Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2006두13626

Revocation of Dismissal and Discharge Disposition파면처분등취소

Decided2008. 10. 09. Court대법원Employer (government) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case involved civil servants who were full-time union officials (노조 전임자) and led a strike that was found not to be legitimate, resulting in their dismissal (파면) or discharge (해임). The Supreme Court held that even full-time union officials are not exempt from their duties as civil servants when their union activities exceed the scope of legitimate union conduct. It further ruled that misconduct covered by an immunity agreement (면책합의) with the employer, while it cannot serve as an independent disciplinary ground, may still be considered as reference material in determining the appropriate level of disciplinary action.

Key takeaways
  • CaseCivil servants acting as full-time union representatives led a strike later determined to be unlawful, leading to their dismissal or discharge.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court upheld the disciplinary actions, ruling that union officials are not exempt from civil servant duties when acting outside legitimate union activities, and that immunity-covered misconduct may still inform sentencing even if not used as a formal charge.
  • LessonUnion officials who are also civil servants must ensure their activities stay within legally protected bounds, as exceeding them restores full exposure to disciplinary duties, and prior immunity agreements do not fully shield past conduct from being weighed in future penalty decisions.
Issues
  • Scope of duty exemption for civil servants serving as full-time union officials (노조 전임자)
  • Whether misconduct covered by an immunity agreement (면책합의) can still be considered in determining disciplinary severity
  • Standard for assessing the legitimacy of a strike (파업의 정당성)
Key reasoning

The Court reasoned that a civil servant's status as a full-time union representative does not automatically exempt them from statutory duties such as the duty of good faith (성실의무), the duty of obedience (복종의무), and the prohibition against leaving one's post without permission (직장이탈금지의무). These exemptions only apply within the bounds of legitimate union activity; once a union official steps outside that scope—such as by leading an unlawful strike—the normal civil servant obligations remain fully in force. Regarding the immunity agreement, the Court distinguished between using misconduct as a formal disciplinary charge (which is barred once immunity has been agreed) and using it as background information to assess the severity of punishment for other, independently valid disciplinary grounds. Because the strike itself was found to lack legal legitimacy, the underlying disciplinary actions against the union leaders were upheld as lawful.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Every public official has the duty of good faith under Article 56 of the National Public Officials Act (국가공무원법), the duty of obedience under Article 57, and the duty not to leave one's post under Article 58, and even if a public official becomes a full-time union officer and is thereby exempted from the duty to provide labor, this exemption exists only for the purpose of guaranteeing that the official devotes himself to legitimate labor union activities as a full-time union officer. Therefore, even a public official who is a full-time union officer cannot be said to be entirely exempted from the above duties prescribed by the National Public Officials Act with respect to conduct that falls outside the scope of legitimate labor union activities.

[2] Even where an agreement of exemption from liability (면책합의) has been made not to discipline an employee with respect to certain misconduct, this only prohibits treating that misconduct as grounds for disciplinary action; it does not prohibit taking into account the fact that such exempted misconduct occurred as material for determining the appropriate level of disciplinary sanction when disciplining the employee on the basis of other, separate misconduct.

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,332 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 33 others (Attorneys: Law Firm Simin and 3 others)
[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 21 and 12 others (Attorneys: Law Firm Simin and 3 others)
[Defendant, Appellant and Appellee] Minister of Construction and Transportation (Attorney: Law Firm Dawoo, in charge of Attorney Seok Yun-su)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 2005Nu14440, decided June 15, 2006

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. Each party shall bear its own costs of appeal.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined as follows.

1. As to the grounds of appeal by Plaintiff 1 through Plaintiff 20, Plaintiff 22, Plaintiff 24, Plaintiff 25, Plaintiff 27 through Plaintiff 29, Plaintiff 34, Plaintiff 37 through Plaintiff 41, Plaintiff 46, and Plaintiff 47

A. Whether the strike in this case was legitimate

In order for a worker's collective action (industrial action) to constitute a legitimate act under the Criminal Act (형법), it must satisfy all of the following conditions: first, the subject thereof must be one who is capable of being a party to collective bargaining; second, its purpose must be to foster autonomous bargaining between labor and management for the improvement of working conditions; third, it must be commenced only when the employer has refused to engage in collective bargaining regarding the workers' specific demands for improvement of working conditions, and, absent special circumstances, must go through the procedures prescribed by statute, such as approval by a vote of the union members; and fourth, its means and methods must be reconcilable with the employer's property rights and must not amount to the exercise of violence (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 99Do4837, delivered on October 25, 2001).

According to the reasoning of the judgment below and of the first-instance judgment cited therein, the court below, after comprehensively considering the evidence it adopted and finding the facts as indicated in its reasoning, held as follows: it is reasonable to view that the primary purpose of the strike in this case was to wage a struggle against the Government in order to block the legislative process regarding railway structural reform related to the Government's plan to convert the railway into a corporation (공사화); the conversion of the railway into a corporation is a matter belonging to the Government's industrial policy decision-making authority and, in principle, cannot be the subject of collective bargaining; and, absent special circumstances such as that such policy was pursued with an improper intent without urgent managerial necessity or reasonable grounds, the primary purpose of the strike in this case cannot be recognized as legitimate. Furthermore, with respect to the procedure of the strike, the court below held that, once an agreement between the railway labor and management was reached on April 20, 2003 regarding the general strike resolution demanding withdrawal of privatization and improvement of working conditions, and the ratification procedure therefor had been completed, in order to carry out a new strike demanding rejection of the passage of the structural reform bill through the National Assembly on the ground of a breach of that agreement, separate procedures prescribed under the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합 및 노동관계조정법) had to be followed; however, since the strike in this case was carried out without excluding such requirements—that is, without conducting a vote of union members deciding on the industrial action, without notifying the occurrence of the dispute, and without undergoing the mediation-precedence procedure—the strike in this case cannot be recognized as legitimate in terms of its procedure either.

In light of the foregoing legal principles and the record, the above fact-finding and determination by the court below are justified.

The judgment below is not, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, unlawful due to a violation of the rules of evidence or a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the legitimacy of industrial action.

B. Propriety of the disciplinary action against the public officials who served as full-time union officers

Every public official bears the duty of good faith under Article 56 of the State Public Officials Act (국가공무원법), the duty of obedience under Article 57, and the duty not to leave one's post under Article 58. Even where a public official becomes a full-time union officer and is thereby exempted from the duty to provide labor, this exemption has meaning only insofar as it guarantees that the official may devote himself or herself to legitimate trade union activities as a full-time officer; therefore, even a public official who is a full-time union officer cannot be said to be entirely exempted from the above duties under the State Public Officials Act with respect to conduct that exceeds the scope of legitimate trade union activities.

Accordingly, it was justified for the court below to determine that the acts of Plaintiff 1 through Plaintiff 21, who, as full-time union officers, instigated the strike in this case, personally participated in the strike, and incited other union members to participate in the strike, exceeded the scope of legitimate trade union activities and thus violated the duty of good faith under Article 56 and the duty not to leave one's post under Article 58(1) of the State Public Officials Act, and that the fact that the above plaintiffs, despite the order to return to their posts issued by the Commissioner of the Korea National Railroad, failed to return to the designated place, such as the union office, by the deadline for return, constituted a violation of the duty of obedience prescribed in Article 57 of the State Public Officials Act.

The judgment below is not unlawful due to any misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the legal status of a public official who is a full-time union officer, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

C. Appropriateness of the disciplinary sanction imposed

(1) Whether misconduct covered by an exemption agreement may be taken into account

Even where an agreement has been reached not to impose discipline (an "exemption agreement") with respect to a worker's misconduct, such agreement merely prohibits treating that misconduct as a ground for discipline; it does not prohibit taking into account, as material for determining the appropriateness of the disciplinary sanction, the fact that such exempted misconduct occurred, when disciplining the worker on the basis of other misconduct (see Supreme Court Decision 94Da52294, delivered on September 5, 1995).

Accordingly, it was justified for the court below to hold that, although the misconduct of the above plaintiffs prior to April 30, 2003, which had originally been included in the request for discipline but was excluded from the grounds for discipline at the time of the disciplinary resolution, does not itself constitute a ground for discipline, it may nevertheless be taken into account as a factor in assessing the appropriateness of the disciplinary sanction.

The judgment below is not unlawful due to any misapprehension of fact or law concerning the grounds for discipline or the disciplinary authority's discretion that affected the outcome of the judgment, as alleged in this regard.

(2) Whether there was any other deviation from or abuse of discretion in determining the disciplinary sanction

Where grounds for discipline exist with respect to a public official subject to discipline, the choice of what disciplinary action to impose is a matter left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; however, only where the disciplinary action taken by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of its discretion is recognized as having so clearly lost reasonableness, in light of common social norms, as to constitute an abuse of discretion, may that action be deemed unlawful. In order to find that a disciplinary action against a public official has so clearly lost reasonableness in light of common social norms, it must be possible to determine, based on a comprehensive consideration of factors such as the content and nature of the misconduct giving rise to the discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved by the discipline, and the standards for determining the disciplinary sanction, considered in light of the specific case, that the disciplinary action is objectively and clearly unreasonable. Even though the exercise of the disciplinary authority is left to the discretion of the appointing authority, such disciplinary action shall be deemed to have exceeded the bounds of discretion and thus be unlawful where it violates the principle of public interest, which requires that disciplinary authority be exercised for a public purpose; where it violates the principle of proportionality by selecting an excessively harsh disciplinary sanction disproportionate to the general degree of the misconduct constituting the grounds for discipline; or where it violates the principle of equality by selecting, without reasonable cause, a disciplinary sanction that departs from and is inconsistent with the standards generally applied to misconduct of the same degree (see Supreme Court Decision 2006Du16991, delivered on April 13, 2007, among others).

According to the reasoning of the judgment below and of the first-instance judgment cited therein, the court below, after comprehensively considering the evidence it adopted and finding the facts as indicated in its reasoning, determined as follows: the above plaintiffs violated the duty of good faith under Article 56, the duty of obedience under Article 57, and the duty not to leave one's post under Article 58 of the State Public Officials Act; the fact that the above plaintiffs actively participated in the strike in this case, which not only failed to follow lawful procedures but also lacked legitimacy, cannot be said to constitute a light degree of violation of law; a considerable number of the above plaintiffs had previously been punished for crimes such as obstruction of business by participating in an illegal strike on February 25, 2002 in connection with railway union activities, and yet participated once again in the illegal strike in this case, and moreover incited the strike and played a leading role in various rallies; and, comprehensively considering various circumstances as indicated in its reasoning, including the manner and scale of the strike in this case, the above plaintiffs' positions within the railway union, and the status of the defendant's disciplinary actions against those involved in the strike in this case, the court below determined that, even taking fully into account the above plaintiffs' asserted grounds, including their records of commendation, the respective dispositions against the above plaintiffs in this case cannot be said to violate the principle of equity or to be excessively harsh in terms of the disciplinary sanction imposed.

In light of the foregoing legal principles and the record, upon examination of the relevant evidence, the above fact-finding and determination by the court below are deemed justified and acceptable.

The judgment below is not, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, unlawful due to a violation of the rules of evidence or a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the determination of disciplinary sanctions.

2. As to the defendant's grounds of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below and of the first-instance judgment cited therein, the court below, after comprehensively considering the evidence it adopted and finding the facts as indicated in its reasoning, determined as follows: although the respective grounds for discipline found against Plaintiff 21, Plaintiff 23, Plaintiff 26, Plaintiff 30 through Plaintiff 33, Plaintiff 35, Plaintiff 36, and Plaintiff 42 through Plaintiff 45 constitute violations of the duty of good faith under Article 56, the duty of obedience under Article 57, and the duty not to leave one's post under Article 58 of the State Public Officials Act, the grounds for discipline against most of the above plaintiffs consist of having participated in the strike in this case and having failed to comply with the Commissioner of the Korea National Railroad's order to return to duty; the above plaintiffs did not reach the level of actively leading or inciting the strike in this case, nor did they coerce other union members into participating in the strike against their will or obstruct the normal return to work after the strike, such that the degree of illegality is relatively minor; in the case of Plaintiff 21, although he led the general strike send-off ceremony on the day before the strike in this case in addition to the above grounds for discipline, it is difficult to see the degree of illegality as significantly different from that of a simple strike participant; in the case of Plaintiff 43, he had received commendations and citations on several occasions; and, in connection with the strike in this case, the severe disciplinary sanctions of removal from office or dismissal were imposed on only an extremely small number of simple participants. Comprehensively considering these and other circumstances as indicated in its reasoning, the court below determined that disciplining the above plaintiffs by removal from office or dismissal constitutes an unlawful deviation from or abuse of the disciplinary discretion.

In light of the legal principles set forth in 1.C.(2) above and the record, the above fact-finding and determination by the court below are deemed justified and acceptable.

The judgment below cannot be said to be unlawful due to a failure to exhaust the deliberation required, or due to a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the determination of disciplinary sanctions, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Conclusion

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal shall be borne by the respective losing parties. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous concurrence of the Justices participating in the deliberation.

Justice Cha Han-sung (Presiding Justice), Ko Hyun-cheol, Kim Ji-hyung (Justice in charge), Jeon Su-an

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원은 누구나 국가공무원법 제56조의 성실의무, 제57조의 복종의무, 제58조의 직장이탈금지의무가 있고, 공무원이 노동조합 전임자가 되어 근로제공의무가 면제된다고 하더라도 이는 노동조합 전임자로서 정당한 노동조합의 활동에 전념하는 것을 보장하기 위한 것에 그 의미가 있으므로, 노동조합 전임자인 공무원이라 하여도 정당한 노동조합활동의 범위를 벗어난 경우까지 국가공무원법에 정한 위 의무들이 전적으로 면제된다고 할 수는 없다.

[2] 근로자의 비위행위에 관하여 징계를 하지 않기로 하는 면책합의를 하였다 하더라도 이는 그 비위행위를 징계사유로 삼는 것을 허용하지 않는 것일 뿐, 그 밖의 다른 비위행위를 징계사유로 하여 근로자를 징계하면서 면책합의된 비위행위가 있었던 점을 징계양정의 판단자료로 삼는 것까지 금하는 것은 아니다.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제4조, 제37조 제1항, 국가공무원법 제56조, 제57조, 제58조 제1항

[2] 근로기준법 제23조

【참조판례】

[2] 대법원 1995. 9. 5. 선고 94다52294 판결(공1995하, 3348)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,901자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 33인 (소송대리인 법무법인 시민외 3인)

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 21 외 12인 (소송대리인 법무법인 시민외 3인)

【피고, 상고인 겸 피상고인】 건설교통부장관(소송대리인 법무법인 다우 담당변호사 석윤수)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2006. 6. 15. 선고 2005누14440 판결

【주 문】

상고를 각 기각한다. 상고비용은 각자가 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 원고 1 내지 원고 20, 원고 22, 원고 24, 원고 25, 원고 27 내지 원고 29, 원고 34, 원고 37 내지 원고 41, 원고 46, 원고 47의 상고이유에 대하여

가. 이 사건 파업의 정당성 여부

근로자의 쟁의행위가 형법상 정당행위가 되기 위하여는, 첫째 그 주체가 단체교섭의 주체로 될 수 있는 자이어야 하고, 둘째 그 목적이 근로조건의 향상을 위한 노사 간의 자치적 교섭을 조성하는 데에 있어야 하며, 셋째 사용자가 근로자의 근로조건 개선에 관한 구체적인 요구에 대하여 단체교섭을 거부하였을 때 개시하되 특별한 사정이 없는 한 조합원의 찬성결정 등 법령이 규정한 절차를 거쳐야 하고, 넷째 그 수단과 방법이 사용자의 재산권과 조화를 이루어야 함은 물론, 폭력의 행사에 해당되지 아니하여야 한다는 여러 조건을 모두 구비하여야 한다(대법원 2001. 10. 25. 선고 99도4837 전원합의체 판결 참조).

원심판결 및 원심이 인용한 제1심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 그 채용 증거들을 종합하여 그 판시와 같은 사실들을 인정한 다음, 이 사건 파업의 주된 목적은 정부의 철도 공사화와 관련한 철도구조개혁에 관한 입법절차를 저지하기 위한 대정부 투쟁에 있었다고 봄이 상당하고, 철도의 공사화는 정부의 산업정책적 결단에 속하는 사항으로서 원칙적으로 단체교섭의 대상이 될 수 없는 것이며, 또한 이러한 정책이 긴박한 경영상의 필요나 합리적인 이유 없이 불순한 의도로 추진되었다는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 이상, 이 사건 파업의 주된 목적은 그 정당성을 인정할 수 없고, 파업절차와 관련하여 보더라도, 민영화철회 및 근로조건 개선을 요구하는 총파업결의에 대하여 2003. 4. 20. 철도노사 합의가 이루어지고 이에 대한 인준절차가 끝난 이상, 그 합의 위반을 이유로 구조개혁 법안 국회통과 반대를 요구하며 새로운 파업을 하기 위해서는 별도로 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법에서 정하고 있는 절차를 거쳐야 함에도 불구하고, 이를 배제한 채 조합원들의 찬반투표에 의한 쟁의행위결정, 쟁의발생 통보, 조정전치 등의 절차를 실시하지 않고 한 이 사건 파업은 그 절차에 있어서도 정당성이 인정되지 않는다고 하였다.

위 법리와 기록에 비추어 보면, 원심의 위와 같은 사실인정과 판단은 정당하다.

원심판결에는 이에 관하여 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같이 채증법칙 위배 내지 쟁의행위의 정당성에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

나. 노조전임자인 공무원에 대한 징계의 당부

공무원은 누구나 국가공무원법 제56조의 성실의무, 제57조의 복종의무, 제58조의 직장이탈금지의무가 있고, 공무원이 노동조합 전임자가 되어 근로제공의무가 면제된다고 하더라도 이는 노동조합 전임자로서 정당한 노동조합의 활동에 전념하는 것을 보장하기 위한 것에 그 의미가 있다 할 것이므로, 노동조합 전임자인 공무원이라 하여도 정당한 노동조합활동의 범위를 벗어난 경우까지 국가공무원법에 정한 위 의무들이 전적으로 면제된다고 할 수는 없다.

따라서 원심이, 원고 1 내지 21이 노동조합의 전임자로서 이 사건 파업을 주동하고, 위 파업에 스스로 참가하였으며 다른 조합원의 파업 참가를 선동한 행위는 정당한 노동조합의 활동을 벗어난 것이어서 국가공무원법 제56조의 성실의무, 제58조 제1항의 직장이탈 금지의무에 위반되고, 위 원고들이 철도청장이 내린 직장 복귀명령에도 불구하고, 복귀시한까지 노조사무실 등 지정된 장소에 복귀하지 아니한 것은 국가공무원법 제57조에 정한 복종의무를 위반한 것이라고 판단한 것은 정당하다.

원심판결에는 이에 관하여 상고이유에서 주장하는 노동조합 전임자인 공무원의 법적 지위에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

다. 징계양정의 적정성

(1) 면책합의한 비위행위를 참작할 수 있는지 여부

근로자의 비위행위에 관하여 징계를 하지 않기로 하는 면책합의를 하였다 하더라도 이는 그 비위행위를 징계사유로 삼는 것을 허용하지 않는 것일 뿐 그 밖의 다른 비위행위를 징계사유로 하여 근로자를 징계함에 있어 면책합의된 비위행위가 있었던 점을 징계양정의 판단자료로 삼는 것까지 금하는 것은 아니다(대법원 1995. 9. 5. 선고 94다52294 판결 참조)

따라서 원심이 당초 징계요구 사항에 포함되어 있다가 징계의결시 징계사유에서 제외된 2003. 4. 30. 이전에 있었던 위 원고들의 비위행위는 징계사유 자체는 아니나 징계양정의 적정성 등을 판단하는 데 있어서는 참작사유가 된다고 한 것은 정당하다.

원심판결에는 이에 관하여 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 징계사유 또는 징계재량권에 대한 사실오인 내지 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

(2) 그 밖의 징계양정에 관한 재량권 일탈·남용 여부

공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어서 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가는 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 일이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있으며, 공무원에 대한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 하고, 징계권의 행사가 임용권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이라고 하여도 공익적 목적을 위하여 징계권을 행사하여야 할 공익의 원칙에 반하거나 일반적으로 징계사유로 삼은 비행의 정도에 비하여 균형을 잃은 과중한 징계처분을 선택함으로써 비례의 원칙에 위반하거나 또는 합리적인 사유 없이 같은 정도의 비행에 대하여 일반적으로 적용하여 온 기준과 어긋나게 공평을 잃은 징계처분을 선택함으로써 평등의 원칙에 위반한 경우에 이러한 징계처분은 재량권의 한계를 벗어난 처분으로서 위법하다 할 것이다(대법원 2007. 4. 13. 선고 2006두16991 판결 등 참조)

원심판결 및 원심이 인용한 제1심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 그 채용 증거들을 종합하여 그 판시와 같은 사실들을 인정한 다음, 위 원고들은 국가공무원법 제56조의 성실의무, 제57조의 복종의무, 제58조의 직장이탈금지의무를 위반하였고, 위 원고들이 적법 절차를 거치지 않음은 물론, 정당성도 결여된 이 사건 파업에 적극적으로 참가한 것은 그 법령위반의 정도가 결코 가볍다고 할 수 없는 점, 위 원고들 중 상당수가 철도노조 활동과 관련하여 2002. 2. 25. 불법파업에 참가함으로써 업무방해 등 죄로 처벌받은 전력이 있는데도 또 다시 이 사건 불법파업에 참가하였을 뿐만 아니라, 이 사건 파업을 선동하고 여러 집회에서 주도적인 활동을 한 점, 이 사건 파업의 태양과 규모, 위 원고들의 철도노조에서의 지위, 피고의 이 사건 파업 관련자에 대한 징계 상황을 비롯한 그 판시와 같은 여러 사정을 종합하여 보면, 위 원고들의 포상 경력 등을 비롯한 그들 주장사유를 모두 참작하더라도, 위 원고들에 대한 이 사건 각 처분이 형평의 원칙에 반한다거나 징계양정이 지나치게 가혹하다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리 및 기록에 비추어 관계 증거들을 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 사실인정과 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍이 된다.

원심판결에는 이에 관하여 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같이 채증법칙 위배 내지 징계양정에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

2. 피고의 상고이유에 대하여

원심판결 및 원심이 인용한 제1심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 그 채용 증거들을 종합하여 그 판시와 같은 사실들을 인정한 다음, 원고 21, 원고 23, 원고 26, 원고 30 내지 원고 33, 원고 35, 원고 36, 원고 42 내지 원고 45에 대하여 인정되는 각 징계사유들은 국가공무원법 제56조의 성실의무, 제57조의 복종의무, 제58조의 직장이탈금지의무를 위반한 것이기는 하나, 위 원고들 대부분에 대한 징계사유는 이 사건 파업에 참가하고 철도청장의 복귀명령에 불응하였다는 것이고, 위 원고들은 이 사건 파업을 적극적으로 주도하거나 선동하는 정도에 이르지 않았으며, 다른 조합원들을 그 의사에 반하여 파업에 참가하도록 강요하거나 파업 후 정상적인 업무복귀를 방해하지는 아니하여 위법성의 정도가 상대적으로 크지 않은 점, 원고 21의 경우 위 징계사유 외에 이 사건 파업 전일에 총파업 출정식을 주도하기는 하였으나 그 위법성 정도가 단순 파업참가자와 크게 차이가 난다고 보기 어려운 점, 원고 43의 경우 수차례 훈장과 표창을 받은 점, 이 사건 파업과 관련하여 단순 참가자에 대해서는 극히 일부에 대해서만 파면이나 해임의 중한 징계처분이 내려진 점을 비롯한 그 판시와 같은 여러 사정을 종합하여 보면, 파면 또는 해임으로 위 원고들을 징계하는 것은 그 징계재량권을 일탈하거나 남용한 것으로 위법하다고 판단하였다.

위 1.의 다. (2)에서 본 법리 및 기록에 비추어 보면, 원심의 위와 같은 사실인정과 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍이 된다.

원심판결에는 이에 관하여 상고이유에서 주장하는 바와 같이 심리를 다하지 아니하거나, 징계양정에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

3. 결 론

그러므로 상고를 각 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자들 각자가 부담하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 차한성(재판장) 고현철 김지형(주심) 전수안

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