Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 82누507

Revocation of Decision on Damages for Violation of Working Conditions (근로조건위반에따른손해배상결정취소)근로조건위반에따른손해배상결정취소

Decided1983. 04. 12. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) — the Labor Relations Commission's decision was found to be beyond its authority
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A worker filed a claim with the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) seeking damages for violation of working conditions on the grounds of unfair dismissal (부당해고). The Supreme Court (대법원) held that since this claim necessarily presupposed a determination on the validity of the dismissal itself, it did not constitute a claim for damages for violation of stated working conditions under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 제23조), and therefore the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회) had no authority to issue a decision on it. The Court reversed and remanded the lower court's ruling.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA dismissed worker sought damages from the Labor Relations Commission, claiming the dismissal violated his working conditions.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that unfair dismissal claims are distinct from working-condition violation claims, so the Commission had no authority to decide the case.
  • LessonWorkers must pursue unfair dismissal remedies (부당해고 구제신청) separately from Article 23 working-condition damage claims, as the two require different legal proceedings and authorities.
Issues
  • What requirements must be met for the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) to order damages under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 제23조)
  • Whether a worker has a right to claim damages under Article 23 in cases of unfair dismissal (부당해고), and whether the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회) has authority to decide such claims
Key reasoning

Damages under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법 제23조) are premised on a violation of explicitly stated working conditions. However, a claim based on unfair dismissal (부당해고) requires a prior determination of whether the dismissal itself is valid or invalid, which is a fundamentally different legal issue from a breach of stated working conditions. Because these two types of claims differ in nature, the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회) lacks the authority to review and decide on a claim of this kind under Article 23. Therefore, the lower court erred in treating the unfair dismissal claim as falling within the scope of Article 23 damages.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

a.
The decision made by the Labor Relations Commission with respect to a claim for damages under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) must be premised on the fact that the employer, in violation of the working conditions, caused damage to the employee, and must order the employer to compensate for such damage on the ground that the employee has a right to claim such damages.

b. If an employee's claim against the employer for payment of money is premised on the dismissal of the employee being null and void as being in violation of Article 27, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), then whether the dismissal is null and void as being in violation of the said statutory provision must first be determined, and therefore such a claim cannot be deemed a claim for damages arising from a violation of working conditions under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and the National Labor Relations Commission has no authority to examine and decide upon such a claim by the employee.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,353 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Hanguk Sejeong Sinbo Co., Attorney Kim Sang-hun, Counsel for the Plaintiff

[Defendant, Appellee] Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission

[Judgment Below]

Seoul High Court, Judgment of October 25, 1982, Case No. 81Gu681

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

The court below found the following facts: Nonparty, who had worked as a printer for the Plaintiff company, filed a claim for damages with the competent Labor Relations Commission against the Plaintiff on the ground that he had suffered an unfair dismissal in violation of the terms of employment; and on September 30, 1981, the National Labor Relations Commission, finding that the Nonparty's claim had merit, rendered the decision at issue in the judgment below (hereinafter "this decision"), ordering the Plaintiff to pay the amount of money stated in the judgment below. Having found these facts, the court below held that, pursuant to Article 23, Paragraph 2 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), the National Labor Relations Commission has the authority to hear and decide claims for damages arising from violation of the terms of employment under Paragraph 1 of the same Article, and therefore the National Labor Relations Commission's decision was lawful as being within the scope of its authority.

However, Article 23, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act provides that where the terms of employment specified pursuant to Article 22 differ from the actual facts, the employee may claim damages for the violation of the terms of employment, or may terminate the employment contract.

Paragraph 2 provides that where an employee makes a claim for damages under Paragraph 1, the employee may file an application with the Labor Relations Commission. Therefore, in order for a decision of the Labor Relations Commission to constitute a decision concerning a claim for damages under the above Article 23, the content of the decision must be premised on the fact that the employer violated the terms of employment and thereby caused damage to the employee, and must order the employer to pay damages on the ground that the employee has a right to claim such damages. However, upon examining the judgment below, there is no statement whatsoever, either in the grounds of this decision of the National Labor Relations Commission or in the decision itself, as to the basis on which it ordered the Plaintiff to pay the amount of money stated in the judgment below on the ground that the Nonparty had a right to claim damages; nor is there any statement as to which of the terms of employment specified at the time of the conclusion of the employment contract with the Nonparty employee the Plaintiff, as employer, violated, and how such violation caused the Nonparty to sustain the damage stated in the decision.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, on the premise that the dismissal of the Nonparty by the Plaintiff should be determined based on whether the dismissal was justified as referred to in the Labor Standards Act, held that the dismissal, having been made without just cause, is recognized as an unfair dismissal, thereby stating, in effect, that since the dismissal was made "without just cause" as provided in Article 27, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act, the Plaintiff must pay the amount stated in the judgment to the Nonparty. Meanwhile, according to the reasoning of this decision (Exhibit Eul No. 1), it can be seen that the National Labor Relations Commission determined that the Plaintiff, who dismissed the Nonparty, is deemed to have violated Article 27, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act, and, on the premise that the dismissal was invalid as being in violation of the said provision, ordered the Plaintiff to pay the amount of money stated in the judgment below. Thus, if the Nonparty's claim for payment of money in this case is premised on the dismissal being invalid as violating Article 27, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act, then whether the dismissal is invalid as violating the said provision must first be determined; therefore, such a claim cannot be deemed a claim for damages due to violation of the terms of employment under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act, and the National Labor Relations Commission has no authority to hear and decide such a claim by the Nonparty.

The court below, without conducting any examination or making any determination as to the grounds for this decision of the National Labor Relations Commission or the basis for ordering the Plaintiff to pay money in the said decision, held that this decision of the National Labor Relations Commission was a decision concerning a claim for damages due to violation of the terms of employment under Article 23 of the Labor Standards Act; this constitutes an illegality due to incomplete deliberation or failure to state adequate reasons, and the argument on this point is well-founded.

Therefore, without examining the remaining grounds of appeal, it is decided to reverse the judgment below and remand the case, and it is so ordered by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices, as stated in the Order.

Justice Jeong Tae-gyun (Presiding Justice), Yun Il-yeong, Kim Deok-ju, Oh Seong-hwan

【판결요지】

가. 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 손해배상청구에 관하여 노동위원회가 하는 결정은 사용자가 근로조건을 위반하여 근로자에게 손해를 입힌 사실을 전제로 하고 그로 인하여 근로자의 손해배상청구권이 있다고 하여 그 손해의 배상을 사용자에게 명하는 것이어야 한다.

나. 근로자의 사용자에 대한 금원지급청구가 그에 대한 해고가 근로기준법 제27조 제1항에 위반되어 무효인 것을 전제로 하는 것이라면 그 해고가 위 법조항에 위반되어 무효인가의 여부를 먼저 판단하여야 할 것이므로 이러한 청구를 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 근로조건 위반으로 인한 손해배상청구라고는 할 수 없을 것이고 근로자의 이러한 청구에 대하여 중앙노동위원회는 이를 심리, 결정할 권한이 없다.

【참조조문】

가. 근로기준법 제23조 / 나. 제23조, 제27조

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,037자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 한국세정신보사 소송대리인 변호사 김상훈

【피고, 피상고인】 중앙노동위원회 위원장

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1982.10.25 선고 81구681 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원으로 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

원심은 원고 회사의 인쇄공으로 근무하던 소외 인이 원고를 상대로 하여 근로조건에 위반한 부당한 해고를 당하였다는 이유로 손해배상청구를 관할 노동위원회에 신청하고 중앙노동위원회는 1981.9.30 위 소외인의 신청이 이유있다 하여 원판시 금원을 지급할 것을 원고에게 명하는 원판시 이건 결정을 한 사실을 인정한 다음, 중앙노동위원회는 근로기준법 제23조 제2항의 규정에 의하여 같은조 제1항 소정의 근로조건위반에 인한 손해배상청구에 관하여 심리, 결정할 권한이 있으므로 중앙노동위원회의 위 결정은 그 권한범위내의 것으로서 적법한 것이라고 판시하고 있다.

그러나 근로기준법 제23조 제1항은 제22조의 규정에 의하여 명시된 근로조건이 사실과 상위가 있을 경우에는 근로자는 근로조건위반에 인한 손해의 배상을 청구할 수 있으며 또는 근로계약을 해제할 수 있다.

제2항은 제1항의 규정에 의하여 근로자가 손해배상을 청구할 경우에는 노동위원회에 신청할 수 있다고 규정하고 있으므로 노동위원회의 결정이 위 제23조 소정의 손해배상 청구에 관한 결정이라고 하려면 그 결정내용이 사용자가 근로조건을 위반하여 근로자에게 손해를 입힌 사실을 전제로 하고 근로자는 그로 인한 손해배상 청구권이 있다고 하여 그 손해의 배상을 사용자에게 명하는 것이어야 할 것인바 원심판결을 살펴보아도 중앙노동위원회의 이건 결정이유나 그 결정에서 위 소외인에게 손해배상 청구권이 있다고 하여 원판시 금원의 지급을 원고에게 명한 근거가 무엇인지 전혀 설시가 없을뿐 아니라 사용자인 원고가 근로자인 위 소외인의 근로계약 초결시 명시된 근로조건중 어느 것을 위반하여 위 소외인에게 그 판시와 같은 손해가 발생하였다는 것인지 아무런 설시도 없다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 원고가 한 위 소외인의 해고는 근로기준법에서 말하는 해고의 정당성 여부로 판단하여야 할 것이라는 것을 전제로 하고 위 해고가 정당한 이유없이 된 것으로 부당해고임이 인정된다고 판시함으로써 위 해고가 근로기준법 제27조 제1항 소정의 " 정당한 이유없이" 된 것이므로 원고는 그 판시금원을 위 소외인에게 지급하여야 할 것이라는 취지로 설시하고 있고 이건 결정(을 제1호증)이유에 의하면 중앙노동위원회는 위 소외인을 해고한 원고는 근로기준법 제27조 제1항을 위반하였다고 판단된다고 하면서 위 해고가 위 법조에 위반되어 무효인 것을 전제로 하여 원판시 금원을 지급할 것을 원고에게 명하고 있음을 알 수 있는바, 이와 같이 위 소외인의 이건 금원지급청구가 그에 대한 해고를 근로기준법 제27조 제1항에 위반되어 무효인 것을 전제로 하는 것이라면 그 해고가 위 법조항에 위반되어 무효인가의 여부를 먼저 판단하여야 할 것이므로 이러한 청구를 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 근로조건위반에 인한 손해배상청구라고는 할 수 없을 것이고 위 소외인의 이러한 청구에 대하여 중앙노동위원회는 이를 심리, 결정할 권한이 없다 할 것이다.

원심이 중앙노동위원회의 이건 결정이유나 위 결정에서 원고에게 금원지급을 명한 근거에 대하여 아무런 심리판단을 하지 아니한 채 중앙노동위원회의 이건 결정이 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 근로조건위반에 인한 손해배상청구에 대한 결정이라고 판시한 것은 심리미진 내지 이유불비의 위법이 있다 할 것이고 이점에 관한 논지는 이유있다.

그러므로 나머지 상고이유에 대한 판단을 생략하고, 원심판결을 파기환송하기로 하여 관여법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 정태균(재판장) 윤일영 김덕주 오성환

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