Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 95다55733

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case퇴직금

Decided1998. 03. 13. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addressed whether income that taxi drivers personally kept—amounts they collected beyond the fixed daily quota (사납금, 'sanabgeum') they were required to turn over to their employer—should be included when calculating average wage (평균임금) for severance pay (퇴직금) purposes. The Korean Supreme Court ruled that since this excess personal income was never under the employer's management or control, it could not be counted as part of the average wage. As a result, the taxi drivers' claim for higher severance pay was dismissed.

Key takeaways
  • CaseTaxi drivers demanded that their personal income exceeding the mandatory daily quota (사납금) be included in the average wage calculation for their severance pay (퇴직금).
  • OutcomeThe court ruled that since this personal income was outside the employer's management and control, it could not be included in the average wage, and dismissed the drivers' claim.
  • LessonWhen calculating severance pay, remember that average wage must be limited to income the employer can reasonably predict and control—unmonitored personal earnings do not count.
Issues
  • Whether the scope of average wage (평균임금) used as the basis for severance pay calculation is limited to income that the employer can manage and control
  • Whether the personal income portion earned by taxi drivers beyond the required quota should be included in average wage for severance pay purposes
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, severance pay (퇴직금) is a mandatory obligation that must be fully funded by the employer, meaning the employer must be able to reasonably predict and control the wage base used to calculate it. The average wage (평균임금) used for this calculation should therefore be limited to income the employer actually manages or controls. In this case, the taxi drivers kept revenue beyond the mandatory quota (사납금) as personal income, over which the employer had no oversight or control. Since the employer could not track or predict this amount, it fell outside the legal definition of wages subject to severance pay calculation. Consequently, the court held that including such unpredictable, uncontrolled income would undermine the purpose of the mandatory severance pay system.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Since the retirement allowance provisions under the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before its enactment as Act No. 5309 on March 13, 1997) are mandatory provisions requiring the employer to fund the retirement allowance through the employer's own contribution, the retirement allowance must always be paid in full by the employer's contribution. In order to ensure predictability in such contribution of the retirement allowance, the average wage, which serves as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance, must be interpreted as limited to that portion of the total income earned by the worker which is manageable or controllable by the employer.

[2] Where taxi drivers, after paying in a fixed quota (사납금) and the like out of their daily transportation revenue, retain the remaining amount as personal income accruing directly to themselves, since whether such personal income arises and the amount thereof are not fixed, the transportation company cannot know how much the taxi drivers' personal income amounts to, and has neither the possibility of managing nor of controlling it. Therefore, the personal income portion of the taxi drivers must be deemed not to be included in the average wage, which serves as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,008 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 5 others (Attorney Kim Hee-cheol, counsel for the plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellee] Gumi Oseong Unsu Co., Ltd. (Attorney Lee Woo-ik, counsel for the defendant)
[Lower Court Judgment] Daegu High Court Judgment 95Na765, decided November 8, 1995

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal submitted by the plaintiffs' attorney are examined.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence presented, found the following facts: the plaintiffs, as taxi drivers, joined the defendant company around 1985-1987 and retired on June 20, 1994; while working for the defendant company on a 24-hour, alternate-day shift system, they paid to the defendant company, out of the total daily transport revenue, a quota amount (sannapgeum) which in 1994 was 67,000 won for mid-size vehicles and 54,000 won for small vehicles, plus an additional separate amount of 10,000 won, and took the remaining amount, after deducting fuel costs incurred in operation, as their personal income, with the defendant company having no concern as to how much that personal income amounted to; the defendant company paid the plaintiffs a monthly salary calculated from the accumulated amount of the 10,000 won paid monthly as described above, after deducting the medical insurance premiums, union dues, etc. to be borne by the plaintiffs; and upon retirement, the defendant company paid retirement pay calculated at the rate of 100,000 won per year of continuous service.

Based on these findings, as to the plaintiffs' argument that the portion of daily transport revenue taken as their personal income, after deducting the quota amount and other items, should also be included in the average wage (平均賃金) that serves as the basis for calculating retirement pay under Article 28 of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before amendment by Act No. 5245 of December 31, 1996; the same applies hereinafter), the court below rejected the plaintiffs' claim on the following ground: the Labor Standards Act may be construed as providing that, in the ordinary case where an employer, upon receiving labor from employees, obtains income from such labor and pays the employees wages corresponding to the value of their labor as compensation therefor, the employer sets aside part of such wages as a fund for retirement pay and pays only the remainder as the agreed wage, and accordingly requires the employer to pay, at the time of an employee's retirement, the unpaid wages accumulated during the period of employment as retirement pay, in the nature of deferred wages; however, since the portion that the plaintiffs took as personal income should be regarded as wages that the plaintiffs had already received in full from the defendant, this constitutes a special form of wages for which no right to claim retirement pay arises even upon retirement.

The retirement pay provisions of the former Labor Standards Act must be regarded as mandatory provisions requiring the employer to pay retirement pay through the employer's own contribution, and therefore retirement pay must always be funded in full by the employer. In order to ensure predictability with respect to such funding of retirement pay by the employer, the average wage that serves as the basis for calculating retirement pay must be construed as limited to that portion of the employee's total income which the employer is capable of managing or controlling.

However, in this case, the plaintiffs paid the quota amount, etc. out of the daily transport revenue and directly appropriated the remaining amount to themselves as personal income, and the occurrence and amount of such personal income were not fixed; accordingly, the defendant company could not have known the amount of the plaintiffs' personal income, nor did it have the possibility of managing or controlling it. Therefore, the portion of the plaintiffs' personal income must be held not to be included in the average wage that serves as the basis for calculating retirement pay.

The explanation given by the court below regarding retirement pay is inappropriate, in that it leaves room for the misunderstanding that the source of funding for retirement pay is borne by the employee, and thus cannot be accepted as it stands; however, the conclusion rejecting the plaintiffs' claim is justified, and there is no error in violation of statutes or in violation of Supreme Court precedent that affected the outcome of the judgment, as argued in the grounds of appeal. The argument is without merit.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of the appeal shall be borne by the losing parties. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Song Jin-hun (Presiding Justice), Cheon Gyeong-song, Ji Chang-gwon (Justice in charge), Shin Seong-taek

【판결요지】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것)상의 퇴직금 규정은 사용자의 출연으로 퇴직금을 지급할 것을 명한 강행규정이라 할 것이므로 퇴직금은 항상 그 전액을 사용자가 출연하여야 할 것인바, 이와 같은 퇴직금 출연에 있어서 예측가능성을 기할 수 있게 하기 위하여는 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금은 근로자가 얻는 총수입 중 사용자가 관리 가능하거나 지배 가능한 부분에 한정된다고 보아야 한다.

[2] 택시운전사들이 하루의 운송수입금 중 사납금 등을 납입하고 남은 금액을 개인 수입으로 자신에게 직접 귀속시킨 경우, 그 개인 수입 부분의 발생 여부나 그 금액 범위 또한 일정하지 않으므로 운송회사로서는 택시운전사들의 개인 수입 부분이 얼마가 되는지 알 수도 없고 이에 대한 관리가능성이나 지배가능성도 없다고 할 것이어서 택시운전사들의 개인 수입 부분은 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금에 포함되지 않는다고 보아야 한다.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제28조 제1항(현행 제34조 제1항 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제28조 제1항(현행 제34조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[2] 대법원 1988. 3. 22. 선고 87다카570 판결(공1988, 673), 대법원 1993. 12. 24. 선고 91다36192 판결(공1994상, 494), 대법원 1995. 2. 28. 선고 94다8631 판결(공1995상, 1443), 대법원 1996. 12. 6. 선고 96다36524 판결(공1997상, 202)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,866자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 5인 (원고들 소송대리인 변호사 김희철)

【피고, 피상고인】 구미오성운수 주식회사 (소송대리인 변호사 이우익)

【원심판결】 대구고법 1995. 11. 8. 선고 95나765 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 원고들 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은, 그 내세운 증거를 종합하여, 원고들은 택시운전사로서 1985∼1987년경에 피고 회사에 입사하여 1994. 6. 20. 퇴직하였는데 피고 회사에서 1일 24시간 격일제로 근무하면서 하루의 총 운송수입금액 중 사납금으로 1994년의 경우 중형차는 금 67,000원, 소형차는 금 54,000원과 이와 별도로 금 10,000원씩을 피고 회사에 납입하고 그 나머지 금액 중 운행에 소요된 연료비를 제외한 나머지를 원고들의 개인 수입으로 하기로 하여 피고 회사는 그 개인 수입이 얼마이든 상관하지 아니한 사실, 피고 회사는 위와 같이 납부받은 금 10,000원씩을 한 달씩 적립한 금액에서 원고들이 부담할 의료보험료, 노동조합비 등을 공제한 금액을 원고들에게 월급으로 지급하였고, 퇴직시에는 근속연수에 따라 1년에 금 100,000원씩을 산출된 금액을 퇴직금으로 지급하여 온 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 원고들이 하루의 운송수입금 중 사납금 등을 제외하고 원고들의 개인 수입으로 한 부분도 구 근로기준법 제28조(1996. 12. 31. 법률 제5245호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다)에 의한 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금에 포함되어야 한다고 주장한 데 대하여, 근로기준법은 통상의 경우 근로자들이 근로를 제공하면 사용자는 그 근로로 인한 수입을 취득하여 근로자들에게 그 근로의 대가로서 노동력 가치에 상응한 임금 중 일부씩을 퇴직금의 재원으로 적립하고 그 나머지만을 약정된 임금으로 지급함을 예상하여 사용자로 하여금 근로자들의 퇴직시에 그 재직기간 중 적립된 미지급임금을 후불임금으로서 퇴직금으로 지급하도록 규정하였다고 볼 것인데, 원고들이 개인 수입으로 가져간 부분은 원고들이 피고로부터 그 임금 전액을 지급받은 것으로 보아야 할 것이므로 퇴직시에도 퇴직금청구권이 발생하지 않는 특수한 형태의 임금이라는 이유로 원고들의 청구를 배척하였다.

구 근로기준법상의 퇴직금 규정은 사용자의 출연으로 퇴직금을 지급할 것을 명한 강행규정이라 할 것이므로 퇴직금은 항상 그 전액을 사용자가 출연하여야 할 것인바, 이와 같은 퇴직금 출연에 있어서 예측가능성을 기할 수 있게 하기 위하여는 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금은 근로자가 얻는 총수입 중 사용자가 관리 가능하거나 지배 가능한 부분에 한정된다고 보아야 할 것이다.

그런데 이 사건 원고들은 하루의 운송수입금 중 사납금 등을 납입하고 남은 금액을 개인 수입으로 원고들 자신에게 직접 귀속시켰다는 것이고 그 개인 수입 부분의 발생 여부나 그 금액 범위 또한 일정하지 않으므로 피고 회사로서는 원고들의 개인 수입 부분이 얼마가 되는지 알 수도 없고 이에 대한 관리가능성이나 지배가능성도 없었다고 할 것이어서 원고들의 개인 수입 부분은 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금에 포함되지 않는다고 보아야 할 것이다.

원심의 퇴직금에 관한 설시는 마치 퇴직금의 재원을 근로자가 부담하는 것으로 오해될 여지가 있는 등 부적절하여 그대로 수긍할 수 없다고 할 것이나 원고들의 청구를 배척한 그 결론은 정당하다고 할 것이고, 거기에 상고이유에서 논하는 바와 같은 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 법령 위반이나 대법원판례에 위반한 잘못이 있다고 할 수 없다. 논지는 이유가 없다.

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자들의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 송진훈(재판장) 천경송 지창권(주심) 신성택

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
98다18568 · 대법원 1999-04-23
Retirement Pay, etc.
#2
2006나10096 · 의정부지방법원 2007-09-13
Retirement Pay
#3
2002다4399 · 대법원 2002-08-23
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
#4
2006다42313 · 대법원 2006-11-09
Retirement Pay
#5
2004가단11230 · 의정부지방법원 2005-07-12
Retirement Pay

Cases citing this decision

2005다25113 · 대법원 2007-07-12
Retirement Pay
2006다42313 · 대법원 2006-11-09
Retirement Pay
2002다4399 · 대법원 2002-08-23
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
98두15269 · 대법원 2000-04-25
Revocation of Disposition Denying Correction of Average Wage
98다18568 · 대법원 1999-04-23
Retirement Pay, etc.

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)