Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94다24763

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal해고무효확인

Decided1995. 05. 23. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A taxi company driver was disciplinarily dismissed for unauthorized absence, causing a traffic accident, obstructing business operations, and failing to remit the required minimum fare quota (기준금). The key disputes were whether the disciplinary committee could proceed as scheduled despite the employee's request to postpone the hearing, and whether the participation of a committee member with a conflict of interest invalidated the proceedings. The Supreme Court upheld the dismissal, ruling that neither issue rendered the disciplinary action invalid.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A taxi driver was disciplinarily dismissed for unauthorized absence, a traffic accident, and business obstruction, and challenged the dismissal by citing the rejection of his postponement request and the presence of an interested committee member.
  • OutcomeResult: The court ruled the dismissal valid, finding that the employee had been given a chance to explain but only sought postponement without substantive defense, and that the interested member's participation was not prohibited by the employment rules (취업규칙).
  • LessonLesson: If a company properly grants employees a real opportunity to be heard and clearly defines committee membership rules in its employment regulations, a simple request for postponement or a procedural objection alone will not be enough to invalidate a disciplinary dismissal.
Issues
  • Whether a disciplinary committee may proceed with its scheduled hearing despite the disciplined employee's request for a postponement
  • Whether a disciplinary decision made with the participation of a committee member having a personal interest in the outcome is valid
Key reasoning

The court held that once an employee subject to disciplinary action (피징계자) has been given a genuine opportunity to state their case, the disciplinary committee may proceed as originally scheduled if the employee merely requests a postponement without actually presenting any explanation or defense. Additionally, the court found that the participation of a committee member with a personal interest in the case does not automatically invalidate the disciplinary decision, unless the company's employment rules (취업규칙) expressly prohibit such participation. Since no such explicit provision existed in this case, the procedural objections raised by the dismissed employee were insufficient to overturn the disciplinary dismissal.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[Summary]

가. Where the rules of employment or other disciplinary regulations provide for procedures such as granting the person subject to disciplinary action an opportunity to appear and make statements, such procedures constitute requirements for the validity of a disciplinary action; however, the purport of such provisions is that the person subject to disciplinary action must be given an opportunity to make statements in his or her own favor with respect to the alleged grounds for discipline, and it is not necessarily required that such statements actually be made. Therefore, where such an opportunity has been given but the person subject to discipline fails to make a statement and instead requests a postponement, the disciplinary committee may proceed with the meeting as scheduled, notwithstanding the request for postponement, without the attendance or expression of opinion of the person subject to discipline.

나. Where the rules of employment or other regulations provide that a member of the disciplinary committee who has an interest in the grounds for discipline may not participate in the disciplinary committee, if such an interested person participates in the disciplinary committee as a member, the disciplinary action has a material procedural defect and is therefore void; however, where there is no such provision, the disciplinary action cannot be deemed void on that ground.

Full text (English, AI translation) 9,232 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff, Litigation Representative Haemaru Comprehensive Law Firm, Attorneys in Charge Cheon Jeong-bae and 2 others

[Defendant, Appellee] Donghun Unsu Co., Ltd., Litigation Representative Attorney Kim Gwang-jeong

[Court Below] Seoul High Court Decision 93Na15177 dated April 13, 1994

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. Regarding the grounds for disciplinary action and the legitimacy of the dismissal

A. According to the reasoning of the judgment below and the reasoning of the first instance judgment cited by the judgment below, the court below found the following facts: while working as a taxi driver for the Defendant, the Plaintiff (1) was absent from work without justifiable reason on June 4 and June 6, 1989; (2) caused traffic accidents (resulting in injury and death) on August 14, 1989 and at approximately 01:00 on January 3, 1991, thereby causing the Defendant to incur damages corresponding to the increased insurance premiums resulting from the increased insurance rate; (3) on February 28, 1992, even after the Defendant's labor union's regular general meeting had been closed, incited approximately 40 union members for one hour on the pretext that a vote of no confidence against the union chairman, Non-party 1, was to be cast and counted, thereby preventing them from returning to their driving duties and causing damages equivalent to the reduction in transportation revenue during that one hour; (4) made deposits falling short of the standard transportation revenue amount on six occasions in February 1992 and four occasions in March 1992, and, in an article contributed to the Defendant's labor union's monthly publication "Donghun Nobo" published on April 11, 1992 (which appears from the record to be a clerical error for April 10), wrote content stating that "at the previous general meeting, the company's executive director, Non-party 2, entered the labor union meeting hall, and after talking with the union chairman, declared the meeting closed in the middle of the meeting while two union members' seats remained, and closed the curtain alone," thereby causing confrontation between union members and the Defendant and defaming the honor of the said Non-party 2; (5) on the 12th of the same month, neglected to check the vehicle's temperature meter, which is part of a driver's ordinary duties, and drove at excessive speed, causing engine overheating that resulted in a breakdown of the taxi, thereby causing the Defendant to spend 130,000 won in repair costs and rendering the vehicle unable to be operated for three days during the repair period; and (6) at approximately 11:00 on the 13th of the same month, when the said Non-party 2 refused the Plaintiff's request for recognition of transportation revenue for the hours during which the Plaintiff had been unable to work due to the vehicle breakdown of the previous day, cursed at the said Non-party 2. The court below found that the Defendant disciplinarily dismissed the Plaintiff on April 25, 1992 on the grounds of these acts of misconduct, and then determined that the Plaintiff's aforementioned acts constituted grounds for disciplinary action under the collective bargaining agreement and rules of employment as set forth therein, and that there was justifiable cause for the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff on these grounds. The court below rejected the Plaintiff's argument that the dismissal constituted an unfair labor practice, on the ground that there was no evidence to prove this.

Upon examination of the record, the above fact-finding and determination of the court below are all justified, except for the portion concerning the unauthorized absence of two days in (1) above, and there is no illegality such as violation of the rules of evidence, misapprehension of facts, or misunderstanding of legal principles as argued in the grounds of appeal.

B. However, with respect to the unauthorized absence of two days in (1) above, considering that Article 23, Paragraph 1 of the collective bargaining agreement stipulates unauthorized absence of three days or more as grounds for disciplinary action, and that in this case there is no evidence that the Plaintiff engaged in unauthorized absence or performed work unfaithfully during the two years and ten months from the time of the said unauthorized absence until the time of dismissal, or during the two years and eight months until the shortfall in deposits of the standard transportation revenue amount under ground for disciplinary action (4) occurred, and considering that the said unauthorized absence cannot be deemed to fall under "significantly poor work performance" under Article 23, Paragraph 5 of the collective bargaining agreement, or "poor attendance record and unfaithful performance of work" under Article 46, Paragraph 1, Item 4 of the rules of employment, it cannot be deemed that this constitutes grounds for disciplinary action. Therefore, it was unlawful for the first instance court, as cited by the court below, to have recognized this as grounds for disciplinary action; however, since the dismissal of the Plaintiff is recognized as justified based solely on the remaining grounds excluding the said unauthorized absence, this error by the court below does not affect the outcome of the judgment.

C. Furthermore, considering the reality that taxi transportation companies such as the Defendant company cover their operating funds almost entirely through daily quota payments (sanggeum), the Plaintiff's act of making deposits falling short of the standard quota amount on multiple occasions as described above cannot be deemed justified (see Supreme Court Decision 94Nu1890 dated August 12, 1994). Therefore, it cannot be said that the court below's recognition of the Plaintiff's failure to pay the standard transportation revenue amount under (4) above as grounds for disciplinary action involves any error of misunderstanding of legal principles as argued in the grounds of appeal.

2. Regarding the disciplinary procedure

A. Where the provisions on disciplinary action in the rules of employment, etc. stipulate procedures such as granting the person subject to discipline an opportunity to appear and make statements, such procedures constitute a requirement for the validity of the disciplinary action. However, the purport of such provisions is that the person subject to discipline must be given an opportunity to make a statement in his own favor regarding the suspected disciplinary grounds, and it is not necessarily required that such a statement actually be made. Therefore, where such opportunity has been granted but the person, instead of making a statement, requests a postponement, the disciplinary committee may proceed to convene as scheduled without the attendance and statement of opinion of the person subject to discipline, notwithstanding the request for postponement (see Supreme Court Decisions 92Nu8699 dated May 25, 1993; 91Da30620 dated September 28, 1993, etc.).

The court below's determination, in this vein, that the Plaintiff, having failed to attend the disciplinary committee while requesting a further postponement even after the Defendant had postponed the convening of the disciplinary committee in accordance with the Plaintiff's request for postponement, thereby voluntarily waived the opportunity to make a statement, is justified, and the argument disputing this is without merit.

B. Where the rules of employment, etc. contain a provision stating that a disciplinary committee member who has an interest in the grounds for disciplinary action may not attend the disciplinary committee, if such an interested person attended the disciplinary committee as a committee member, the disciplinary action would have a serious procedural defect and would be void (see Supreme Court Decision 94Da7553 dated August 23, 1994). However, where no such provision exists, even if an interested person attended the disciplinary committee as a committee member, the disciplinary action cannot be deemed void on that ground.

The court below's determination, in this vein, that the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff was not unlawful even though Non-party 1 and Non-party 2, who had an interest in the grounds for disciplinary action, attended the disciplinary committee as committee members, is justified, and the argument disputing this is without merit.

C. The argument that the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff is void on the ground that the chairperson of the disciplinary committee made the decision unilaterally while disregarding the opinions of the majority of the disciplinary committee members is a new argument that the Defendant did not raise before the court below, and therefore cannot constitute a lawful ground of appeal.

3. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Supreme Court Justice Lee Im-su (Presiding Judge), Kim Seok-su, Jeong Gwi-ho (Justice in Charge), Lee Don-hui

【판결요지】

가. 취업규칙 등의 징계에 관한 규정에 피징계자의 출석 및 진술의 기회부여 등에 관한 절차가 규정되어 있는 경우에는 그러한 절차는 징계처분의 유효요건이지만, 그 규정의 취지는 피징계자에게 징계혐의 사실에 관하여 자신에게 이익되는 소명의 기회를 부여하여야 한다는 데 있고 소명 자체가 반드시있어야 하는 것은 아니므로 그 기회를 부여하였는데도 소명하지 아니하고 연기요청을 하는 경우에는 연기요청에 불구하고 피징계자의 참석과 의견개진 없이 징계위원회를 예정대로 개최할 수 있다.

나. 취업규칙 등에 징계사유에 관하여 이해관계가 있는 징계위원은 징계위원회에 참석할 수 없다는 규정이 있는 경우에 그러한 이해관계 있는 자가 징계위원으로 징계위원회에 참석하였다면 그 징계는 절차상 중대한 하자가 있어 무효이나, 그러한 규정이 없는 경우에는 그 징계가 무효라고 할 수 없다.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1993.5.25. 선고 92누8699 판결(공1993하,1891), 1993.9.28. 선고 91다30620 판결(공1993하,2933) / 나. 대법원 1994.8.23. 선고 94다7553 판결(공1994하,2502), 1994.10.7. 선고 93누20214 판결(공1994하,2997)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,133자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 소송대리인 법무법인 해마루종합법률사무소 담당변호사 천정배외 2인

【피고, 피상고인】 동훈운수 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 김광정

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1994.4.13. 선고 93나15177 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 징계사유와 해고의 정당성에 관하여,

가. 원심판결이유 및 원심판결이 인용한 제1심판결이유에 의하면, 원심은 원고가 피고의 택시운전기사로 근무하면서 (1) 1989.6.4. 및 6.6.에 정당한 사유없이 결근하였고, (2) 1989.8.14.과 1991.1.3. 01:00경 교통사고(상해, 사망)를 일으켜 피고로 하여금 인상된 보험요율에 상응하는 보험료를 증액 부담하게 하는 손해를 입혔으며, (3) 1992.2.28. 피고 노동조합 정기총회가 폐회되었는데도 조합장 소외 1에 대한 불신임안을 투개표한다는 이유로 1시간 동안 조합원 40여 명을 선동하여 운전업무에 복귀하지 못하게 하여 1시간 동안의 운송수입금 감소에 상당하는 손해를 입혔고, (4) 1992.2월에 6회, 3월에 4회에 걸쳐 운송 수입기준금에 미달되는 입금을 하였고, 1992.4.11.(기록상 4.10.의 오기로 보인다) 발간된 피고 노동조합의 월간 동훈노보에 '지난 총회때 회사 상 무 소외 2가 노동조합 회의장에 들어와 조합장하고 얘기끝에 회의 도중 조합원이 2명 남은 좌석에서 폐회선언을 하고 혼자 막을 내렸다'라며 조합원과 피고 사이의 대립을 초래하는 내용의 기고를 하여 위 소외 2의 명예를 훼손하였으며, (5) 같은 달 12. 운전사로서의 통상의 업무인 자동차 온도메타의 확인을 게을리 한 채 과속 주행하다가 엔진 과열로 택시에 고장을 초래하여 수리비용 금 130,000원을 지출하게 하고 3일간의 수리기간 동안 위 차를 운행하지 못하게 하였으며, (6) 같은 달 13. 11:00경 전날의 차 고장으로 인하여 근무하지 못한 시간에 대한 운송수입금 인정 요구를 위 소외 2가 거부하자 위 소외 2에게 욕을 하였다는 비위행위들을 이유로 1992.4.25. 징계해고한 사실을 인정한 다음, 원고의 위와 같은 행위는 그 설시의 단체협약 및 취업규칙 소정의 징계사유에 해당되고 이를 사유로 한 원고에 대한 징계해고에는 정당한 이유가 있다고 판단한 후, 위 해고가 부당노동행위라는 원고의 주장에 대하여 이를 인정할 증거가 없다는 이유로 원고의 위 주장을 배척하였다.

기록에 비추어 보면, 원심의 위와 같은 사실인정과 판단은 위 (1) 2일의 무단결근부분을 제외하고는 모두 정당하고 거기에 논지와 같은 채증법칙 위배, 사실오인 또는 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

나. 다만 위 (1) 2일의 무단결근에 관하여 보건대, 단체협약 제23조 제1항에 3일 이상의 무단결근을 징계사유로 정하고 있는 점과 원고가 위 무단결근 이후 해고 당시까지의 2년 10개월 동안 또는 위 징계사유 (4)의 운송 수입기준금 입금미달이 있기까지의 2년 8개월 동안 무단결근이나 근무를 불성실하게 하였다고 볼 아무런 증거가 없는 이 사건에 있어서, 위 무단결근을 단체협약 제23조 제5항의 근무성적이 현저히 불량하거나 또는 취업규칙 제46조 제1항 제4호 소정의 출근상태가 불량하고 근무가 불성실 할 때에 해당된다고도 볼 수 없는 점 등에 비추어 보면, 이는 징계사유에 해당한다고 볼 수 없는 것인데도 원심이 인용한 제1심이 이를 징계사유로 인정한 것은 위법하다고 할 것이나, 위 무단결근을 제외한 나머지 사유들만으로도 원고에 대한 해고는 정당하다고 인정되므로 원심의 위와 같은 잘못은 판결 결과에 영향이 없다.

다. 그리고, 피고 회사와 같은 택시운수회사는 운영자금을 거의 일일사납금에 의하여 충당하고 있는 현실에 비추어 보면, 원고가 위와 같이 여러 차례에 걸쳐 사납금 기준액에 미달하는 입금을 한 행위가 정당하다고 할 수 없으므로(대법원 1994.8.12. 선고 94누1890 판결 참조), 원심이 원고의 위 (4) 중 운송 수입기준금 미납행위를 징계사유로 인정한 것에 논지와 같은 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

2. 징계절차에 관하여,

가. 취업규칙 등의 징계에 관한 규정에 피징계자의 출석 및 진술의 기회부여 등에 관한 절차가 규정되어 있는 경우에는 그러한 절차는 징계처분의 유효요건이라 할 것이지만, 그 규정의 취지는 피징계자에게 징계혐의사실에 관하여 자신에게 이익되는 소명의 기회를 부여하여야 한다는 데 있고 소명자체가 반드시 있어야 하는 것은 아니므로 그 기회를 부여하였는데도 소명하지 아니하고 연기요청을 하는 경우에는 연기요청에 불구하고 피징계자의 참석과 의견개진 없이 징계위원회를 예정대로 개최할 수 있는 것이다(대법원 1993.5. 25.선고 92누8699 판결; 1993.9.28. 선고 91다30620 판결 등 참조).

원심이 이와 같은 취지에서 피고가 원고의 연기요청에 따라 징계위원회의 개최를 연기하였음에도 다시 연기요청을 하면서 징계위원회에 출석하지 아니한 것은 스스로 진술의 기회를 포기한 것이라고 판단한 것은 정당하고, 이를 다투는 논지는 이유 없다.

나. 취업규칙 등에 징계사유에 관하여 이해관계가 있는 징계위원은 징계위원회에 참석할 수 없다는 규정이 있는 경우에 그러한 이해관계 있는 자가 징계위원으로 징계위원회에 참석하였다면 그 징계는 절차상 중대한 하자가 있어 무효라 할 것이나(대법원 1994.8.23.선고 94다7553 판결 참조), 그러한 규정이 없는 경우에는 이해관계 있는 자가 징계위원으로 징계위원회에 참석하였다 하더라도 그 징계가 무효라고 할 수 없다.

원심이 이와 같은 취지에서 징계사유에 관하여 이해관계가 있는 소외 1, 소외 2가 징계위원으로 징계위원회에 참석하였다고 하더라도 원고에 대한 징계해고가 위법이 아니라고 판단한 것은 정당하고 이를 다투는 논지는 이유 없다.

다. 원고에 대한 징계해고는 징계위원장이 다수 징계위원들의 의견을 무시하고 독자적으로 결정을 한 것이어서 무효라는 논지는 피고가 원심에서 주장하지 아니한 새로운 것으로서 적법한 상고이유가 되지 못한다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이임수(재판장) 김석수 정귀호(주심) 이돈희

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#3
87가합5193 · 서울민사지법 1988-05-18
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#4
94다53716 · 대법원 1996-06-28
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal
#5
84나83 · 서울고법 1984-10-11
해고무효확인등청구사건

Cases citing this decision

2020두31361 · 대법원 2020-11-26
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
2017두70793 · 대법원 2020-11-26
부당해고구제재심판정취소[징계위원회 구성상 하자를 다투는 사건]
2007다51758 · 대법원 2007-12-27
Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
96다43416 · 대법원 1997-03-25
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.

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