Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2004도4641

Obstruction of Business (업무방해)업무방해

Decided2004. 09. 24. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Union members of a subcontractor to Daewoo Motors went on strike and were prosecuted for obstruction of business (업무방해). The Supreme Court found that the strike was lawful in terms of procedure, purpose, and the means and methods used, and confirmed the workers' acquittal.

Key takeaways
  • CaseUnion members at a Daewoo Motors subcontractor held a half-day strike to push for a collective bargaining agreement and were charged with obstruction of business.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled the strike was lawful in procedure and substance, upholding the workers' acquittal.
  • LessonA strike organized at the branch level is procedurally valid if approved by a majority of that branch's members, without requiring approval from the entire union.
Issues
  • Whether the decision-making procedure for a branch-level strike was legally valid
  • Whether the purpose, means, and methods of the strike were legitimate
Key reasoning

The Court held that for a strike organized at the branch (지부) level, procedural legality only requires approval by a majority of the members within that specific branch, not a vote of the entire union membership. In this case, the strike was a half-day action aimed at concluding a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) and was carried out without violence. Because the strike satisfied the proper decision-making procedure and pursued a legitimate labor relations purpose through peaceful means, it was deemed a lawful exercise of the right to collective action.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] As a procedural requirement for a worker's industrial action (쟁의행위) to constitute justifiable conduct (정당행위) under criminal law, Article 41(1) of the Act on the Adjustment of Labor Relations (Act on the Adjustment of Labor Relations, 노동조합및노동관계조정법), which requires that industrial action be decided upon through a procedure of approval by direct, secret, and unsigned vote of the union members, is a provision established in order to promote the autonomous and democratic operation of the labor union and, at the same time, to ensure greater prudence in the union's decision-making concerning the commencement of industrial action, so that workers who participate in the industrial action will not later suffer any disadvantage in connection with the question of the justifiability of that industrial action.

[2] In the case of a regional, industry-wide, or trade-wide labor union, unless it is a general strike, industrial action shall be deemed procedurally lawful if approved by a majority of the union members belonging to the particular branch or chapter (지부 or 분회) that is scheduled to engage in the industrial action; it is not required that a majority of all union members, including those of branches or chapters unrelated to the industrial action, give their approval.

[3] A case holding that the industrial action of a labor union of a subcontractor (협력업체) of an automobile company could be recognized as justifiable in terms of its purpose, means, and methods.

Full text (English, AI translation) 4,004 chars

[Defendant] Defendant
[Appellant] Prosecutor
[Defense Counsel] Attorney Kim Ki-deok and 5 others
[Lower Court Decision] Jeonju District Court Decision 2004No190, decided July 2, 2004

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.

[Reasoning]

1. As a procedural requirement for a worker's industrial action to constitute a justifiable act under the Criminal Act (형법), Article 41(1) of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합및노동관계조정법), which requires that industrial action be preceded by a resolution of approval by direct, secret, and unsigned ballot of the union members, is a provision established for the purpose of promoting the autonomous and democratic operation of labor unions and, at the same time, ensuring greater deliberation in the union's decision to commence industrial action so that workers who participate in the industrial action are not subsequently subjected to any disadvantage in connection with the legitimacy of that industrial action (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 99Do4837, delivered October 25, 2001).
In light of this purpose, in the case of regional, industry-wide, or trade-based labor unions, unless the action is a general strike, the industrial action shall be deemed procedurally lawful if a majority of the union members belonging to the branch or chapter for which the industrial action is planned approve it, and it is not required that a majority of the entire membership, including members of branches or chapters unrelated to the industrial action, approve it.

The court below found that, on July 16, 2001, 14 of the 15 total members of the Korea Pelzer Branch of the Daewoo Motors Gunsan Region Cooperative Company Labor Union (hereinafter "the Cooperative Company Labor Union"), of which the Defendant was a member, attended and voted on whether to approve industrial action, and that all attendees voted in favor, resulting in a resolution to undertake industrial action; and that on the 18th of the same month, a report of the occurrence of a labor dispute was filed with the Gunsan Regional Labor Office. Based on these findings, the court below determined that, since a majority of the members of the Korea Pelzer Branch of the Cooperative Company Labor Union had resolved to undertake industrial action as described above, the industrial action in this case was procedurally lawful even without the approval of a majority of all members of the Cooperative Company Labor Union.

Upon examination of the legal principles set forth above and the record, the judgment of the court below is justified, and there is no error of mistaking facts or misapprehending legal principles as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

2. The court below determined that the Defendant's refusal to work and participation in rallies, etc., could be recognized as legitimate because the purpose of the industrial action was the conclusion of a collective agreement between the Cooperative Company Labor Union and Korea Pelzer Co., Ltd.; and further determined that, since the industrial action in this case was carried out as a whole in accordance with the directives of the Cooperative Company Labor Union, its duration was very short, using only half a day either in the morning or afternoon, and no violence whatsoever was used, it should be regarded as naturally incidental to the lawful exercise of the union's right to collective action and within the scope of the employer's duty to tolerate such action, and thus its means and methods could also be recognized as legitimate. Upon examination of the record, the judgment of the court below is justified and may be upheld, and there is no error of mistaking facts or misapprehending legal principles as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and this Judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Chief Justice Lee Kang-kook (Presiding Justice), Justice Yoo Ji-dam (Justice in charge), Justice Bae Ki-won, Justice Kim Yong-dam

【판결요지】

[1] 근로자의 쟁의행위가 형법상 정당행위가 되기 위한 절차적 요건으로서, 쟁의행위를 함에 있어 조합원의 직접·비밀·무기명투표에 의한 찬성결정이라는 절차를 거치도록 한 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제41조 제1항은 노동조합의 자주적이고 민주적인 운영을 도모함과 아울러 쟁의행위에 참가한 근로자들이 사후에 그 쟁의행위의 정당성 유무와 관련하여 어떠한 불이익을 당하지 않도록 그 개시에 관한 조합의사의 결정에 보다 신중을 기하기 위하여 마련된 규정이다.

[2] 지역별·산업별·업종별 노동조합의 경우에는 총파업이 아닌 이상 쟁의행위를 예정하고 있는 당해 지부나 분회소속 조합원의 과반수의 찬성이 있으면 쟁의행위는 절차적으로 적법하다고 보아야 할 것이고, 쟁의행위와 무관한 지부나 분회의 조합원을 포함한 전체 조합원의 과반수 이상의 찬성을 요하는 것은 아니다.

[3] 자동차회사 협력업체 노동조합의 쟁의행위가 목적, 수단 및 방법에 있어서 그 정당성을 인정할 수 있다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제41조 제1항

[2] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제4조, 제37조, 제41조 제1항

[3] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제4조, 제37조, 형법 제20조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2001. 10. 25. 선고 99도4837 전원합의체 판결(공2001하, 2624)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,439자 · 펼쳐 보기

【피 고 인】 피고인

【상 고 인】 검사

【변 호 인】 변호사 김기덕 외 5인

【원심판결】 전주지법 2004. 7. 2. 선고 2004노190 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

【이 유】1. 근로자의 쟁의행위가 형법상 정당행위가 되기 위한 절차적 요건으로서, 쟁의행위를 함에 있어 조합원의 직접·비밀·무기명투표에 의한 찬성결정이라는 절차를 거치도록 한 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제41조 제1항은 노동조합의 자주적이고 민주적인 운영을 도모함과 아울러 쟁의행위에 참가한 근로자들이 사후에 그 쟁의행위의 정당성 유무와 관련하여 어떠한 불이익을 당하지 않도록 그 개시에 관한 조합의사의 결정에 보다 신중을 기하기 위하여 마련된 규정이라고 할 것이다(대법원 2001. 10. 25. 선고 99도4837 전원합의체 판결 참조).

이와 같은 취지에 비추어 보면, 지역별·산업별·업종별 노동조합의 경우에는 총파업이 아닌 이상 쟁의행위를 예정하고 있는 당해 지부나 분회소속 조합원의 과반수의 찬성이 있으면 쟁의행위는 절차적으로 적법하다고 보아야 할 것이고, 쟁의행위와 무관한 지부나 분회의 조합원을 포함한 전체 조합원의 과반수 이상의 찬성을 요하는 것은 아니라고 할 것이다.

원심은, 2001. 7. 16. 피고인 등 대우자동차 군산지역 협력업체노동조합(이하 '협력업체노동조합'이라고 한다) 한국펠저 지부의 전체 조합원 15명 중 14명이 참석하여 쟁의행위 찬반투표를 하여 참석자 전원의 찬성으로 쟁의행위의 결의를 하였고, 같은 달 18. 군산지방노동사무소에 노동쟁의 발생신고를 한 사실을 인정한 다음, 협력업체노동조합 한국펠저 지부 조합원 과반수 이상이 위와 같이 쟁의행위를 결의한 이상, 협력업체노동조합의 전 조합원의 과반수 찬성이 없어도 이 사건 쟁의행위는 절차적으로 적법하다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리 및 기록에 의하여 살펴보면, 원심의 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 사실오인이나 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

2. 원심은, 피고인이 작업을 거부하고 집회 등에 참석한 것은 그 쟁의행위의 목적이 협력업체노동조합과 한국펠저 주식회사 사이의 단체협약체결이었으므로 정당성을 인정할 수 있다고 판단하고, 이 사건 쟁의행위가 전체적으로 협력업체노동조합의 지침에 따라 이루어졌고, 그 기간이 매우 짧고 시간도 오전 또는 오후의 반나절만 이용하였으며, 폭력은 전혀 사용되지 아니하였던 점에서 이는 노동조합의 합법적인 단체행동권 행사에 자연히 수반되는 것으로서 사용자의 수인의무의 범위 내라고 봄이 상당하므로 그 수단 및 방법에 있어서도 정당성을 인정할 수 있다고 판단하였는바, 기록에 의하여 살펴보면 원심의 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 사실오인이나, 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이강국(재판장) 유지담(주심) 배기원 김용담

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
95도1959 · 대법원 1996-01-26
Obstruction of Business · Dereliction of Duty · Incitement t
#2
90도2771 · 대법원 1991-04-23
Business Obstruction (업무방해)
#3
2009고단1159-1(분리) · 수원지방법원 평택지원 2009-11-25
폭력 행위등 처벌에 관한 법률위반(집단·흉기등 퇴거 불응)·업무 방해·건조물 침입
#4
90도2528 · 대법원 1991-03-27
폭력행위등처벌에관한법률위반,업무방해,노동쟁의조정법위반,업무상배임
#5
91도3051 · 대법원 1992-05-08
업무방해,출판물에의한명예훼손

Cases citing this decision

2007두12859 · 대법원 2009-06-23
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)