Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2002두6620

Revocation of Disciplinary Dismissal (해임처분취소)해임처분취소

Decided2002. 09. 24. Court대법원Employer (government/disciplinary authority) won; case reversed and remanded (파기환송)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A police officer received money and entertainment from a complainant in a case he was handling, and then filed a false accusation (무고죄) to cover it up. Although some of the disciplinary grounds against him were not proven, the Supreme Court (대법원) held that the remaining proven grounds were sufficient to justify his dismissal (해임처분). The Court reversed the lower court's decision that had canceled the dismissal, ruling that the disciplinary action was a lawful exercise of the disciplinary authority's discretion.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA police officer accepted money and gifts from a complainant in a case he was investigating, then committed false accusation (무고죄) to cover it up, leading to his dismissal.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that even though some disciplinary grounds were not proven, the remaining serious misconduct alone justified the dismissal.
  • LessonEven if not all alleged grounds for discipline are proven, a single serious violation can still be enough to support the disciplinary action—so public officials must act with great caution.
Issues
  • The scope and limits of discretion in disciplinary actions against public officials (공무원 징계처분의 재량권 한계)
  • Whether a disciplinary action remains valid when only some of multiple cited grounds are proven
  • The standard for determining whether a dismissal (해임처분) is justified
Key reasoning

A disciplinary measure is only unlawful if it is so clearly unreasonable under prevailing social norms that it constitutes an abuse of discretion (재량권 남용). When multiple grounds are cited for a disciplinary action, the fact that some grounds are later found unsubstantiated does not automatically invalidate the entire disposition. If the remaining, properly proven grounds are serious enough on their own to justify the disciplinary measure, the original decision can still be upheld. In this case, even without considering the disputed grounds, the officer's acceptance of bribes and his subsequent false accusation were serious enough to independently support the dismissal.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] When there is a ground for disciplinary action against a public official subject to disciplinary proceedings, the determination of what kind of disciplinary measure to impose is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority. However, such a disciplinary measure imposed in the exercise of that discretion shall be deemed unlawful only where it is recognized that the measure has manifestly lost its validity in light of common social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority. In order to find that a disciplinary measure against a public official has manifestly lost its validity in light of common social norms, it must be a case where, upon comprehensive consideration of various factors—such as the content and nature of the misconduct that gave rise to the discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved by the discipline, and the standards for determining the severity of discipline—according to the specific circumstances of the case, the content of the discipline can be objectively and clearly recognized as unjust.

[2] Where, among several grounds for disciplinary action, some are not established but the other established grounds are sufficient in themselves to justify the validity of the disciplinary measure in question, maintaining that disciplinary measure is not unlawful.

[3] In a case where a police officer received dismissal (해임) as a disciplinary measure on the grounds that he had received money and valuables from the complainant in a case he was handling, had been provided with entertainment and Western liquor, and had committed the criminal act of falsely accusing the complainant in order to conceal these facts, the court held that even if the fact of receiving money and valuables among the above grounds for discipline was not established, the validity of the dismissal was recognized based on the remaining grounds for discipline alone, and therefore the dismissal did not constitute a deviation from or abuse of the scope of discretion.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,894 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Commissioner of the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2001Nu17038 rendered on June 21, 2002

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

1. According to the reasoning of the first instance judgment cited by the court below, the first instance court found the following facts: The Plaintiff was appointed as a patrolman (순경) on March 6, 1982, and from February 17, 2000, worked in the Investigation Division, Investigation Section of the Gangnam Police Station. On November 8, 2000, the Plaintiff received the disciplinary action of dismissal at issue in this case (the "instant dismissal") from the Defendant, on the grounds that: (1) at around 20:00 on March 15, 2000, the Plaintiff received an improper request from Nonparty 1, the complainant in a case the Plaintiff was handling, to handle the case favorably, and received entertainment worth 395,000 won in return; (2) at around 21:30 on the same day, the Plaintiff received 1,000,000 won from Nonparty 1; (3) at around 20:00 on April 1 of the same year, the Plaintiff received one bottle of whiskey from Nonparty 1; and (4) despite the fact that the Plaintiff had received the above bribes, on June 7, 2000, the Plaintiff filed a criminal complaint against Nonparty 1—who had filed a petition (진정) alleging that he had given a bribe—asserting that Nonparty 1 had falsely accused the Plaintiff and requesting that Nonparty 1 be punished, thereby falsely accusing (무고) Nonparty 1.

However, [the first instance court] found as follows: it is established that the Plaintiff received an improper request from Nonparty 1, the complainant in the case the Plaintiff was handling, to handle the case favorably, and thereafter received bribes as described in grounds ① and ③ above; and that afterward, when the Plaintiff forwarded the case against the accused in the complaint filed by Nonparty 1 to the prosecution with an opinion of "no suspicion," Nonparty 1, dissatisfied with this, filed a petition with the Gangnam Police Station expressing dissatisfaction with the handling of the case and alleging that the Plaintiff had received bribes; the Plaintiff, despite having in fact received bribes from Nonparty 1 on the two occasions described above, filed a criminal complaint with the Bundang Police Station stating, in substance, that "although Nonparty 1 proposed on March 15, 2000 that they go together to a good bar in Bundang, the Plaintiff declined this and returned home, and the Plaintiff never had a meal with Nonparty 1 at a restaurant in Hanam-si on April 1 of the same year; nevertheless, Nonparty 1, in order to drive the Plaintiff out of the police force, filed a false petition alleging that the Plaintiff had received the above bribes, thereby falsely accusing the Plaintiff, and Nonparty 1 should be punished"—thereby falsely accusing Nonparty 1 (the fact underlying disciplinary ground ④). This fact was found to be established. However, the first instance court found that the evidence submitted by the Defendant supporting disciplinary ground ②, namely that the Plaintiff received 1,000,000 won from Nonparty 1, was not credible, and there was no other evidence to establish this fact.

Having found the facts as above, the first instance court held that even the facts established as above among the disciplinary grounds in this case constitute grounds for disciplinary action under Article 78(1), Items 1, 2, and 3, and Articles 56 and 61 of the State Public Officials Act (국가공무원법). However, in light of the following circumstances: that the Plaintiff had served faithfully for 18 years and 7 months, receiving a total of 14 commendations including two commendations from the Minister of Home Affairs; that the instant disciplinary action also took into account disciplinary ground ②, i.e., that the Plaintiff received 1,000,000 won from Nonparty 1, which, as noted above, was not established; that of the entertainment provided by Nonparty 1, the Plaintiff's share amounted to only about 80,000 won; and that the whiskey received from Nonparty 1 was shared and consumed together with Nonparty 1 on the spot—the first instance court held that the instant dismissal was excessively harsh toward the Plaintiff and constituted an unlawful deviation from and abuse of discretion, and accordingly revoked the instant dismissal.

2. However, where a disciplinary ground exists with respect to a public official subject to disciplinary action, the determination of what disciplinary action to impose is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority. A disciplinary action taken by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of such discretion may be held unlawful only where it is found to have clearly lost reasonableness in light of common social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority. In order for a disciplinary action against a public official to be found to have clearly lost reasonableness in light of common social norms, it must be recognized, upon comprehensive consideration of various factors—including the content and nature of the misconduct that formed the ground for the disciplinary action, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the disciplinary action, and the standards for determining the severity of disciplinary action, in light of the specific case at hand—that the content of the disciplinary action is objectively and clearly unreasonable (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 97Nu14637 rendered on November 25, 1997). Furthermore, even if some of several disciplinary grounds are not established, if the other disciplinary grounds that are established are sufficient in themselves to justify the reasonableness of the disciplinary action in question, it is not unlawful to sustain that disciplinary action (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 91Nu4102 rendered on November 22, 1991).

Examining this case in light of the foregoing legal principles: according to the facts as established by the court below, the Plaintiff, as a police officer, not only received an improper request from the complainant in a case he was handling in connection with the handling of that case and accepted bribes in the form of entertainment and a gift of whiskey, but further, in order to conceal his own bribery offense, committed the additional criminal act of falsely accusing the very complainant who had reported the bribery. Even excluding the disciplinary ground not established by the court below, such conduct must be regarded as a serious violation of a police officer's duty of good faith and duty of integrity, an act that gives rise to public distrust of the police, and an act that damages the dignity of the police force as a whole. Furthermore, according to the record, it can be seen that the Plaintiff had previously, on May 23, 1997, received the severe disciplinary action of a three-month suspension for a disciplinary ground similar to the present one, namely, receiving money and valuables. In light of the degree of the misconduct committed by the Plaintiff (in particular, the fact that he went so far as to falsely accuse another) and the Plaintiff's prior record of severe disciplinary action, even taking into account all the circumstances appearing in the record—such as the fact that the Plaintiff had received 14 commendations over his long years of service as a police officer, that the value of the entertainment received and the bribe accepted was small, and that despite having received the bribe, the Plaintiff reached a conclusion unfavorable to the complainant, Nonparty 1, in handling the case—it cannot be said that the instant dismissal by the Defendant was so excessively harsh toward the Plaintiff as to have clearly lost reasonableness in light of common social norms, such that it exceeded the bounds of discretion and was unlawful. Rather, the instant dismissal appears to be a case in which its reasonableness may be sufficiently acknowledged.

Therefore, the judgment below, which revoked the instant dismissal on the ground that it was unlawful as a deviation from and abuse of discretion, contains an error of law in misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the limits of discretion in disciplinary actions, which affected the judgment, and the ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.

3. Accordingly, without the need to examine the remaining grounds of appeal, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination. This judgment is rendered by the unanimous opinion of the Justices participating in the case, as set forth in the Order.

Presiding Justice Song Jin-hoon
Justice Byun Jae-seung
Justice Yoon Jae-sik (Justice in charge)
Justice Lee Gyu-hong

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인지는 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 그 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법한 것이라 할 것이고, 공무원에 대한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 한다.

[2] 수 개의 징계사유 중 일부가 인정되지 않더라도 인정되는 다른 징계사유만으로도 당해 징계처분의 타당성을 인정하기에 충분한 경우에는 그 징계처분을 유지하여도 위법하지 아니하다.

[3] 경찰공무원이 담당사건의 고소인으로부터 금품을 수수하고 향응과 양주를 제공받았으며 이를 은폐하기 위하여 고소인을 무고하는 범죄행위를 하였다는 사유로 해임처분을 받은 경우, 위 징계사유 중 금품수수사실이 인정되지 않더라도 나머지 징계사유만으로도 해임처분의 타당성이 인정되어 재량권의 범위를 일탈·남용한 것이 아니라고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항, 제79조, 행정소송법 제27조

[2] 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항

[3] 국가공무원법 제56조, 제61조, 제78조 제1항, 제79조, 행정소송법 제27조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1997. 11. 25. 선고 97누14637 판결(공1998상, 123), 대법원 1998. 11. 10. 선고 98두12017 판결(공1998하, 2880), 대법원 1999. 4. 27. 선고 99두1458 판결(공1999상, 1072), 대법원 1999. 10. 8. 선고 99두6101 판결(공1999하, 2339) / [2] 대법원 1983. 4. 26. 선고 82누405 판결(공1983, 901), 대법원 1989. 12. 26. 선고 89누589 판결(공1990, 411), 대법원 1991. 11. 22. 선고 91누4102 판결(공1992, 320)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,109자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고

【피고, 상고인】 서울특별시 지방경찰청장

【원심판결】 서울고법 2002. 6. 21. 선고 2001누17038 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】1. 원심이 인용한 제1심판결 이유에 의하면, 제1심은, 원고는 1982. 3. 6. 순경으로 임명되어 2000. 2. 17.부터 강남경찰서 수사과 조사계에서 근무하던 중, 2000. 11. 8. 피고로부터, ① 2000. 3. 15. 20:00경 원고가 맡고 있는 사건의 고소인인 소외 1로부터 사건을 잘 처리해달라는 청탁을 받고 395,000원 상당의 향응을 제공받은 점, ② 같은 날 21:30경 소외 1로부터 100만 원을 지급받은 점, ③ 같은 해 4. 1. 20:00경 소외 1로부터 양주 1병을 교부받은 점, ④ 위와 같이 뇌물을 수수한 것이 사실임에도 불구하고, 2000. 6. 7. 뇌물을 공여하였다고 진정한 소외 1에 대하여 동인이 허위 사실로 원고를 무고하였으니 처벌하여 달라는 고소장을 제출하여 동인을 무고한 점을 징계사유로 하여 원고를 해임한다는 이 사건 징계처분을 받은 사실, 그런데 위 징계사유 중 자신이 맡고 있는 사건의 고소인인 소외 1로부터 사건을 잘 처리해 달라는 취지의 청탁을 받고 ①, ③ 사실과 같이 뇌물을 수수한 사실 및 그 후 원고가 위 고소사건의 피고소인에 대하여 혐의 없음 의견으로 검찰에 송치하자 이에 불만을 품은 소외 1이 강남경찰서에 사건처리에 대한 불만과 피고인의 뇌물 수수사실 등을 진정하자, 원고는 사실은 위 소외 1로부터 위와 같이 2회에 걸쳐 뇌물을 수수하였으면서도 "소외 1이 2000. 3. 15. 분당에 좋은 술집이 있으니 같이 가자고 제안을 하였으나 이를 거절하고 집으로 귀가하였고, 같은 해 4. 1. 하남시 회집에서 소외 1과 식사를 한 사실이 없는데도 소외 1이 소직을 경찰에서 몰아내려고 위와 같이 뇌물을 공여하였다는 취지의 허위 진정을 하여 무고하고 있으니 처벌해 달라."는 내용의 고소장을 분당경찰서에 제출하여 위 소외 1을 무고한 사실(징계사유 ④사실)은 인정되나, 위 징계사유 ②사실과 같이 원고가 소외 1로부터 100만 원을 교부받았다는 점에 부합하는 피고 제출의 증거는 믿을 수 없고, 달리 이를 인정할 증거가 없다고 사실을 인정한 다음, 이 사건 징계사유 중, 앞에서 인정된 사실만으로도 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항 제1, 2, 3호, 제56조, 제61조 소정의 징계사유에 해당되나, 원고가 18년 7개월 동안 성실하게 근무하면서 내무부장관 표창 2회 등 총 14회의 표창을 받은 점, 이 사건 처분은 원고가 위 소외 1로부터 100만 원을 수수하였다는 위 ②사실의 징계사유도 고려된 것인데 앞서 본 바와 같이 그 징계사유는 인정되지 않는 점, 위 소외 1로부터 제공받은 향응도 원고의 몫은 8만 원 정도에 불과하고, 소외 1로부터 교부받은 양주도 그 자리에서 그와 함께 나누어 마신 것인 점 등에 비추어 볼 때, 이 사건 해임처분은 원고에게 지나치게 가혹한 것으로서 재량권을 일탈, 남용한 위법이 있다는 이유로 이를 취소하였다.

2. 그러나 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인지는 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 그 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법한 것이라 할 것이고, 공무원에 대한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 하며(대법원 1997. 11. 25. 선고 97누14637 판결 등 참조), 수 개의 징계사유 중 일부가 인정되지 않더라도 인정되는 다른 일부 징계사유만으로도 당해 징계처분의 타당성을 인정하기에 충분한 경우에는 그 징계처분을 유지하여도 위법하지 아니하다 할 것이다(대법원 1991. 11. 22. 선고 91누4102 판결 등 참조).

위 법리에 비추어 이 사건을 살피건대, 원심이 확정한 사실관계와 같이 원고가 경찰공무원으로서 자신이 담당하는 사건의 고소인으로부터 그 사건 처리와 관련하여 부정한 청탁을 받고 향응을 제공받거나 양주를 선물받는 등 뇌물을 수수하였을 뿐만 아니라, 거기서 더 나아가 자신의 위 뇌물수수 범행을 은폐하기 위하여 위 뇌물수수 사실을 진정한 위 고소인을 무고하는 범죄행위까지 하였다면, 이는 원심이 인정하지 않은 징계사유를 제외하더라도 경찰공무원으로서 성실의무 및 청렴의무에 크게 위배되는 행위로서, 경찰에 대한 국민의 불신을 야기시키고, 경찰 전체의 품위를 손상시키는 행위라고 보지 않을 수 없고, 또한 기록에 의하면, 원고는 1997. 5. 23.에도 이 사건과 유사한 징계사유인 금품수수를 이유로 정직 3월의 중징계를 받은 전력이 있음을 알 수 있는바, 원고가 저지른 위 비위의 정도(특히, 무고까지 한 점) 및 위 중징계 전력 등에 비추어 볼 때 원고가 장기간 경찰공무원으로 근무하면서 14회에 걸쳐 표창을 받았다거나, 원고가 제공받은 향응이나 수수한 뇌물의 가액이 적다거나, 위 뇌물수수를 받고서도 위 사건 처리에 있어서 고소인 소외 1에게 불리한 결론을 내린 점 등 기록에 나타난 제반 사정을 참작하더라도 피고의 이 사건 해임처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃을 정도로 원고에게 지나치게 가혹하여 그 재량권의 범위를 일탈한 것으로서 위법한 처분이라고 할 수는 없고 오히려 이 사건 해임처분은 그 타당성이 충분히 수긍될 수 있는 경우로 보인다.

따라서 이 사건 해임처분이 재량권을 일탈·남용한 것으로서 위법하다고 판단하여 이 사건 해임처분을 취소한 원심판결에는 징계처분의 재량권의 한계에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있고 이 점을 지적하는 상고이유는 그 이유 있다 할 것이다.

3. 그러므로 나머지 상고이유에 관하여 살펴볼 필요도 없이 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 송진훈(재판장) 변재승 윤재식(주심) 이규홍

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2010두16172 · 대법원 2010-11-11
Revocation of Dismissal from Office
#2
91누4102 · 대법원 1991-11-22
Revocation of Dismissal Disposition
#3
2008두6387 · 대법원 2008-06-26
Revocation of Dismissal from Office
#4
98두18145 · 대법원 1999-03-09
Revocation of Dismissal from Office
#5
98두12017 · 대법원 1998-11-10
Revocation of Dismissal Disposition

Cases citing this decision

2014두35799 · 대법원 2014-06-26
부당징계구제재심판정취소
2012두10895 · 대법원 2012-10-11
감봉 2월 처분 취소
2009두19144 · 대법원 2010-02-25
견책처분감경및직위해제처분취소
2008두15404 · 대법원 2008-11-27
Revocation of Dismissal from Office
2006다33999 · 대법원 2007-12-28
직위해제및정직무효확인등

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)