Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2024다286933

Unjust Enrichment (부당이득금)부당이득금

Decided2025. 09. 25. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) — the lower court's method of calculating average wage was found erroneous, and the case was sent back for recalculation in line with the Supreme Court's guidance.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addressed how to calculate average wage (평균임금) for severance pay (퇴직금) purposes for a hair salon employee whose pay was based on commissions from prepaid service vouchers (선불권). The Supreme Court held that if simply deducting commissions for services not yet performed during the last three months before retirement results in an average wage significantly lower than the employee's ordinary living wage, the average wage must be recalculated using a reasonable alternative method. It further ruled that if the resulting wage falls below the statutory minimum wage, severance pay must be calculated based on the wage rate required under the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법).

Key takeaways
  • CaseA hair salon employee's severance pay was calculated using a commission-based wage system involving prepaid service vouchers, leading to disputes over how to compute average wage.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that mechanical deduction methods that produce artificially low average wages are improper, and remanded the case for recalculation using a fairer method, with reference to the Minimum Wage Act if necessary.
  • LessonEmployers using commission-based or voucher-based pay systems must ensure severance pay calculations reflect employees' true ordinary living wage and comply with minimum wage standards.
Issues
  • How should average wage (평균임금) be calculated for severance pay purposes under a wage system based on commissions from prepaid service voucher sales?
  • How should average wage be calculated when commissions for unperformed services are deducted from prepaid voucher sales commissions during the three months before retirement?
  • How can average wage calculation reflect the worker's ordinary living wage under an atypical wage structure?
  • How should severance pay be calculated for workers whose wages fall below the statutory minimum wage?
Key reasoning

The Court reasoned that simply deducting commissions attributable to services not yet performed from the prepaid voucher sales revenue during the three months before retirement is likely to produce an average wage far below the employee's actual, ordinary living wage. Because the purpose of average wage calculation is to reflect the worker's normal standard of living wage, courts must use a reasonable and equitable method suited to this atypical, commission-based wage structure rather than a mechanical deduction. Additionally, where the calculated wage falls short of the minimum wage guaranteed under the Minimum Wage Act, severance pay must instead be based on the wage level required by that Act, ensuring workers are not disadvantaged by low or irregular commission-based pay structures.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] The total amount of wages that forms the basis for calculating average wages includes all money and valuables paid by the employer to the employee as consideration for labor, provided that such payments are made continuously and regularly to the employee and the employer is obligated to make such payments under a collective agreement, employment rules, etc., regardless of the name given to such payments. However, payments made on an occasional basis where the occurrence of the grounds for payment is uncertain cannot be regarded as wages. Also, whether such payments can be included in the average wage that forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance should, absent special circumstances, be determined based on the time of retirement.

[2] Even if the average wage has been calculated in accordance with the principles set forth by the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 시행령), etc., if there was a change in the amount of wages due to special and coincidental circumstances during a certain period around the time of the employee's retirement, and as a result, the average wage calculated as above is recognized, upon comprehensive evaluation of all relevant circumstances including the employee's entire period of employment, the length of the certain period during which the wage amount changed, and the degree of the change in wage amount, to be exceptionally and significantly lower or higher than it would be in ordinary cases, then calculating retirement allowance based on such average wage cannot be permitted in light of the spirit of the Labor Standards Act, which seeks to calculate retirement allowance based on the employee's ordinary living wage. In such cases, the average wage must be separately calculated using another reasonable and appropriate method that can accurately reflect the employee's ordinary living wage.

The "special and coincidental circumstances around the time of the employee's retirement," which cause the average wage calculated in accordance with the principles set forth by laws and regulations such as the Labor Standards Act to become significantly lower or higher than in ordinary cases, may arise not only from the employee's personal circumstances but also from various causes such as the form of labor provision, changes in the method of payment or calculation of wages, and the like. In particular, such circumstances may arise from the inherent characteristics of an atypical wage system, such as one in which a certain amount is paid in advance on the premise of future performance achievement and is later settled through adjustment. Therefore, when calculating the retirement allowance of an employee subject to such a wage system, it is necessary to examine the substance of the employment relationship, including the content and characteristics of the relevant wage system, so as not to contravene the purpose of the average wage system, which is to accurately reflect the employee's ordinary living wage.

[3] Article 6(1) of the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법) provides that "an employer shall pay wages not less than the minimum wage amount to an employee subject to the minimum wage," and Article 6(3) of the same Act provides that "any portion of a labor contract between an employee subject to the minimum wage and an employer that sets wages at an amount lower than the minimum wage amount shall be null and void, and in such case, the void portion shall be deemed to have provided for payment of wages equal to the minimum wage amount set by this Act."

Where a retired employee has received wages lower than the minimum wage, the employer is obligated to pay a retirement allowance calculated on the basis of an average wage that includes not only the wages actually paid to the employee during the three months prior to the date of retirement, but also the unpaid amount of wages that should have naturally been paid pursuant to the Minimum Wage Act.

[4] In a case where Gap worked at a beauty salon operated by Eul and others, receiving only commissions based on sales, such as from prepaid vouchers for beauty treatments, without any base pay or fixed salary, and the issue was whether, in calculating the average wage for the purpose of computing Gap's retirement allowance, the amount that Gap should have refunded to Eul and others for prepaid vouchers for which treatment was not provided should be deducted from the "commission from the sale of prepaid vouchers" that Gap received from Eul and others during the three months prior to retirement: the Supreme Court held as follows. Gap had received only commissions from the sale of prepaid vouchers, without any base pay or fixed salary, and given the nature of beauty treatment services, a significant portion of the prepaid vouchers sold during the three months prior to retirement would result in the corresponding treatment becoming impossible to provide due to the retirement. Considering the form of labor provision and the content and characteristics of the wage calculation method as described above, if the average wage were calculated simply based on the remaining amount after deducting the commission for unperformed treatments from the commissions Gap received during the three months prior to retirement, there is a high likelihood that this amount would be significantly lower than the ordinary living wage Gap received over his entire period of employment. Furthermore, if the commission for unperformed treatments among the prepaid vouchers sold during that period is to be excluded from the total wages for the three months prior to retirement, then, in fairness, the commission corresponding to treatments performed during that period for vouchers sold prior to that period should be included. Therefore, if the average wage calculated based on the remaining amount, after deducting from the commissions Gap received from prepaid voucher sales during the three months prior to retirement the commission corresponding to the portion for which Gap did not perform treatment, turns out to be significantly lower than in ordinary cases, then the average wage must be calculated using another reasonable and appropriate method that can accurately reflect the employee's ordinary living wage. Furthermore, if the wages Gap received during at least the three months prior to retirement fall short of the minimum wage, then the retirement allowance to be paid to Gap must be calculated on the basis of an average wage that includes the unpaid amount of wages that should have naturally been paid pursuant to the Minimum Wage Act. The Supreme Court held that the court below, having made a determination contrary to the foregoing, erred in rendering "a determination contrary to Supreme Court precedent" as provided in Article 3, Subparagraph 2 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Speedy Trial of Small Claims (소액사건심판법).

Full text (English, AI translation) 12,324 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants and Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 2 others (Attorney-in-fact: YOOST Law Firm, Attorney Song Oh-geun)
[Defendant, Appellee and Appellant] Defendant (Attorneys: Seo In-gyo and 1 other)
[Lower Court Judgment] Changwon District Court Judgment 2021Na66927, decided August 29, 2024

[Order]

The part of the lower court judgment concerning the defense of set-off, in which the Defendant lost, is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Changwon District Court. The Plaintiffs' appeal and the remainder of the Defendant's appeal are all dismissed.

[Reasoning]

1. As to the Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal
This case is a small claims case to which the Small Claims Act (소액사건심판법) applies, and the Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal merely dispute the lower court's factual findings regarding the Defendant's status as an employee or its determination not to accept the motion to reopen the oral argument, and therefore do not constitute grounds of appeal as prescribed in Article 3 of the Small Claims Act.

2. As to the Defendant's grounds of appeal
A. First ground of appeal
1) Relevant legal principles
A) The total wages that form the basis for calculating average wages include all money and valuables paid by the employer to the employee as compensation for labor, which are paid continuously and regularly to the employee and for which the employer is obligated to pay under a collective agreement, employment rules, etc., regardless of their name; however, items whose payment is contingent on uncertain events and which are paid only temporarily cannot be regarded as wages. Furthermore, whether such items may be included in the average wage that forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance must, absent special circumstances, be determined as of the time of retirement (see Supreme Court Decision 2001Da16722, decided June 11, 2002; Supreme Court Decision 2004Da41217, decided September 9, 2005, etc.).

Moreover, even where the average wage has been calculated in accordance with the principles prescribed by the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and its Enforcement Decree (근로기준법 시행령), etc., if there was a fluctuation in wage amount due to special and coincidental circumstances during a certain period around the time of the employee's retirement, and as a result the average wage so calculated is found, upon comprehensive evaluation of all relevant circumstances including the employee's entire period of employment, the length of the period during which the wage fluctuated, and the degree of the wage fluctuation, to be exceptionally and significantly lower or higher than would ordinarily be the case, then calculating the retirement allowance on such a basis is not permissible in light of the purpose of the Labor Standards Act, which is to calculate retirement allowances based on the employee's ordinary living wage; in such a case, the average wage must be separately calculated by another reasonable and appropriate method that can faithfully reflect the employee's ordinary living wage (see Supreme Court Decision 2017Da281817, decided December 10, 2020, etc.).

The "special and coincidental circumstances around the time of an employee's retirement," which cause the average wage calculated in accordance with the principles prescribed by statutes such as the Labor Standards Act to become significantly lower or higher than would ordinarily be the case, may arise not only from the employee's personal circumstances but also from various causes such as the form of labor provided and changes in the method of payment or calculation of wages, and in particular may sometimes arise from the inherent characteristics of an atypical wage system in which a certain amount is paid in advance on the premise of future performance achievement and is subsequently settled. Therefore, in calculating the retirement allowance of an employee subject to such a wage system, it is necessary to examine the substance of the employment relationship, including the content and characteristics of the relevant wage system, so as not to contravene the purpose of the average wage system, which is to faithfully reflect the employee's ordinary living wage.

B) Article 6(1) of the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법) provides that "an employer shall pay wages not less than the minimum wage to an employee subject to the minimum wage," and Article 6(3) of the same Act provides that "any portion of a labor contract between an employee subject to the minimum wage and an employer that sets wages below the minimum wage amount shall be null and void, and in such a case, the invalidated portion shall be deemed to have set wages equal to the minimum wage amount prescribed by this Act."

Where a retired employee has been receiving wages below the minimum wage, the employer is obligated to pay a retirement allowance calculated on the basis of an average wage that includes not only the wages actually paid to the employee during the three months preceding the date of retirement, but also any unpaid amount of the wages that should naturally have been paid pursuant to the Minimum Wage Act (see Supreme Court Decision 2012Da70388, decided October 27, 2014).

2) According to the reasoning of the lower court judgment and the record, the following facts may be ascertained.

A) The Defendant worked at the hair salon operated by the Plaintiffs from April 1, 2014 to June 24, 2020, and from May 1, 2017, received no base pay or fixed wage, but only commissions based on sales, including prepaid service vouchers ("seonbulgwon") for beauty treatments.

B) Plaintiff 1 was sentenced to a fine of KRW 3,000,000 for the criminal offense of "having failed, without an agreement between the parties to extend the payment deadline, to pay the Defendant, who had worked as a hair designer from April 1, 2014 to June 24, 2020 and then retired, the June 2020 wages of KRW 3,855,538 and the retirement allowance of KRW 4,753,627, respectively, within 14 days from the date of retirement."

C) The Plaintiffs, through this action, sought a settlement amount, etc., following termination of contract, against the Defendant, arguing that the Defendant, as a hair designer, entered into a business entrustment agreement whereby the Defendant would provide beauty services to customers and receive commissions at a certain rate based on sales of prepaid service vouchers, and that upon termination of the agreement, the portion of the prepaid voucher sales for which the beauty treatment had not actually been performed was to be settled and paid to the Plaintiffs, and that the Defendant became unable to perform any further beauty treatments due to the Defendant's resignation on June 24, 2020.

3) The lower court determined: (i) that the Defendant was obligated to pay the Plaintiffs a settlement amount of KRW 17,801,158 pursuant to the commission repayment agreement; and (ii) with respect to the Defendant's defense of set-off asserting a retirement allowance claim of KRW 30,730,498, that in calculating the average wage for the purpose of calculating the retirement allowance, the amount that the Defendant must return to the Plaintiffs for treatments not performed should be deducted from the "commission from sales of prepaid vouchers" received by the Defendant from the Plaintiffs during the three months preceding retirement, and, based on the average wage calculated accordingly, recognized a retirement allowance of KRW 4,753,627; the lower court then set off this retirement allowance claim as an automatic claim and ordered payment of the remaining KRW 13,047,531 and delay damages thereon.

4) However, in light of the relevant legal principles, the lower court's determination regarding the calculation of the Defendant's retirement allowance is difficult to accept.

A) From May 1, 2017 onward, the Defendant received no base pay or fixed wage, but only commissions based on sales of prepaid vouchers. Given the nature of beauty treatment services, a substantial portion of the prepaid vouchers sold during the three months preceding retirement will, due to the retirement, never be matched with the corresponding treatment. Considering the form of labor provided and the content and characteristics of this method of wage calculation, if the average wage is calculated simply on the basis of the remaining amount after deducting the commission for untreated portions from the commissions received by the Defendant during the three months preceding retirement, there is a high likelihood that the resulting figure will be significantly lower than the ordinary living wage that the Defendant received over the entire period of employment.

If the commission for the untreated portion of prepaid vouchers sold during the three months preceding retirement is to be excluded from the total wages for that period, then, in fairness, the commission corresponding to the portion of prepaid vouchers sold prior to that period but for which treatment was performed during that period should be included.

B) Furthermore, it is mathematically evident that the average wage for the three months preceding retirement as found by the lower court (KRW 25,400 per day, obtained by dividing the total commission of KRW 2,336,886 for the three months from March 25, 2020 to June 24, 2020 by 92 days) falls short of the minimum wage amount (the 2020 minimum hourly wage of KRW 8,590, or KRW 68,720 based on an 8-hour workday), and therefore there is room for the average wage, reflecting at least the minimum wage, to be recalculated as the basis for the retirement allowance.

5) Accordingly, the lower court should have examined whether the average wage calculated on the basis of the remaining amount, after deducting from the commission for prepaid voucher sales received by the Defendant during the three months preceding retirement the commission corresponding to the portion for which the Defendant did not perform treatment, was significantly lower than would ordinarily be the case; and if so, it should have calculated the average wage by another reasonable and appropriate method capable of faithfully reflecting the employee's ordinary living wage. At the very least, it should have examined whether the wages received by the Defendant during the three months preceding retirement fell short of the minimum wage, and should have calculated the retirement allowance to be paid to the Defendant on the basis of an average wage that includes any unpaid amount of the wages that should naturally have been paid pursuant to the Minimum Wage Act.

Nevertheless, without examining whether the average wage was calculated at a significantly lower amount in light of the content and characteristics of the wage system at issue in this case, the lower court, based solely on the reasoning set forth in its judgment, calculated the average wage using only the remaining amount after deducting the commission for untreated portions from the commissions received by the Defendant during the three months preceding retirement. Such determination by the lower court contains an error that affected the judgment by making "a determination contrary to Supreme Court precedent" as prescribed in Article 3(2) of the Small Claims Act with respect to the calculation of the average wage. The Defendant's argument on this point in the grounds of appeal is well-founded.

B. Second ground of appeal
This case is a small claims case to which the Small Claims Act applies, and the Defendant's argument on this point merely disputes the lower court's factual findings or interpretation of the legal act regarding the existence of the agreement to return commissions for untreated services, and therefore does not constitute a ground of appeal as prescribed in Article 3 of the Small Claims Act.

3. Conclusion
Therefore, the part of the lower court judgment concerning the defense of set-off, in which the Defendant lost, is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the lower court for further hearing and determination; the Plaintiffs' appeal and the remainder of the Defendant's appeal are all dismissed. This Judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Eom Sang-pil (Presiding Justice), Oh Kyung-mi (Justice in Charge), Kwon Yeong-jun, Park Young-jae

【판결요지】

[1] 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금품으로서 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 그 지급에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있으면 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함되나, 지급사유의 발생이 불확정이고 일시적으로 지급되는 것은 임금이라고 볼 수 없으며, 또한 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 산입될 수 있는지는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 퇴직 당시를 기준으로 판단하여야 한다.

[2] 근로기준법 및 근로기준법 시행령 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하였다고 하더라도, 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 위와 같이 산정된 평균임금이 근로자의 전체 근로기간, 임금액이 변동된 일정 기간의 장단, 임금액 변동의 정도 등을 비롯한 제반 사정을 종합적으로 평가해 볼 때 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 것으로 인정되는 예외적인 경우라면, 이를 기초로 퇴직금을 산출하는 것은 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 기준으로 퇴직금을 산출하고자 하는 근로기준법의 정신에 비추어 허용될 수 없는 것이므로, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 따로 산정하여야 한다.

근로기준법 등 법령이 정한 원칙에 따라 산정한 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 되는 원인으로서 ‘근로자의 퇴직에 즈음한 특수하고 우연한 사정’은, 근로자의 개인적 사정 외에도 근로제공의 형태, 임금의 지급·산정방법 변동 등과 같은 다양한 사유로 발생할 수 있고, 특히 향후 실적 달성을 전제로 일정 금액을 선지급받았다가 정산을 거치는 등의 비전형적인 임금체계의 고유한 특성에서 비롯된 경우도 있다. 따라서 그와 같은 임금체계의 적용을 받는 근로자의 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어서는 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영하려는 평균임금 제도의 취지에 반하지 않도록 해당 임금체계의 내용, 특성을 비롯한 근로관계의 실질을 고찰할 필요가 있다.

[3] 최저임금법 제6조 제1항은 "사용자는 최저임금의 적용을 받는 근로자에게 최저임금액 이상의 임금을 지급하여야 한다."라고 규정하고, 같은 조 제3항은 "최저임금의 적용을 받는 근로자와 사용자 사이의 근로계약 중 최저임금액에 미치지 못하는 금액을 임금으로 정한 부분은 무효로 하며, 이 경우 무효로 된 부분은 이 법으로 정한 최저임금액과 동일한 임금을 지급하기로 한 것으로 본다."라고 규정하고 있다.

사용자로서는 퇴직한 근로자가 최저임금에 미달하는 임금을 받아 왔던 경우에는 퇴직일 이전 3개월 동안 근로자에게 실제로 지급된 임금뿐만 아니라 최저임금법에 따라 당연히 지급받아야 할 임금 중 지급되지 아니한 금액이 포함된 평균임금을 기초로 산정한 퇴직금을 지급할 의무가 있다.

[4] 甲이 乙 등이 운영하는 미용실에서 근무하면서 기본급이나 고정급 없이 미용시술에 관한 선불권 등 매출에 따른 수수료만을 지급받았는데, 甲의 퇴직금 산정을 위한 평균임금을 산정할 때 甲이 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 乙 등으로부터 지급받은 ‘선불권 판매로 인한 수수료’에서 ‘甲이 시술하지 않아 乙 등에게 반환해야 하는 금원’이 공제되어야 하는지 문제 된 사안에서, 甲은 기본급이나 고정급 없이 선불권 판매에 따른 수수료만을 지급받아 왔고, 미용시술의 특성상 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 판매한 선불권 중 상당 부분은 퇴직으로 인하여 그에 상응하는 시술을 할 수 없게 되는데, 그와 같은 근로제공의 형태와 임금산정 방식의 내용, 특성을 고려하면, 단순히 甲이 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 지급받은 수수료 중 미시술분 수수료를 공제한 나머지 금액을 기준으로 평균임금을 산정하게 되면 甲이 전체 근로기간에 지급받은 통상적인 생활임금보다 현저하게 적게 될 가능성이 크고, 甲의 퇴직 전 3개월 동안의 임금 총액에 해당 기간 판매된 선불권 중 미시술분 수수료가 제외되어야 한다면 공평의 원칙상 그 이전에 판매된 선불권 중 위 기간에 시술이 이루어진 부분에 해당하는 수수료는 포함되어야 하므로, 甲이 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 지급받은 선불권 판매 수수료에서 甲이 시술하지 않은 부분에 해당하는 수수료를 공제한 나머지 금원을 기초로 산정된 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적다면 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 산정하여야 하고, 적어도 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 甲이 수령한 임금이 최저임금에 미달한다면 최저임금법에 따라 당연히 지급되어야 할 임금 중 지급되지 아니한 금액이 포함된 평균임금을 기초로 甲에게 지급될 퇴직금을 산정하여야 하는데도, 이와 달리 본 원심판단에 소액사건심판법 제3조 제2호에서 정한 ‘대법원의 판례에 상반되는 판단’을 한 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제6호, 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조 제1항

[2] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제6호, 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조 제1항

[3] 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제3항, 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조 제1항

[4] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제6호, 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조 제1항, 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제3항, 소액사건심판법 제3조 제2호

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2002. 6. 11. 선고 2001다16722 판결(공2002하, 1610), 대법원 2005. 9. 9. 선고 2004다41217 판결(공2005하, 1588) / [2] 대법원 2020. 12. 10. 선고 2017다281817 판결 / [3] 대법원 2014. 10. 27. 선고 2012다70388 판결(공2014하, 2229)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,584자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인 겸 피상고인】 원고 1 외 2인 (소송대리인 법무법인 유스트 담당변호사 송오근)

【피고, 피상고인 겸 상고인】 피고 (소송대리인 변호사 서인교 외 1인)

【원심판결】 창원지법 2024. 8. 29. 선고 2021나66927 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 상계항변에 관한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 창원지방법원에 환송한다. 원고들의 상고 및 피고의 나머지 상고를 모두 기각한다.

【이 유】 1. 원고들의 상고이유에 관하여

이 사건은 소액사건심판법이 적용되는 소액사건인데 원고들의 상고이유 주장은 피고의 근로자성에 관한 사실인정이나 변론재개 신청을 받아들이지 않은 원심판단을 다투는 것에 불과하여 소액사건심판법 제3조에서 정한 상고이유에 해당하지 아니한다.

2. 피고의 상고이유에 관하여

가. 제1 상고이유

1) 관련 법리

가) 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금품으로서 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 그 지급에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있으면 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함되나, 지급사유의 발생이 불확정이고 일시적으로 지급되는 것은 임금이라고 볼 수 없으며, 또한 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 산입될 수 있는지 여부는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 퇴직 당시를 기준으로 판단하여야 한다(대법원 2002. 6. 11. 선고 2001다16722 판결, 대법원 2005. 9. 9. 선고 2004다41217 판결 등 참조).

나아가 근로기준법 및 근로기준법 시행령 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하였다고 하더라도, 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 위와 같이 산정된 평균임금이 근로자의 전체 근로기간, 임금액이 변동된 일정 기간의 장단, 임금액 변동의 정도 등을 비롯한 제반 사정을 종합적으로 평가해 볼 때 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 것으로 인정되는 예외적인 경우라면, 이를 기초로 퇴직금을 산출하는 것은 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 기준으로 퇴직금을 산출하고자 하는 근로기준법의 정신에 비추어 허용될 수 없는 것이므로, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 따로 산정하여야 한다(대법원 2020. 12. 10. 선고 2017다281817 판결 등 참조).

근로기준법 등 법령이 정한 원칙에 따라 산정한 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 되는 원인으로서 ‘근로자의 퇴직에 즈음한 특수하고 우연한 사정’은, 근로자의 개인적 사정 외에도 근로제공의 형태, 임금의 지급·산정방법 변동 등과 같은 다양한 사유로 발생할 수 있고, 특히 향후 실적 달성을 전제로 일정 금액을 선지급받았다가 정산을 거치는 등의 비전형적인 임금체계의 고유한 특성에서 비롯된 경우도 있다. 따라서 그와 같은 임금체계의 적용을 받는 근로자의 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어서는 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영하려는 평균임금 제도의 취지에 반하지 않도록 해당 임금체계의 내용, 특성을 비롯한 근로관계의 실질을 고찰할 필요가 있다.

나) 최저임금법 제6조 제1항은 "사용자는 최저임금의 적용을 받는 근로자에게 최저임금액 이상의 임금을 지급하여야 한다."라고 규정하고, 같은 조 제3항은 "최저임금의 적용을 받는 근로자와 사용자 사이의 근로계약 중 최저임금액에 미치지 못하는 금액을 임금으로 정한 부분은 무효로 하며, 이 경우 무효로 된 부분은 이 법으로 정한 최저임금액과 동일한 임금을 지급하기로 한 것으로 본다."라고 규정하고 있다.

사용자로서는 퇴직한 근로자가 최저임금에 미달하는 임금을 받아 왔던 경우에는 퇴직일 이전 3개월 동안 근로자에게 실제로 지급된 임금뿐만 아니라 최저임금법에 따라 당연히 지급받아야 할 임금 중 지급되지 아니한 금액이 포함된 평균임금을 기초로 산정한 퇴직금을 지급할 의무가 있다(대법원 2014. 10. 27. 선고 2012다70388 판결 참조).

2) 원심판결 이유와 기록에 의하면, 다음 사실을 알 수 있다.

가) 피고는 원고들이 운영하는 미용실에서 2014. 4. 1.부터 2020. 6. 24.까지 근무하였는데, 2017. 5. 1.부터는 기본급이나 고정급 없이 미용시술에 관한 선불권 등 매출에 따른 수수료만을 지급받았다.

나) 원고 1은 ‘당사자 간 지급기일 연장에 관한 합의 없이 2014. 4. 1.부터 2020. 6. 24.까지 헤어디자이너로 근무하다가 퇴직한 피고에게 2020년 6월 임금 3,855,538원 및 퇴직금 4,753,627원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 각 지급하지 않았다.’는 범죄사실로 벌금 300만 원을 선고받았다.

다) 원고들은 이 사건 소로 피고를 상대로, 피고가 헤어디자이너로서 고객들에게 미용서비스를 제공하고 선불권 매출액에 따라 일정 비율의 수수료를 지급받기로 하는 업무위탁 위촉계약을 체결하면서 해지 시 선불권 매출액 중 실제 미용시술을 하지 않은 부분을 정산하여 원고들에게 지급하기로 약정하였는데, 피고가 2020. 6. 24. 퇴사함으로써 더 이상 미용시술을 할 수 없게 되었다고 주장하면서 계약해지에 따른 정산금 등을 구하였다.

3) 원심은, ① 피고가 수수료 반환약정에 따라 원고들에게 정산금 17,801,158원을 지급할 의무가 있다고 판단하고, ② 퇴직금 채권 30,730,498원으로 상계한다는 피고의 상계항변에 대하여, 퇴직금 산정을 위한 평균임금 산정에 있어 피고가 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 원고들로부터 지급받은 ‘선불권 판매로 인한 수수료’에서 ‘피고가 시술하지 않아 원고들에게 반환해야 하는 금원’이 공제되어야 한다고 보고, 이를 기초로 산정된 평균임금에 따라 퇴직금 4,753,627원을 인정하고, 위 퇴직금 채권을 자동채권으로 상계한 후 남은 13,047,531원 및 이에 대한 지연손해금의 지급을 명하였다.

4) 그러나 관련 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 피고의 퇴직금 산정에 관한 원심의 판단은 수긍하기 어렵다.

가) 피고는 2017. 5. 1. 이후부터 기본급이나 고정급 없이 선불권 판매에 따른 수수료만을 지급받아 왔다. 미용시술의 특성상 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 판매한 선불권 중 상당 부분은 퇴직으로 인하여 그에 상응하는 시술을 할 수 없게 된다. 그와 같은 근로제공의 형태와 임금산정 방식의 내용, 특성을 고려하면, 단순히 피고가 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 지급받은 수수료 중 미시술분 수수료를 공제한 나머지 금액을 기준으로 평균임금을 산정하게 되면 피고가 전체 근로기간에 지급받은 통상적인 생활임금보다 현저하게 적게 될 가능성이 크다.

피고의 퇴직 전 3개월 동안의 임금 총액에 해당 기간 판매된 선불권 중 미시술분 수수료가 제외되어야 한다면 공평의 원칙상 그 이전에 판매된 선불권 중 위 기간에 시술이 이루어진 부분에 해당하는 수수료는 포함되어야 한다.

나) 또한, 원심이 인정한 퇴직 전 3개월 동안의 평균임금(2020. 3. 25.부터 2020. 6. 24.까지 3개월 합계 수수료액 2,336,886원을 총 92일로 나눈 1일 25,400원)은 최저임금액(2020년의 최저시급 8,590원, 1일 8시간 기준 68,720원)에 미치지 못함이 계산상 명백하므로, 적어도 최저임금을 반영한 평균임금을 기초로 퇴직금을 다시 산정할 여지도 있다.

5) 따라서 원심으로서는 피고가 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 지급받은 선불권 판매 수수료에서 피고가 시술하지 않은 부분에 해당하는 수수료를 공제한 나머지 금원을 기초로 산정된 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적은지를 심리하여, 그렇다면 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 산정하였어야 하고, 적어도 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 피고가 수령한 임금이 최저임금에 미달하는지 여부를 심리하여 최저임금법에 따라 당연히 지급되어야 할 임금 중 지급되지 아니한 금액이 포함된 평균임금을 기초로 피고에게 지급될 퇴직금을 산정하였어야 한다.

그런데도 원심은 이 사건 임금체계의 내용, 특성 등을 고려하여 평균임금이 현저히 적게 산정되었는지 여부를 살펴보지 않은 채 판시와 같은 이유만으로 피고가 퇴직 전 3개월 동안 지급받은 수수료 중 미시술분 수수료를 공제한 나머지 금액만을 기초로 평균임금을 산정하였다. 이와 같은 원심판단에는 평균임금 산정에 관하여 소액사건심판법 제3조 제2호에서 정한 ‘대법원의 판례에 상반되는 판단’을 함으로써 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다. 이를 지적하는 피고의 이 부분 상고이유 주장은 이유 있다.

나. 제2 상고이유

이 사건은 소액사건심판법이 적용되는 소액사건인데, 피고의 이 부분 상고이유 주장은 미시술 수수료 반환약정의 존부에 관한 원심의 사실인정 내지 법률행위 해석을 다투는 것에 불과하여 소액사건심판법 제3조에서 정한 상고이유에 해당하지 않는다.

3. 결론

그러므로 원심판결 중 상계항변에 관한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하며, 원고들의 상고와 피고의 나머지 상고를 모두 기각하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 엄상필(재판장) 오경미(주심) 권영준 박영재

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2025다213167 · 대법원 2025-09-04
Wages
#2
80다2395 · 대법원 1981-01-13
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
#3
98다49357 · 대법원 1999-11-12
Wages (Average Wage Calculation During Unpaid Leave)
#4
86나957 · 부산지법 1987-04-30
퇴직금등청구사건
#5
76다1497 · 대법원 1976-09-28
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)