Association (우신상조회) even before that, with the Woosin Mutual Aid Association having conducted wage negotiations, etc. with the company), and should have determined whether there was a procedural defect in the composition of the disciplinary committee in this case based thereon. Nevertheless, the court below determined that the qualifications or selection procedure of disciplinary committee members could not be challenged, and that it was difficult to find any procedural defect in the composition of the disciplinary committee merely from the fact that the two labor-side disciplinary committee members were appointed by the Defendant's representative director. The judgment below thus fails to conduct the necessary deliberation and errs in its understanding of the legal principles regarding the interpretation of the disciplinary procedure provisions under the rules of employment, and it is clear that this error affected the outcome of the judgment.

2. As to the grounds of appeal regarding the grounds for disciplinary action

A. Judgment of the court below

With respect to the Plaintiff's argument that the failure to pay the transport revenue does not constitute grounds for dismissal, and that even if it does, the dismissal in this case is excessively severe in relation to the grounds therefor and thus exceeds the bounds of disciplinary discretion, the court below rejected this argument, holding as follows: the Plaintiff's act of operating the taxi without paying the fixed quota (사납금, "the quota in this case") in this case and then paying it all at once on April 10, 2003 constitutes either an act of misappropriating the transport revenue or a failure to pay the transport revenue for three days or more, which falls under the grounds for dismissal set forth in Article 36, Item 6 of the Defendant's rules of employment. The court below considered the following circumstances together: (1) although the Plaintiff claims that the reason for the nonpayment of the quota in this case was the difficulty in compensating for the damage caused by the traffic accident he caused on March 15, 2003, the Plaintiff began to fail to pay the quota in this case from around March 13, 2003, which was before the traffic accident occurred, and this was at a point only about three months after the Plaintiff began working as the Defendant's fixed driver; (2) the Defendant not only handled the personal injury and property damage arising from the traffic accident, but also, since the traffic accident occurred due to the Plaintiff's gross negligence, it is difficult to view it as an unjust shifting of responsibility by the Defendant to impose the resulting damage on the employee; (3) although the Plaintiff eventually paid the quota in this case in full, he failed to pay it despite receiving several demands from the Defendant and even notice of the disciplinary committee, and only paid it on the very day the disciplinary committee was held, so it is difficult to expect, from the mere fact of full payment, that the same nonpayment will not be repeated in the future; and (4) there is no clear evidence to recognize that the Plaintiff's unpaid amount was not large or was at an ordinary level, and in light of the fact that Nonparty 6, whom the Plaintiff cites for the sake of equity, was also disciplinarily dismissed by the Defendant, it is difficult to view the dismissal in this case as excessively severe in relation to the grounds therefor and thus lacking in equity. In addition, the court below considered that, since a company operating a taxi transport business ordinarily covers its operating funds with the transport revenue that its drivers pay to the company from operating taxis on a daily basis, and in such a business structure, it is a basic duty of drivers as taxi company drivers to faithfully and regularly pay the transport revenue to the company as stipulated in the wage agreement, etc., a driver's failure to properly perform the duty to pay the transport revenue as stipulated in the wage agreement, etc., absent special circumstances, constitutes a failure to perform the employee's essential and fundamental duty under the employment contract, which not only amounts to a breach of obligation but should generally be considered grounds for dismissal. Taking these circumstances together, the court below found it reasonable to conclude that the employment relationship between the Defendant and the Plaintiff had reached a point where, in light of social norms, its continuation could no longer be expected due to causes attributable to the Plaintiff, and thus rejected the Plaintiff's above argument, finding that the dismissal in this case could not be viewed as exceeding or abusing the bounds of disciplinary discretion.

B. Judgment of this Court

However, the court below's determination that the dismissal in this case cannot be viewed as exceeding or abusing the bounds of disciplinary discretion is difficult to accept for the following reasons.

A dismissal is recognized as justified only where there exists a cause attributable to the employee to the extent that, in light of social norms, the employment relationship can no longer be continued, and whether the employment relationship with the employee concerned has reached such a point that it can no longer be continued in light of social norms must be determined by comprehensively examining various circumstances, including the purpose and nature of the employer's business, the conditions of the workplace, the employee's position and the content of the duties in charge, the motive and circumstances of the misconduct, the risk of disruption to the order of the enterprise arising therefrom and its impact on corporate order, and the employee's past work conduct (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2001Du10455 rendered on May 28, 2002).

According to the record, however, there is no evidence to recognize that the Plaintiff began to be in arrears on the quota in this case from March 13, 2003, before the traffic accident of March 15, 2003; rather, comparing the amount in arrears with the number of days in arrears, it is highly likely that the arrears began after the above traffic accident. Furthermore, according to the Defendant company's daily deposit ledger details for the year 2002, it is confirmed that the Plaintiff paid the quota to the Defendant company from around June 2002, and even considering the three-month probationary period, it appears that the Plaintiff worked as a fixed driver from around September 2002. In addition, the Defendant sent demand letters for faithful payment to those in arrears of 1,000,000 won or more of the quota, and the payment due date stated in the demand letter was April 10, 2003, while the Plaintiff's unpaid quota did not reach 1,000,000 won, such that he did not receive such a demand letter from the Defendant, and the Plaintiff paid all of the unpaid quota in this case by April 10, 2003, the payment due date stated in the demand letter. It can also be seen that drivers employed by the Defendant customarily did not pay the quota on a daily basis but paid it in a lump sum covering 2-3 days' worth, and there were even cases of lump-sum payment covering a week's worth or even 1,000,000 won or more, and the Defendant had no prior record of disciplining employees on this ground, and had paid the diligence allowance so long as the quota for the entire month was paid in full by the end of the month, regardless of whether it was paid daily. Considering these facts together with the circumstance that the Plaintiff's arrears on the quota in this case were due to the difficulty in repaying a daily-interest private loan (일수사채) borrowed to compensate for the damage from the traffic accident of March 15, 2003, and the circumstance that the Plaintiff paid the quota in this case in full immediately before the disciplinary committee was convened, it cannot be concluded that the employment relationship between the Defendant and the Plaintiff had reached a point where, in light of social norms, its continuation could no longer be expected due to causes attributable to the Plaintiff. Therefore, the dismissal in this case can be viewed as excessively harsh and as exceeding the bounds of disciplinary discretion.

Nevertheless, the court below determined that the disciplinary measure of dismissal in this case was appropriate and could not be viewed as exceeding or abusing the bounds of disciplinary discretion. The judgment below thus errs in misapprehending the facts in violation of the rules of evidence, or in misapprehending the legal principles regarding the exceeding of disciplinary discretion, and it is clear that this error affected the outcome of the judgment.

3. Conclusion

Therefore, without determining the remaining grounds of appeal, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination, in accordance with the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices, as set forth in the Order.

Justices Kim Ji-hyung (Presiding Justice), Ko Hyun-chul (Justice in charge), Yang Sung-tae, Jeon Su-an

【판결요지】

[1] 취업규칙 등에서 노·사 동수로 징계위원회를 구성하도록 하고 있다면 이는 근로자들 중에서 징계위원을 위촉하여 징계위원회에 대한 근로자들의 참여권을 보장함으로써 절차적 공정성을 확보함과 아울러 사측의 징계권 남용을 견제하기 위한 것이므로, 취업규칙에 직접적으로 징계위원의 자격과 선임절차에 관하여 규정하고 있지 않더라도, 노측 징계위원들이 이전부터 근로자들을 대표하거나 근로자들의 의견을 대변해 왔다는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 사용자가 근로자들의 의견을 반영하는 과정 없이 임의로 노측 징계위원을 위촉할 수 있다고 해석할 수는 없다.

[2] 원심판결이 택시회사의 운전기사가 운송수입금을 납입하지 않다가 한꺼번에 납입한 것이 운송수입금을 유용하였거나 3일 이상 운송수입금을 납입하지 않은 경우로서 취업규칙에 정한 해고사유에 해당한다고 본 사안에서, 해고된 운전기사가 교통사고의 손해배상을 위하여 빌린 일수사채를 변제하는 데 따른 어려움 때문에 운송수입금을 연체하였고, 다른 운전기사들도 통상적으로 운송수입금을 일일납입하지 않고 2-3일분을 일괄납입하였으며, 택시회사가 종전에 이를 이유로 징계한 사례가 없고, 일일납입 여부와 상관없이 말일까지의 운송수입금이 입금되기만 하면 성실수당을 지급해 왔다는 점 등에 비추어 볼 때 사용자의 해고처분이 지나치게 가혹하여 그 재량권의 범위를 일탈하였다는 등의 이유로 원심판결을 파기한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제30조

[2] 근로기준법 제30조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 7. 9. 선고 90다8077 판결(공1991, 2112) / [2] 대법원 1998. 11. 10. 선고 97누18189 판결(공1998하, 2875), 대법원 2002. 5. 28. 선고 2001두10455 판결(공2002하, 1559), 대법원 2003. 7. 8. 선고 2001두8018 판결(공2003하, 1722)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,227자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 (소송대리인 법무법인 시민 담당변호사 강기탁)

【피고, 피상고인】 유한회사 철원콜택시 (소송대리인 변호사 박문우외 1인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2006. 6. 23. 선고 2005나100627 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】1. 징계절차에 관한 상고이유에 대하여

가. 원심의 판단

원심은, 징계사유를 사전에 통보받거나 그에 관하여 소명할 기회를 부여받지 못하였고, 징계위원회 구성에도 중대한 하자가 있다는 원고의 주장에 대하여, 피고가 원고에게 사전에 이 사건 해고사유를 알려주고 소명할 기회를 주었을 뿐만 아니라 피고의 취업규칙에 징계사유의 사전통고와 진술기회 부여에 관한 절차가 규정되어 있지 않은바, 이러한 경우 그러한 절차를 거치지 아니하고 징계처분을 하였다고 하더라도 징계의 효력에는 영향이 없는 것이고, 피고의 취업규칙에 징계위원회의 구성에 관하여 ‘징계위원회는 노·사 각 2명으로 구성하여’라고만 되어 있을 뿐 징계위원의 자격이나 선임절차에 관하여는 아무런 규정을 두고 있지 아니하므로, 징계위원의 자격이나 선임절차에 대하여 따로 문제 삼을 수 없다고 할 것이어서, 피고가 취업규칙에 정해진 바에 따라 노측 및 사측 징계위원 각 2명으로 하여 규정된 형식을 갖추어 징계위원회를 구성한 다음 이 사건 해고를 결의한 이상, 노측 징계위원 2명이 피고 대표이사에 의하여 위촉되었다는 사실만으로 그 구성에 어떠한 절차적 하자가 있다고 보기는 어렵다고 판단하여, 이를 배척하였다.

나. 이 법원의 판단

먼저 원심이 채택한 증거들을 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 피고가 원고에게 사전에 이 사건 해고사유를 알려주고 소명할 기회를 주었다고 본 원심의 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍이 가고, 거기에 채증법칙 위배 또는 심리미진으로 인한 사실오인 등의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

그러나 원심이 노측 및 사측 징계위원 각 2명으로 하여 징계위원회를 구성한 것에 징계위원회의 구성에 관한 피고의 취업규칙을 위반한 절차적 하자가 없다고 판단한 것은 그대로 수긍하기 어렵다.

기록에 의하면, 피고의 취업규칙에는 "징계위원회는 노·사 각 2명으로 구성한다."고 규정되어 있고, 피고 대표이사는 피고의 실질적 사주이면서 사업장이 피고와 동일한 소외 1 주식회사 대표이사인 소외 2와 그 처인 소외 3을 사측 징계위원으로, 피고 근로자인 소외 4, 소외 5를 노측 징계위원으로 각 위촉하였음을 알 수 있는바, 단체협약이나 취업규칙 또는 이에 근거를 둔 징계규정에서 징계절차를 규정한 것은 징계권의 공정한 행사를 확보하고 징계제도의 합리적인 운영을 도모하기 위한 것으로서 중요한 의미를 갖는 것이고(대법원 1991. 7. 9. 선고 90다8077 판결 등 참조), 나아가 취업규칙 등에서 노·사 동수로 징계위원회를 구성하도록 하고 있다면 이는 근로자들 중에서 징계위원을 위촉하여 징계위원회에 대한 근로자들의 참여권을 보장함으로써 절차적 공정성을 확보함과 아울러 사측의 징계권 남용을 견제하기 위한 것이라고 할 것이므로, 피고의 취업규칙에 직접적으로 징계위원의 자격과 선임절차에 관해서 규정하고 있지는 않지만, 노측 징계위원들이 이전부터 근로자들을 대표하거나 근로자들의 의견을 대변해왔다는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로자들의 의견을 반영하는 과정 없이 임의로 노측 징계위원을 위촉할 수 있는 것으로까지 해석할 수는 없다고 할 것이다.

따라서 원심으로서는 노측 징계위원으로 위촉된 소외 4, 소외 5가 이전부터 근로자들을 대표하거나 근로자들의 의견을 대변해온 사정이 있는지 여부나 피고 대표이사가 노측 징계위원을 위촉함에 있어 근로자들의 의견을 반영하는 절차를 거친 사실이 있는지 여부(기록에 의하면, 피고와 소외 1 주식회사의 근로자들은 이 사건 해고 전에 노동조합 창립총회를 개최하고 노동조합설립을 피고에게 통지한 바 있고, 또 그 전부터 근로자들 대부분이 우신상조회에 가입하여 우신상조회가 회사와 임금협상 등을 해온 것으로 보인다)에 관하여 좀 더 심리하여 이 사건 징계위원회 구성에 절차적 하자가 있는지 여부를 판단하였어야 함에도 불구하고, 징계위원의 자격이나 선임절차에 대하여는 문제 삼을 수 없다고 하면서 노측 징계위원 2명이 피고 대표이사에 의하여 위촉되었다는 사실만으로 징계위원회 구성에 어떠한 절차적 하자가 있다고 보기는 어렵다고 판단하였으니, 원심판결에는 필요한 심리를 다하지 아니하고 취업규칙상 징계절차규정의 해석에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있고, 이는 판결 결과에 영향을 미쳤음이 분명하다.

2. 징계사유에 관한 상고이유에 대하여

가. 원심의 판단

원심은, 운송수입금 미납은 해고사유에 해당하지 않고, 그렇지 않더라도 이 사건 해고는 그 사유에 비해 지나치게 중하여 징계재량권을 일탈하였다는 원고의 주장에 대하여, 원고가 택시운행을 하고도 이 사건 사납금을 납입하지 않다가 2003. 4. 10. 이를 한꺼번에 납입한 것은 운송수입금을 유용한 행위이거나 3일 이상 운송수입금을 납입하지 않은 경우로서 피고의 취업규칙 제36조 제6호에서 정하고 있는 해고사유에 해당한다고 하면서, ① 원고가 이 사건 사납금을 미납한 이유라는 것은 2003. 3. 15. 일으킨 교통사고로 인한 손해를 보상하는 데 따른 어려움 때문이라고 하지만, 원고가 이 사건 사납금을 미납하기 시작한 것은 위 교통사고가 발생하기 이전인 2003. 3. 13.경부터이고, 이는 원고가 피고의 고정승무기사로 근무하기 시작한 지 3개월 남짓 밖에 지나지 아니한 시점인 점, ② 피고가 위 교통사고로 인하여 발생한 손해 중 대인·대물 손해를 처리하여 주었을 뿐 아니라, 위 교통사고는 원고의 중대한 과실로 발생한 사고이므로 그로 인하여 발생한 손해를 근로자에게 부담시킨다는 것이 피고의 부당한 책임전가라고 보기는 어려운 점, ③ 원고가 비록 이 사건 사납금을 완납하였으나, 피고로부터 수차례 독촉을 받고 징계위원회 통지까지 받았음에도 불구하고 납입하지 아니하다가 징계위원회 개최 당일 비로소 납부한 것이므로 완납하였다는 사실만으로 앞으로 동일한 미납행위가 반복되지 않으리라고 기대하기는 어렵다고 보이는 점, ④ 원고의 미납액이 큰 편이 아니거나 통상적인 수준이라고 인정할 만한 뚜렷한 자료가 없을 뿐 아니라, 원고가 형평성을 내세우는 소외 6의 경우 피고로부터 징계해고를 당한 사실에 비추어 이 사건 해고가 사유에 비하여 지나치게 중하여 형평성이 없다고 보기 어려운 점 등의 사정과 택시운송사업을 영위하는 회사로서는 운영자금을 소속 운전기사들이 매일 택시를 운행하여 회사에 납입하는 운송수입금으로 충당하는 것이 보통이고 이와 같은 영업구조에서 운전기사들이 임금협정 등에서 정한 바에 따라 성실하고 규칙적으로 운송수입금을 회사에 납입하여야 하는 것은 택시회사 운전기사로서의 기본적 의무이므로, 운전기사가 특별한 사정이 없는데도 임금협정 등에서 정한 운송수입금의 납입의무를 제대로 이행하지 아니하는 것은 근로계약에 따른 근로자의 본질적이고 기본적인 의무를 이행하지 아니하는 것으로서 이는 채무불이행이 될 뿐 아니라 일반적으로 해고사유가 된다고 보아야 하는 점을 종합하여 보면, 피고와 원고 사이의 근로관계는 사회통념상 원고의 귀책사유로 더 이상 그 계속을 기대하기 어려울 정도에 이르게 되었다고 보는 것이 상당하므로, 이 사건 해고가 징계재량권을 일탈하거나 남용한 것이라고 볼 수는 없다고 판단하여 원고의 위 주장을 배척하였다.

나. 이 법원의 판단

그러나 원심이 이 사건 해고가 징계재량권을 일탈하거나 남용한 것이라고 볼 수 없다고 판단한 것은 다음과 같은 이유에서 수긍하기 어렵다.

해고는 사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있는 경우에 행하여져야 그 정당성이 인정되는 것이고, 사회통념상 당해 근로자와의 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도인지의 여부는 당해 사용자의 사업의 목적과 성격, 사업장의 여건, 당해 근로자의 지위 및 담당직무의 내용, 비위행위의 동기와 경위, 이로 인하여 기업의 위계질서가 문란하게 될 위험성 등 기업질서에 미칠 영향, 과거의 근무태도 등 여러 가지 사정을 종합적으로 검토하여 판단하여야 한다(대법원 2002. 5. 28. 선고 2001두10455 판결 등 참조).

그런데 기록에 의하면, 원고가 이 사건 사납금을 연체하기 시작한 것이 2003. 3. 15. 자 교통사고 전인 2003. 3. 13.부터임을 인정할 증거가 없고, 오히려 연체액과 연체일수를 비교해 보면 위 교통사고 이후부터 연체하기 시작하였을 가능성이 크며, 피고 회사 2002년도 일일입금장부내역서에 의하면, 원고가 2002. 6.경부터 피고 회사에 사납금을 납입한 것이 확인되는데, 시용기간 3개월을 참작하더라도 원고는 2002. 9.경부터는 고정승무기사로 근무하였던 것으로 보이는 점, 피고는 100만 원 이상의 사납금 미납자들에게 성실납입 독촉장을 발송하였고, 그 독촉장에는 납입기일이 2003. 4. 10.로 기재되어 있는데, 원고는 미납된 사납금이 100만 원에 미달해 피고로부터 위와 같은 독촉장을 받은 사실이 없고, 독촉장 납입기일인 2003. 4. 10.에는 미납된 이 사건 사납금을 모두 납부한 점, 피고 소속 운전기사들은 사납금을 일일납입하지 않고 2-3일분을 일괄납입하는 것이 통상이었고, 일주일분, 심지어 100만 원 이상을 일괄납입하는 경우도 있었는데, 피고가 종전에 이를 이유로 징계한 사례가 없고, 일일납입 여부와 상관없이 말일까지의 사납금이 모두 입금되기만 하면 성실수당을 지급해온 점 등을 알 수 있고, 여기에 원고가 이 사건 사납금을 연체한 것이 2003. 3. 15. 자 교통사고의 손해배상을 위해 빌린 일수사채를 변제하는 데 따른 어려움 때문이라는 점과 원고가 징계위원회 개최 직전 이 사건 사납금을 모두 납입한 사정 등을 종합해 보면, 피고와 원고 사이의 근로관계가 사회통념상 원고의 귀책사유로 더 이상 그 계속을 기대하기 어려울 정도에 이르게 되었다고 볼 수는 없고, 따라서 이 사건 해고는 지나치게 가혹하여 그 재량권의 범위를 일탈한 것으로 볼 수 있다고 할 것이다.

그럼에도 불구하고, 원심은 이 사건 해고가 징계양정이 적정하여 징계재량권을 일탈하거나 남용한 것이라고 볼 수는 없다고 판단하였으니, 원심판결에는 채증법칙을 위반하여 사실을 오인하거나, 징계재량권 일탈에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있고, 이는 판결 결과에 영향을 미쳤음이 분명하다.

3. 결 론

그러므로 나머지 상고이유에 대한 판단을 생략한 채, 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김지형(재판장) 고현철(주심) 양승태 전수안

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2005나100627 · 서울고등법원 2006-06-23
해고무효확인및임금
#2
96다47074 · 대법원 1997-05-16
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#3
87가합5193 · 서울민사지법 1988-05-18
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#4
92다19910 · 대법원 1992-08-18
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal
#5
87나2376 · 서울고법 1988-06-17
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal

Cases citing this decision

2014다13457 · 대법원 2017-05-17
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
2015두54759 · 대법원 2016-11-24
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
2007두1460 · 대법원 2007-05-31
부당해고·부당대기발령등구제재심판정취소
2006다49901 · 대법원 2006-11-23
해고무효확인및임금

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)