Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2015도676

Violation of the Minimum Wage Act (Case concerning whether an employer's intent to violate the Minimum Wage Act can be found where a shortened 'contractual working hours' clause in an amended employment rulebook (취업규칙) is invalid as an unlawful evasion scheme)최저임금법위반(변경된 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 단축 조항이 탈법행위로 무효인 경우, 사용자의 최저임금법위반죄의 고의 인정 여부에 관한 사건)

Decided2019. 05. 10. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (employer's criminal conviction overturned for further review on the issue of intent)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A taxi company amended its employment rulebook (취업규칙) to shorten the 'contractual working hours (소정근로시간)' on paper—without actually changing employees' real working hours—in order to artificially raise the hourly base wage and thereby avoid violating the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법). The Supreme Court held that this amendment was void as an unlawful evasion scheme (탈법행위), but found that because there was room for genuine legal dispute over the validity of such an arrangement, the employer's criminal intent to violate the Minimum Wage Act could not be readily established. The case was reversed and remanded to the lower court.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA taxi company kept employees' actual working hours unchanged but revised its employment rulebook to reduce the officially recorded 'contractual working hours,' making it appear that the hourly wage had increased in order to sidestep the Minimum Wage Act.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that this manipulation was void as an unlawful evasion of the law, but held that because reasonable legal disputes existed over its validity, the employer's deliberate intent to violate the Minimum Wage Act could not be automatically presumed.
  • LessonEmployers cannot escape their obligation to comply with the Minimum Wage Act through artificial adjustments to working hours; only genuine, substantive improvements to working conditions can lawfully affect minimum wage calculations.
Issues
  • Whether an agreement to shorten 'contractual working hours (소정근로시간)' for the purpose of evading the Minimum Wage Act, without any actual change in working conditions, is legally effective
  • Whether an employer's criminal intent to violate the Minimum Wage Act can be presumed simply because an amended employment rulebook (취업규칙) is later found to be an invalid evasion scheme
Key reasoning

An agreement that shortens only the officially recorded 'contractual working hours' on paper—while leaving actual work patterns and driving/operating hours unchanged—in order to inflate the hourly base wage is void, because it constitutes an unlawful scheme designed to circumvent the application of the Minimum Wage Act. However, the Court emphasized that the mere invalidity of such an arrangement under civil law does not automatically translate into criminal liability. Where there is a plausible legal basis for the employer to have believed the arrangement was lawful, and where such issues remain genuinely disputable in the courts, the prosecution cannot immediately establish the employer's willful intent (고의) to violate the Minimum Wage Act. Thus, the lower court's finding that intent existed was premature and required reconsideration in light of the surrounding factual and legal context.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Considering comprehensively the content and structure of the provisions of the Constitution and the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법), the legislative purpose and legislative history of Article 6(5) of the Minimum Wage Act (hereinafter referred to as the “special provision”), the purpose of the provisions of the Passenger Transport Service Act (여객자동차 운수사업법) and the public nature of the general taxi transportation business, and the circumstances before and after the agreement to shorten the prescribed working hours, in a case where, under a fixed-amount quota system (정액사납금제), the employer, with the intent to avoid the fixed wage excluding wages based on production performance falling below the minimum wage, agrees with the taxi driver labor union to shorten only the prescribed working hours—without any change in the actual form of work or operating hours—in order to increase the nominal amount of the hourly fixed wage calculated based on the prescribed working hours, such an agreement must be deemed void as an unlawful act intended to circumvent the application of the special provision of the Minimum Wage Act, which is a mandatory statutory provision. This legal principle applies equally where the employer amends the rules of employment to shorten the prescribed working hours with the consent of a labor union organized by a majority of the taxi driver employees or with the consent of a majority of the employees.

[2] If there exists a reasonable basis for disputing the existence of the obligation to pay the wage difference falling below the minimum wage amount, it must be deemed that there was a reasonable ground for the employer's failure to pay such wages, and thus it is difficult to recognize that the employer had the requisite criminal intent for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act (이 사건에서는 2012. 2. 1. 법률 제11278호로 개정되기 전의 것을 말하며, 이하 같다). Whether there exists a reasonable basis for disputing the existence and scope of the obligation to pay the wage difference falling below the minimum wage amount must be determined by comprehensively considering the basis of such payment obligation, the reasons for the employer's non-payment, the business purpose and scale of the company operated by the employer, and other various circumstances existing at the time the dispute over the existence and scope of the wage payment obligation arose. Even if, as a result of the prescribed working hours clause in the collective agreement or rules of employment that shortened the prescribed working hours being void as an unlawful act, it is subsequently recognized that the employer paid wages less than the minimum wage amount when calculated based on the original prescribed working hours, it should not be readily concluded that the employer had the requisite criminal intent for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act.

Full text (English, AI translation) 11,690 chars

[Defendant] Defendant
[Appellant] Defendant
[Defense Counsel] Kim Jeong-ho and 2 others, Attorneys of Daeryuk Aju LLC
[Lower Court Judgment] Uijeongbu District Court Judgment 2014No369, decided December 5, 2014

[Order]

The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Panel Division of the Uijeongbu District Court.

[Reasoning] The grounds of appeal are examined (the contents of each supplemental brief on grounds of appeal submitted after the expiration of the period for submitting the grounds of appeal are examined to the extent that they supplement the grounds of appeal).
1. Summary of the facts charged
The Defendant, as the representative partner of Non-Indicted Company 1, a limited partnership company (hereinafter “the Company”), is an employer who operates a taxi transportation business employing 76 regular employees, and as indicated in the attached list to the judgment of the court below, failed to pay wages of at least the minimum wage amount to workers subject to the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법), namely Non-Indicted 2 and 22 other taxi driver employees of the Company, in the total amount of KRW 49,136,961 below the minimum wage.
2. Judgment of the court below
The court below reversed the first instance judgment, which had found the above charged facts not guilty, and found the Defendant guilty, on the following grounds.
A. When the Minimum Wage Act was amended so that Article 6(5) excluded “wages based on production output” from the scope of wages included in the minimum wage for workers engaged in driving duties in the general taxi transportation business (hereinafter “the special provision at issue”), the Company, in order to avoid the fixed wage amount falling below the minimum wage, amended its rules of employment twice to shorten the existing prescribed working hours, even though the actual working hours remained unchanged from before (hereinafter the amended rules of employment are referred to as the “First Amended Rules of Employment” and the “Second Amended Rules of Employment,” respectively, and the rules of employment prior to amendment are referred to as the “Prior Rules of Employment”).
B. This was not a measure to actually increase the proportion of fixed wages so as not to fall below the minimum wage in accordance with the purpose of the amendment of the Minimum Wage Act, but was merely a measure designed to make it appear, in form and appearance only, that wages of at least the minimum wage were being paid, by leaving the proportion of fixed wages almost unchanged while setting working hours as a working condition that were markedly shorter than the actual working hours.
C. Even if the taxi driver employees consented thereto, the rules of employment amended to shorten the prescribed working hours as described above were intended to circumvent the Minimum Wage Act, which is a mandatory provision, and are therefore invalid as being in violation of the Minimum Wage Act.
3. Judgment of the Supreme Court
A. Comprehensively considering the content and system of the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Minimum Wage Act, the legislative purpose and legislative history of the special provision at issue, the purport of the provisions of the Passenger Transport Service Act (여객자동차 운수사업법) and the public nature of the general taxi transportation business, and the circumstances before and after the agreement to shorten the prescribed working hours, among other factors, where, under a fixed quota system (사납금제), with the intent to avoid the fixed wage excluding wages based on production output falling below the minimum wage, an employer agrees with a taxi driver employees’ labor union to shorten only the prescribed working hours, without any change in the actual work pattern or operating hours, in order to increase the nominal amount of the hourly fixed wage calculated on the basis of the prescribed working hours, such agreement must be regarded as invalid as an act in circumvention of the law intended to evade the application of, inter alia, the special provision at issue under the Minimum Wage Act, which is a mandatory statute. This legal principle applies equally where the employer amends the rules of employment to shorten the prescribed working hours with the consent of a labor union organized by a majority of the taxi driver employees or with the consent of a majority of the employees (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 2016Da2451, decided April 18, 2019).
Meanwhile, if there exists a ground for disputing the existence of an obligation to pay the wage difference falling short of the minimum wage amount, it must be found that there was a justifiable reason for the employer's failure to pay such wages, and thus it is difficult to recognize that the employer had the criminal intent required for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act (before amendment by Act No. 11278 of February 1, 2012; hereinafter “the former Minimum Wage Act”). Whether there exists a ground for disputing the existence and scope of the obligation to pay the wage difference falling short of the minimum wage amount must be determined by comprehensively considering the basis for such payment obligation, the reasons for the employer's non-payment, the business purpose and scale of the company operated by the employer, and other various circumstances existing at the time the dispute over the existence and scope of the wage payment obligation arose. The mere fact that, because the provision on prescribed working hours in the collective agreement or rules of employment shortening the prescribed working hours is invalid as an act in circumvention of the law, it is subsequently found, upon calculation based on the existing prescribed working hours, that the employer paid wages less than the minimum wage amount, does not immediately warrant concluding that the employer had criminal intent for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act (see Supreme Court Decision 2010Do14693, decided October 27, 2011).
B. Regarding the validity of the provision on prescribed working hours in the amended rules of employment
Examining the record in accordance with the above legal principles, the judgment of the court below, which found that the provision on prescribed working hours in the First Amended Rules of Employment and the Second Amended Rules of Employment constituted an act in circumvention of the law and was thus invalid, is justified.
C. Regarding whether the Defendant's criminal intent may be recognized
(1) According to the reasoning of the judgment of the court below and the evidence lawfully adopted by the court below, the following circumstances may be known.
(a) Despite the enforcement of the special provision at issue, if the existing prescribed working hours were maintained as is, the fixed wages that a general taxi transportation business operator would have to pay to taxi driver employees would rise sharply, thereby increasing the incentive to raise the quota amount (사납금), which is the main source of funding for the fixed wage; on the other hand, from the perspective of taxi driver employees under the fixed quota system, even if the fixed wage were raised to some extent, if the quota amount were increased, this would lead to a decrease in excess operating revenue, such that total income would not necessarily increase. As the interests of both sides regarding whether to increase the quota amount became intertwined, there arose cases in which labor-management agreements to shorten prescribed working hours were concluded, as a result of general taxi transportation business operators seeking ways to overcome the problem of conflict with the Minimum Wage Act without increasing the quota amount, while taxi driver employees sought ways to maintain excess operating revenue at the previous level while avoiding an increase in the quota amount.
The Company, which likewise operated under the fixed quota system, also amended its rules of employment successively to shorten the prescribed working hours, having obtained the voluntary consent of a majority of its taxi driver employees.
(b) Notwithstanding the shortening of the prescribed working hours, the fixed wages of the taxi driver employees, as ascertainable through the Second Amended Rules of Employment and the labor contracts linked thereto, increased somewhat compared to the time of the Prior Rules of Employment. Comparing the period of the Prior Rules of Employment with the period of the Second Amended Rules of Employment, it does not appear that the total income of the taxi driver employees particularly decreased either.
(c) As stated in the facts charged in this case, the Defendant's obligation to pay the wage difference falling short of the minimum wage amount is premised on the invalidity of the provisions on prescribed working hours in the First Amended Rules of Employment and the Second Amended Rules of Employment, and on the continued validity, in the employment relationship, of the provision on prescribed working hours in the Prior Rules of Employment. However, at the time, there existed no explicit guideline from the Ministry of Employment and Labor, nor any court judgment, regarding the validity of the provisions of the rules of employment that shortened the prescribed working hours with the consent of the taxi driver employees, following the enforcement of the special provision at issue.
(d) There is no material showing that, when calculated based on the prescribed working hours under the successively shortened rules of employment, the Defendant paid wages below the minimum wage amount as calculated accordingly.
(2) Examining these circumstances in light of the legal principles set forth above, it appears that, at the time, the Defendant could have believed that the provisions on prescribed working hours in the First Amended Rules of Employment and the Second Amended Rules of Employment, which shortened the prescribed working hours with the consent of a majority of the taxi driver employees, were valid, and thus that there was no obligation to pay the wage difference falling short of the minimum wage amount. This being so, it may be found that there existed a ground for the Defendant to dispute the existence of the obligation to pay the wage difference falling short of the minimum wage amount at issue in this case, and it must be found that there was a justifiable reason for the Defendant's payment of wages below the minimum wage amount to the taxi driver employees; therefore, it cannot be concluded that the Defendant had the criminal intent required for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act.
(3) Nevertheless, the court below found the Defendant guilty of the facts charged in this case on the premise that the Defendant had criminal intent to commit the offense in this case. Such judgment of the court below contains an error that misapprehends the legal principles concerning the criminal intent required for the offense under Article 6(1) and Article 28 of the former Minimum Wage Act, or that violates the rules of logic and experience, thereby exceeding the limits of the principle of free evaluation of evidence, and this error affected the judgment.
4. Conclusion
Therefore, the judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination. This Judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Min Yu-sook (Presiding Justice), Cho Hee-dae (Justice in Charge), Kim Jae-hyung, Lee Dong-won

【판결요지】

[1] 헌법 및 최저임금법 관련 규정 내용과 체계, 최저임금법 제6조 제5항(이하 ‘특례조항’이라고 한다)의 입법 취지와 입법 경과, 여객자동차 운수사업법의 규정 취지 및 일반택시운송사업의 공공성, 소정근로시간을 단축하는 합의 관련 전후 사정 등을 종합적으로 고려하면, 정액사납금제하에서 생산고에 따른 임금을 제외한 고정급이 최저임금에 미달하는 것을 회피할 의도로 사용자가 소정근로시간을 기준으로 산정되는 시간당 고정급의 외형상 액수를 증가시키기 위해 택시운전근로자 노동조합과 사이에 실제 근무형태나 운행시간의 변경 없이 소정근로시간만을 단축하기로 합의한 경우, 이러한 합의는 강행법규인 최저임금법상 특례조항 등의 적용을 잠탈하기 위한 탈법행위로서 무효라고 보아야 한다. 이러한 법리는 사용자가 택시운전근로자의 과반수로 조직된 노동조합 또는 근로자 과반수의 동의를 얻어 소정근로시간을 단축하는 내용으로 취업규칙을 변경하는 경우에도 마찬가지로 적용된다.

[2] 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액의 지급의무의 존재에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있다면, 사용자가 그 임금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 하므로 사용자에게 구 최저임금법(2012. 2. 1. 법률 제11278호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다) 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 인정하기 어렵다. 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액의 지급의무 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는지는 그 지급의무의 근거, 사용자의 미지급 이유 및 사용자가 운영하는 회사의 사업 목적, 규모 등은 물론이고, 그 밖에 임금 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관한 다툼이 생길 당시의 여러 정황을 종합하여 판단하여야 한다. 소정근로시간을 단축한 단체협약 또는 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항이 탈법행위로 무효이어서 기존 소정근로시간을 기준으로 계산한 결과 사후적으로 사용자가 최저임금액보다 적은 임금을 지급한 것이 인정된다고 하여 곧바로 사용자에게 구 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 단정해서는 안 된다.

【참조조문】

[1] 헌법 제32조 제1항, 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제3항, 제5항

[2] 구 최저임금법(2012. 2. 1. 법률 제11278호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제6조 제1항, 제28조(현행 제28조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2019. 4. 18. 선고 2016다2451 전원합의체 판결(공2019상, 1074) / [2] 대법원 2011. 10. 27. 선고 2010도14693 판결(공2011하, 2500)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,033자 · 펼쳐 보기

【피 고 인】 피고인

【상 고 인】 피고인

【변 호 인】 법무법인(유한) 대륙아주 담당변호사 김정호 외 2인

【원심판결】 의정부지법 2014. 12. 5. 선고 2014노369 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 의정부지방법원 본원 합의부에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유(상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 후에 제출된 각 상고이유서보충서의 기재는 상고이유를 보충하는 범위 내에서)를 판단한다.

1. 공소사실의 요지

피고인은 공소외 1 합자회사(이하 ‘이 사건 회사’라 한다)의 대표사원으로 상시근로자 76명을 고용하여 택시운송사업을 경영하는 사용자인바, 원심판결 별지 기재와 같이 이 사건 회사의 택시운전근로자 공소외 2 외 22명에 대하여 합계 49,136,961원을 최저임금에 미달하게 지급함으로써 최저임금법의 적용을 받는 근로자에게 최저임금액 이상의 임금을 지급하지 아니하였다.

2. 원심의 판단

원심은 다음과 같은 이유를 들어, 위 공소사실을 무죄로 판단한 제1심판결을 파기하고 유죄로 판단하였다.

가. 최저임금법이 개정되어 제6조 제5항이 일반택시운송사업에서 운전업무에 종사하는 근로자의 최저임금에 산입되는 임금의 범위에서 ‘생산고에 따른 임금’을 제외하게 되자(이하 ‘이 사건 특례조항’이라고 한다), 이 사건 회사는 고정급의 액수가 최저임금에 미달하는 것을 회피하기 위하여 실근로시간이 종전과 변함이 없는데도 2회에 걸쳐 취업규칙을 변경하여 기존 소정근로시간을 단축하였다(이하 개정된 각 취업규칙을 ‘제1차 취업규칙’, ‘제2차 취업규칙’이라 하고, 개정 전 취업규칙을 ‘종전 취업규칙’이라고 한다).

나. 이는 최저임금법 개정 취지에 맞추어 최저임금에 미달하지 않도록 고정급의 비율을 실제로 높이는 것이 아니라, 고정급의 비율은 거의 그대로 둔 채 실근로시간에 비하여 현격하게 짧은 근로시간을 근로조건으로 정함으로써 형식적·외형적으로만 최저임금 이상을 지급하는 것처럼 보이도록 하기 위한 조치에 불과하다.

다. 비록 택시운전근로자들의 동의가 있었다 하더라도, 위와 같이 소정근로시간을 단축하는 내용으로 변경된 취업규칙은 강행규정인 최저임금법을 잠탈하기 위한 것이므로, 최저임금법에 위배되어 무효이다.

3. 대법원의 판단

가. 헌법 및 최저임금법 관련 규정 내용과 체계, 이 사건 특례조항의 입법 취지와 입법 경과, 여객자동차 운수사업법의 규정 취지 및 일반택시운송사업의 공공성, 소정근로시간을 단축하는 합의 관련 전후 사정 등을 종합적으로 고려하면, 정액사납금제하에서 생산고에 따른 임금을 제외한 고정급이 최저임금에 미달하는 것을 회피할 의도로 사용자가 소정근로시간을 기준으로 산정되는 시간당 고정급의 외형상 액수를 증가시키기 위해 택시운전근로자 노동조합과 사이에 실제 근무형태나 운행시간의 변경 없이 소정근로시간만을 단축하기로 합의한 경우, 이러한 합의는 강행법규인 최저임금법상 이 사건 특례조항 등의 적용을 잠탈하기 위한 탈법행위로서 무효라고 보아야 한다. 이러한 법리는 사용자가 택시운전근로자의 과반수로 조직된 노동조합 또는 근로자 과반수의 동의를 얻어 소정근로시간을 단축하는 내용으로 취업규칙을 변경하는 경우에도 마찬가지로 적용된다(대법원 2019. 4. 18. 선고 2016다2451 전원합의체 판결 참조).

한편 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액의 지급의무의 존재에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있다면, 사용자가 그 임금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 하므로 사용자에게 구 최저임금법(2012. 2. 1. 법률 제11278호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 ‘구 최저임금법’이라고 한다) 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 인정하기 어렵다. 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액의 지급의무 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는지는 그 지급의무의 근거, 사용자의 미지급 이유 및 사용자가 운영하는 회사의 사업 목적, 규모 등은 물론이고, 그 밖에 임금 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관한 다툼이 생길 당시의 여러 정황을 종합하여 판단하여야 한다. 소정근로시간을 단축한 단체협약 또는 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항이 탈법행위로 무효이어서 기존 소정근로시간을 기준으로 계산한 결과 사후적으로 사용자가 최저임금액보다 적은 임금을 지급한 것이 인정된다고 하여 곧바로 사용자에게 구 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 단정해서는 안 된다(대법원 2011. 10. 27. 선고 2010도14693 판결 참조).

나. 변경된 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항의 효력에 대하여

위 법리에 따라 기록을 살펴보면, 제1차 취업규칙 및 제2차 취업규칙 중 소정근로시간 조항이 탈법행위에 해당하여 무효라고 본 원심의 판단은 정당하다.

다. 피고인의 고의 인정 여부에 대하여

(1) 원심판결 이유 및 원심이 적법하게 채택한 증거에 의하면, 다음과 같은 사정을 알 수 있다.

(가) 이 사건 특례조항의 시행에도 불구하고 기존 소정근로시간을 그대로 유지할 경우, 일반택시운송사업자로서는 택시운전근로자에게 지급해야 하는 고정급이 큰 폭으로 상승하게 됨에 따라 고정급의 주요 재원이 되는 사납금을 증액하려는 유인이 커지게 된 반면, 정액사납금제 택시운전근로자의 입장에서는 고정급이 어느 정도 인상되더라도 사납금이 증액되는 경우 초과운송수입금의 감소로 이어지게 되어 반드시 총수입이 증가하게 되는 것이 아니었다. 사납금 증액 여부를 둘러싼 양쪽의 이해관계가 맞물리면서, 일반택시운송사업자로서는 사납금을 증액하지 않으면서 최저임금법 저촉 문제를 극복하고, 택시운전근로자로서도 사납금 증액을 피해가면서 초과운송수입금을 종전 수준으로 유지할 수 있는 방법을 모색한 결과, 소정근로시간을 단축하는 내용의 노사합의가 성립하는 경우가 생겨났다.

정액사납금제로 운영되는 이 사건 회사 역시 소속 택시운전근로자 다수의 자발적인 동의를 받아 소정근로시간을 단축하는 내용으로 취업규칙을 순차로 변경하였다.

(나) 소정근로시간 단축에도 불구하고 제2차 취업규칙과 이와 연계된 근로계약을 통해 알 수 있는 택시운전근로자들의 고정급은 종전 취업규칙 당시와 비교할 때 다소 늘어났다. 종전 취업규칙 당시와 제2차 취업규칙 당시를 비교하면, 택시운전근로자들의 총수입 역시 특별히 감소하지는 않았던 것으로 보인다.

(다) 이 사건 공소사실에 기재된 바와 같이 피고인이 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금의 차액을 지급할 의무는 제1차 취업규칙 및 제2차 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항이 무효이어서 종전 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항이 근로관계에서 여전히 유효함을 전제로 하고 있다. 그런데 이 사건 특례조항 시행에 따라 택시운전근로자 측의 동의를 받아 소정근로시간을 단축한 취업규칙 조항의 효력과 관련해 당시 고용노동부의 명시적 지침이나 법원의 판결이 존재하는 것은 아니었다.

(라) 순차로 단축된 취업규칙상 소정근로시간을 기준으로 계산할 경우, 피고인이 그에 따라 계산된 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금을 지급하였다고 볼 자료는 없다.

(2) 이러한 사정을 앞에서 본 법리에 따라 살펴보면, 피고인은 당시로서는 택시운전근로자 다수의 동의를 얻어 소정근로시간을 단축한 제1차 취업규칙 및 제2차 취업규칙상 소정근로시간 조항이 유효하다고 보아 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액을 지급할 의무가 없는 것으로 믿을 수 있었을 것으로 보인다. 그렇다면 피고인이 이 사건 최저임금액에 미달하는 임금 차액의 지급의무 존부에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있다고 볼 수 있고, 피고인이 택시운전근로자들에게 최저임금액에 미치지 못하는 임금을 지급한 데에 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 하므로, 피고인에게 구 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 단정할 수 없다.

(3) 그런데도 원심은 피고인에게 이 사건 범행의 고의가 있음을 전제로 이 사건 공소사실을 유죄로 인정하였다. 이러한 원심판단에는 구 최저임금법 제6조 제1항, 제28조 위반죄의 고의에 관한 법리를 오해하거나, 논리와 경험의 법칙을 위반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다.

4. 결론

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 민유숙(재판장) 조희대(주심) 김재형 이동원

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