Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2009다99396

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case퇴직금

Decided2010. 04. 15. Court대법원Worker won (partial reversal and remand)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addressed whether debt collectors who signed collection service outsourcing agreements (위탁계약) with a credit information company qualified as 'employees' under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), despite the formal nature of their contracts. The Supreme Court found that because these collectors actually worked under the company's strong direction and supervision, they were employees entitled to severance pay (퇴직금). The Court also ruled that when wages for the three months prior to retirement had not significantly fluctuated due to special circumstances, average wages should be calculated using the standard method.

Key takeaways
  • CaseDebt collectors who had signed outsourcing agreements with a credit information company, but who actually worked under the company's direction and supervision, sued after not receiving severance pay (퇴직금).
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that regardless of the contract's formal label, the actual subordinate relationship qualified the collectors as employees, confirming the company's obligation to pay severance pay.
  • LessonEven when a worker signs an outsourcing or subcontracting agreement, if the actual work involves direction, supervision, and control over time and place by the employer, the worker may still be recognized as an employee under labor law.
Issues
  • Whether debt collectors who signed collection service outsourcing agreements (채권추심업무위탁계약) qualify as employees under the Labor Standards Act
  • How to calculate average wages when there has been no wage fluctuation due to special circumstances in the three months prior to retirement
Key reasoning

The Court emphasized that the substance of the working relationship—not merely the formal terms of the contract—determines employee status. Key factors include who determines the content of the work, the degree of direction and supervision exercised by the employer, whether the worker's hours and workplace are controlled by the employer, the exclusivity of the working relationship, and its continuity. The Court held that formal treatment resulting from the employer's superior economic bargaining position cannot, by itself, be used to deny employee status. This means that even if a contract is labeled as an outsourcing or service agreement, courts will look past the label to examine the real working conditions.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Whether a person constitutes a “worker” under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) should be determined not by whether the form of the contract is an employment contract or a service contract, but by whether, in substance, the worker provided labor to the employer in a subordinate relationship for the purpose of wages within a business or workplace. Whether such a subordinate relationship exists should be determined by comprehensively considering the following economic and social conditions: whether the employer determines the content of the work, whether the worker is subject to rules of employment or service (personnel) regulations, and whether the employer exercises substantial direction and supervision over the performance of the work; whether the employer designates working hours and place of work and the worker is bound thereby; whether the person providing labor can independently operate a business on his or her own account, such as by owning equipment, raw materials, or work tools, or by hiring a third party to perform the work on his or her behalf; whether the person bears the risk of generating profit or incurring loss through the provision of labor; matters concerning remuneration, such as whether the nature of the remuneration is compensation for the labor itself, whether a basic or fixed wage was set, and whether income tax was withheld at source; the continuity of the labor-provision relationship and the existence and degree of exclusive attachment to the employer; and whether the person is recognized as having the status of a worker under statutes concerning the social security system. However, since matters such as whether a basic or fixed wage was set, whether income tax was withheld at source, and whether the person is recognized as a worker under the social security system are matters that the employer, using its economically superior position, has considerable latitude to determine arbitrarily, worker status should not be readily denied solely because such circumstances are not established.

[2] A case holding that a debt collector who entered into a “debt collection business entrustment contract” with Company A, a credit information company, and performed debt collection work, constitutes a “worker” under the Labor Standards Act, where the contract contained numerous provisions that could substitute for rules of employment and where the grounds for termination corresponded to grounds for disciplinary dismissal or dismissal for managerial reasons.

[3] Even if the average wage was calculated in accordance with the principles set forth in the Labor Standards Act and the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 시행령), if there was a change in the amount of wages during a certain period close to the worker’s retirement due to special and coincidental circumstances, and as a result, the average wage calculated as above is recognized, upon comprehensive evaluation of all relevant circumstances including the worker’s entire period of employment, the length of the period during which the wage amount fluctuated, and the degree of the fluctuation in the wage amount, as having been calculated at an exceptionally low or high level compared to the ordinary case, then calculating retirement pay on the basis of such an average wage cannot be permitted in light of the spirit of the Labor Standards Act, which seeks to calculate retirement pay based on the worker’s ordinary living wage; in such a case, the average wage must be separately calculated by another reasonable and appropriate method that can faithfully reflect the worker’s ordinary living wage. However, where the worker’s average wage does not reach such an exceptional degree of being significantly lower or higher than in the ordinary case as described above, the average wage must be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth in the Labor Standards Act and other relevant provisions.

Full text (English, AI translation) 11,387 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 17 others (Attorneys Chae Ji-hun and 1 other, Counsel for the Plaintiffs)

[Defendant, Appellant] Miraeshinyongjeongbo Co., Ltd. (Attorneys Yoon Jae-sik and 2 others of Law Firm Minju, Counsel for the Defendant)

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 2009Na43883, decided October 16, 2009

[Order]

The part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss with respect to Plaintiff 2 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court. All remaining appeals by the Defendant are dismissed. The costs of the dismissed portion of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning] The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. As to the First Ground of Appeal

Whether a person constitutes a worker (근로자) under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) must be determined not by whether the form of the contract is an employment contract or a service contract, but by whether, in substance, the worker provided labor to the employer in a subordinate relationship for the purpose of wages within a business or workplace. Whether such a subordinate relationship exists must be determined by comprehensively considering various economic and social conditions, including: whether the employer determines the content of the work and the worker is subject to work rules or service (personnel) regulations, and whether the employer exercises substantial direction and supervision over the performance of the work; whether the employer designates working hours and place of work and the worker is bound thereby; whether the person providing labor can independently operate a business on his or her own account, such as by owning equipment, raw materials, or work tools, or by hiring a third party to perform the work on his or her behalf; whether the person bears the risks inherent in the generation of profit or loss through the provision of labor; matters concerning remuneration, such as whether the nature of the remuneration is compensation for the labor itself, whether a base pay or fixed pay was set, and whether wage income tax was withheld; the continuity of the labor-provision relationship and the existence and degree of exclusive affiliation with the employer; and whether the person is recognized as having the status of a worker under statutes concerning the social security system. However, since matters such as whether a base pay or fixed pay was set, whether wage income tax was withheld, and whether the person is recognized as a worker under the social security system are matters that the employer, using its economically superior position, has considerable room to determine arbitrarily, the mere absence of such circumstances should not readily lead to a denial of worker status (see Supreme Court Decision 2004Da29736, decided December 7, 2006).

Citing the reasoning of the first instance judgment, the court below found the following facts: that the Defendant company, being subject to various regulations established under the Act on the Use and Protection of Credit Information (신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률), needed strong control over the personnel handling its business, such that the loose constraints of a service contract or mandate contract would be inadequate to respond appropriately thereto; that there was in substance no difference between regular employees and commissioned employees such as the Plaintiffs in terms of the content of the work in charge or the degree of direction and supervision, and that intensive controls—such as designation of working hours and place, inspection of attire and appearance, work instructions and training, and disadvantageous measures in case of poor performance—were likewise applied to the Plaintiffs; that the Plaintiffs, both contractually and in actuality, were exclusively affiliated with the Defendant company and performed only the Defendant company's business, and that the contract term was automatically renewed, thereby having continuity; that although the Defendant company inserted phrases such as "as a person with free-occupation income" at the outset of its contracts, work rules, and personnel regulations, or included clauses excluding the application of provisions to "debt collectors (or debt collection consultants)," it nevertheless even permitted "conversion between direct and commissioned employment"; that the content of the contracts with the Plaintiffs included numerous matters that could substitute for work rules, such as work performance methods, prohibited matters, and standards for payment of remuneration, and that grounds corresponding to grounds for disciplinary dismissal or dismissal for managerial reasons were set as grounds for termination; that at the time of the initial contract, a guarantor of personal identity and a credit guarantee certificate were required to be furnished as security for compensating the Defendant company's losses; and that the Defendant provided offices along with various office fixtures and equipment, various report and request forms, IDs for access to the computer network, and credit information business employee identification cards, and bore various expenses such as telephone and postal charges and the costs of issuing various certified copies and extracts. Based on the above findings, the court below determined that the Plaintiffs should be regarded as workers of the Defendant company.

Examining the record in light of the legal principles set forth above, the above determination by the court below is justified, and there is no illegality therein, such as a misapprehension of the rules of evidence resulting in a mistake of fact, or a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the recognition of worker status, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

2. As to the Second Ground of Appeal

Even where average wages have been calculated in accordance with the principles set forth by the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 시행령), if there was a change in the amount of wages during a certain period around the time of the worker's retirement due to special and coincidental circumstances, and as a result, the average wage so calculated is recognized, upon comprehensive evaluation of all circumstances—including the worker's entire period of employment, the length of the period during which the wage amount fluctuated, and the degree of the fluctuation in the wage amount—as being exceptionally and markedly lower or higher than would ordinarily be the case, then calculating retirement pay on the basis thereof cannot be permitted in light of the spirit of the Labor Standards Act, which seeks to calculate retirement pay based on the worker's ordinary living wage; in such a case, the average wage must instead be separately calculated by another reasonable and appropriate method capable of faithfully reflecting the worker's ordinary living wage. However, where the worker's average wage does not reach such an exceptional degree of being markedly lower or higher than the ordinary case, the average wage must be calculated in accordance with the principles set forth by the Labor Standards Act and other relevant statutes (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2006Da17287, decided May 28, 2009).

Based on the evidence it adopted, the court below found that the Plaintiffs worked for the Defendant company during each of the respective periods indicated in the "Period of Employment" column of the retirement pay calculation table attached to the judgment below (hereinafter "the instant calculation table"), and were paid by the Defendant company, during the three months prior to retirement, each of the respective amounts indicated in the "Amount Received" column of the instant calculation table; that the average wage calculated on the basis of the wages received by the Plaintiffs during the three months prior to retirement was each of the respective amounts indicated in the "Average Daily Wage" column of the same table; and that such average wages could not be deemed to fall under a case where they were markedly higher than would ordinarily be the case. On this basis, the court below determined that the Defendant was obligated to pay the Plaintiffs, as retirement pay, each of the respective amounts indicated in the "Statutory Retirement Pay" column of the instant calculation table.

Examining the record in light of the legal principles set forth above, the above determination by the court below with respect to the Plaintiffs other than Plaintiff 2 is justified, and there is no illegality therein, such as a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the calculation of average wages, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

However, the determination of the court below with respect to Plaintiff 2 cannot be upheld as it stands, for the following reasons.

According to the facts found by the court below and the record, the following facts may be recognized: ① the wages paid to Plaintiff 2 during the three months prior to the date of retirement from the Defendant company were 5,041,500 won paid on November 25, 2005, 43,632,500 won paid on December 25, 2005, and 4,747,500 won paid on January 25, 2006, totaling 53,421,500 won; ② the monthly wage of 43,632,500 won paid on December 25, 2005 was a larger amount than the annual wages of 46,770,822 won, 41,800,055 won, and 24,725,529 won paid to Plaintiff 2 for the years 2001, 2002, and 2004, respectively, while employed at the Defendant company; ③ excluding the 43,632,500 won paid on December 25, 2005, the highest monthly wage received by Plaintiff 2 during the five-year period of employment was only 10,657,300 won; and ④ Plaintiff 2 was paid a total of 84,016,401 won in wages during the year 2005, of which the monthly wage of 43,632,500 won paid on December 25, 2005 constituted more than half.

Considering these circumstances in light of the legal principles set forth above, it is reasonable to view the wages paid to Plaintiff 2 during the three months prior to the date of retirement as being markedly higher than the ordinary living wage received by Plaintiff 2 throughout the entire period of employment. Accordingly, Plaintiff 2's average wage should not be calculated on the basis of the wages received during the three months prior to the date of retirement, but should instead be calculated by another reasonable and appropriate method capable of faithfully reflecting Plaintiff 2's ordinary living wage.

Nevertheless, the judgment below, having made a determination different from the foregoing, contains an illegality that misapprehended the legal principles concerning the calculation of average wages, thereby affecting the judgment. The argument in the grounds of appeal on this point is well-founded.

3. Conclusion

Accordingly, the part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss with respect to Plaintiff 2 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination; all remaining appeals by the Defendant are dismissed; and the costs of the dismissed portion of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant, who is the losing party. It is so decided, by the unanimous opinion of the Justices participating, as stated in the Order.

Justice Kim Young-ran (Presiding Justice), Lee Hong-hoon, Kim Neung-hwan (Justice in Charge), Min Il-young

【판결요지】

[1] 근로기준법상의 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식이 고용계약인지 도급계약인지보다 그 실질에 있어 근로자가 사업 또는 사업장에 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단하여야 하고, 위에서 말하는 종속적인 관계가 있는지 여부는 업무 내용을 사용자가 정하고 취업규칙 또는 복무(인사)규정 등의 적용을 받으며 업무 수행 과정에서 사용자가 상당한 지휘·감독을 하는지, 사용자가 근무시간과 근무장소를 지정하고 근로자가 이에 구속을 받는지, 노무제공자가 스스로 비품·원자재나 작업도구 등을 소유하거나 제3자를 고용하여 업무를 대행케 하는 등 독립하여 자신의 계산으로 사업을 영위할 수 있는지, 노무 제공을 통한 이윤의 창출과 손실의 초래 등 위험을 스스로 안고 있는지와 보수의 성격이 근로 자체의 대상적 성격인지, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지 및 근로소득세의 원천징수 여부 등 보수에 관한 사항, 근로 제공 관계의 계속성과 사용자에 대한 전속성의 유무와 그 정도, 사회보장제도에 관한 법령에서 근로자로서 지위를 인정받는지 등의 경제적·사회적 여러 조건을 종합하여 판단하여야 한다. 다만, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지, 근로소득세를 원천징수하였는지, 사회보장제도에 관하여 근로자로 인정받는지 등의 사정은 사용자가 경제적으로 우월한 지위를 이용하여 임의로 정할 여지가 크다는 점에서 그러한 점들이 인정되지 않는다는 것만으로 근로자성을 쉽게 부정하여서는 안 된다.

[2] 甲 신용정보회사와, 취업규칙을 갈음할 만한 사항이 다수 포함되고 징계해고나 정리해고 사유에 상응하는 사유들이 해지사유로 된 ‘채권추심업무위탁계약’을 체결하고 채권추심업무를 처리한 채권추심원이 근로기준법상 ‘근로자’에 해당한다고 한 사례.

[3] 근로기준법 및 근로기준법 시행령 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하였다고 하더라도, 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 인하여 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 위와 같이 산정된 평균임금이 근로자의 전체 근로기간, 임금액이 변동된 일정 기간의 장단, 임금액 변동의 정도 등을 비롯한 제반 사정을 종합적으로 평가해 볼 때 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 것으로 인정되는 예외적인 경우라면, 이를 기초로 퇴직금을 산출하는 것은 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 기준으로 퇴직금을 산출하고자 하는 근로기준법의 정신에 비추어 허용될 수 없는 것이므로, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 그 평균임금을 따로 산정하여야 한다. 그러나 근로자의 평균임금이 위와 같이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많다고 볼 예외적인 정도까지 이르지 않은 경우에는 근로기준법 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하여야 한다.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조

[2] 근로기준법 제2조

[3] 근로기준법 제2조

【참조판례】

[1][2] 대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결(공2007상, 104), 대법원 2007. 9. 7. 선고 2006도777 판결(공2007하, 1607), 대법원 2008. 7. 10. 선고 2008도816 판결, 대법원 2009. 10. 29. 선고 2009다51417 판결(공2009하, 2001) / [3] 대법원 2009. 5. 28. 선고 2006다17287 판결(공2009하, 971)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,137자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 1 외 17인 (소송대리인 변호사 채지훈외 1인)

【피고, 상고인】 미래신용정보 주식회사 (소송대리인 법무법인 민주 담당변호사 윤재식외 2인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2009. 10. 16. 선고 2009나43883 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 원고 2에 대한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다. 피고의 나머지 상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고기각 부분의 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 상고이유 제1점에 대하여

근로기준법상의 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식이 고용계약인지 도급계약인지보다 그 실질에 있어 근로자가 사업 또는 사업장에 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단하여야 하고, 위에서 말하는 종속적인 관계가 있는지 여부는 업무 내용을 사용자가 정하고 취업규칙 또는 복무(인사)규정 등의 적용을 받으며 업무 수행 과정에서 사용자가 상당한 지휘·감독을 하는지, 사용자가 근무시간과 근무장소를 지정하고 근로자가 이에 구속을 받는지, 노무제공자가 스스로 비품·원자재나 작업도구 등을 소유하거나 제3자를 고용하여 업무를 대행케 하는 등 독립하여 자신의 계산으로 사업을 영위할 수 있는지, 노무 제공을 통한 이윤의 창출과 손실의 초래 등 위험을 스스로 안고 있는지와 보수의 성격이 근로 자체의 대상적 성격인지, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지 및 근로소득세의 원천징수 여부 등 보수에 관한 사항, 근로 제공 관계의 계속성과 사용자에 대한 전속성의 유무와 그 정도, 사회보장제도에 관한 법령에서 근로자로서 지위를 인정받는지 등의 경제적·사회적 여러 조건을 종합하여 판단하여야 한다. 다만, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지, 근로소득세를 원천징수하였는지, 사회보장제도에 관하여 근로자로 인정받는지 등의 사정은 사용자가 경제적으로 우월한 지위를 이용하여 임의로 정할 여지가 크다는 점에서 그러한 점들이 인정되지 않는다는 것만으로 근로자성을 쉽게 부정하여서는 안 된다(대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결 참조).

원심은 제1심판결의 이유를 인용하여, 피고 회사로서는 신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률이 설정한 각종 규제를 받아야 하므로 그 업무담당자에 대한 강력한 통제가 필요하기에 도급계약이나 위임계약상의 느슨한 구속만으로는 이에 적절하게 대응하기 어려운 사실, 정규직과 원고들과 같은 촉탁직 사이에 담당 업무내용이나 지휘감독 정도에 있어 실질적으로는 아무런 차이가 없어 원고들에 대하여도 근무시간 및 장소 지정, 복장 및 용모 점검, 업무지시 및 교육훈련, 부진시의 불이익조치 등의 통제가 고강도로 이루어진 사실, 원고들이 계약상으로나 실제상으로나 피고 회사에 전속되어 오직 피고 회사의 업무만을 수행하여 왔고 계약기간 또한 자동갱신되어 계속성을 가졌던 사실, 피고 회사가 계약이나 취업규칙, 인사규정에서 굳이 모두에 ‘자유직업소득자로서’ 따위의 문구를 넣거나 ‘채권추심인(또는 채권추심컨설턴트)’의 적용배제 조항을 두거나 아예 ‘직간 전환’까지 허용하고 있었던 사실, 원고들과의 계약내용에는 업무수행방법, 금지사항, 보수지급기준 등 취업규칙을 갈음할 만한 사항이 다수 포함되어 있고, 징계해고나 정리해고 사유에 상응하는 사유들이 해지사유로 되어 있으며, 최초 계약 시에는 피고 회사의 손해를 배상할 담보로 신원보증인과 신용보증서를 입보하도록 되어 있는 사실, 피고는 사무실과 함께 각종 사무집기 비품, 각종 보고서 및 의뢰서 양식, 전산망 접속용 아이디 및 신용정보업종사원증 등을 제공하고 전화 및 우편요금, 각종 등·초본 발급비용 등의 제비용을 부담해왔던 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 위 인정사실들에 비추어 원고들을 피고 회사의 근로자로 보아야 한다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같은 채증법칙 위반으로 인한 사실오인이나 근로자 인정 여부에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

2. 상고이유 제2점에 대하여

근로기준법 및 근로기준법 시행령 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하였다고 하더라도, 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 인하여 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 위와 같이 산정된 평균임금이 근로자의 전체 근로기간, 임금액이 변동된 일정 기간의 장단, 임금액 변동의 정도 등을 비롯한 제반 사정을 종합적으로 평가해 볼 때 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 것으로 인정되는 예외적인 경우라면, 이를 기초로 퇴직금을 산출하는 것은 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 기준으로 퇴직금을 산출하고자 하는 근로기준법의 정신에 비추어 허용될 수 없는 것이므로, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 그 평균임금을 따로 산정하여야 한다. 그러나 근로자의 평균임금이 위와 같이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많다고 볼 예외적인 정도까지 이르지 않은 경우에는 근로기준법 등이 정한 원칙에 따라 평균임금을 산정하여야 한다(대법원 2009. 5. 28. 선고 2006다17287 판결 등 참조).

원심은 그 채택 증거에 의하여, 원고들이 원심 판시 별지 퇴직금 산정표(이하 ‘이 사건 산정표’라 한다)의 근무기간란 기재 각 해당 기간 동안 피고 회사에서 근무하면서 피고 회사로부터 퇴직 전 3월 동안 이 사건 산정표의 수령액란 기재 각 해당 금원을 지급받아 원고들이 퇴직 전 3월 동안 지급받은 임금을 기준으로 계산한 각 평균임금이 같은 표 1일 평균임금란 기재 각 해당 금원이고, 위 각 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 많은 경우에 해당한다고 볼 수 없다고 인정한 다음, 피고가 원고들에게 퇴직금으로 이 사건 산정표 법정퇴직금란 기재 각 해당 금원을 지급할 의무가 있다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원고 2를 제외한 나머지 원고들에 대한 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같은 평균임금 산정에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

그러나 원고 2에 대한 원심의 판단은 다음과 같은 이유에서 그대로 수긍할 수 없다.

원심이 인정한 사실관계와 기록에 의하면, ① 원고 2가 피고 회사로부터 퇴직한 날 이전 3월 간 지급받은 임금은 2005. 11. 25. 자 5,041,500원, 2005. 12. 25. 자 43,632,500원, 2006. 1. 25. 자 4,747,500원 합계 53,421,500원인 사실, ② 2005. 12. 25. 지급받은 월 임금 43,632,500원은 원고 2가 피고 회사에 근무하면서 2001년, 2002년, 2004년에 각 지급받은 연간 임금인 46,770,822원, 41,800,055원, 24,725,529원 보다 더 많은 액수인 사실, ③ 2005. 12. 25. 지급받은 43,632,500원을 제외하고 5년간의 근무기간 중 원고 2가 지급받은 월 임금 중 최고액은 10,657,300원에 불과한 사실, ④ 원고 2는 2005년 1년 동안 84,016,401원의 임금을 지급받았는데 그 중 2005. 12. 25. 지급받은 월 임금 43,632,500원이 절반 이상을 차지하고 있는 사실 등을 알 수 있다.

이러한 사정을 앞에서 본 법리에 비추어 보면, 원고 2가 퇴직한 날 이전 3월 간 지급받은 임금은 원고 2가 전체 근로기간 동안 지급받은 통상적인 생활임금 보다 현저하게 많다고 봄이 상당하고, 따라서 원고 2의 평균임금은 퇴직한 날 이전 3월 간 지급받은 임금을 기초로 산정할 것이 아니라 원고 2의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 산정하여야 할 것이다.

그럼에도 이와 다른 판단을 한 원심판결에는 평균임금 산정에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다고 할 것이다. 이 점에 관한 상고이유의 주장은 이유 있다.

3. 결론

그러므로 원심판결 중 원고 2에 관한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하되, 피고의 나머지 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고기각 부분에 관한 상고비용은 패소자인 피고가 부담하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김영란(재판장) 이홍훈 김능환(주심) 민일영

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