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대법원 90누4204

Revocation of Disposition Imposing Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Premiums산업재해보상보험보험료부과처분취소

Decided1991. 01. 25. Court대법원Employer lost (the company's appeal was dismissed)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The Supreme Court held that in determining the type of business (사업종류) for applying industrial accident compensation insurance (산업재해보상보험) premium rates, authorities must comprehensively consider not only the company's licensed or registered business category but also its actual business activities and work patterns. Where a company conducts two or more types of business concurrently, the primary business type should be determined based on which business accounts for a greater share of factors such as number of employees and total wages. Although Hanyoung Engineering claimed to be a manufacturing company, the Court found its actual operations to be construction-related, and accordingly dismissed the company's appeal.

Key takeaways
  • CaseHanyoung Engineering, officially licensed as a manufacturing company, was assessed industrial accident insurance premiums based on the tax authority's finding that its actual work was construction-related.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court upheld the premium assessment, ruling that real business substance—not the formal business license—determines the applicable industry classification for insurance premium purposes.
  • LessonEmployers should ensure that their industrial accident insurance classification accurately reflects their actual day-to-day business operations, rather than relying solely on their registered or licensed business category, to avoid disputes over premium rates.
Issues
  • Criteria for determining business type when applying industrial accident compensation insurance premium rates
  • Standard for identifying the primary business when a company operates two or more types of business concurrently
  • How to classify business type when the licensed or registered business category differs from the actual business activities conducted
Key reasoning

The Court reasoned that classification of business type for insurance rate purposes cannot rely solely on formal licenses or registrations, but must reflect the real substance of the company's operations and work methods. When a business entity engages in multiple lines of business simultaneously, the determination of the 'primary business' should be based on objective indicators such as the relative number of employees and total wage amounts attributable to each business segment. In this case, despite Hanyoung Engineering's formal classification as a manufacturer, the actual nature of its work was predominantly construction-related. Therefore, the industrial accident insurance premium rate applicable to the construction industry was properly applied, and the company's appeal was rejected.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

In order to determine which category in the Table of Illustrative Business Types (사업종류예시표) for the application of industrial accident compensation insurance premium rates, as publicly notified by the Minister of Labor, a company's type of business falls under, not only the license or registered type of business of the workplace but also the actual content of the business and the form of work must be comprehensively taken into account. Where two or more types of business are conducted together, it is necessary to first determine which business carries greater weight in terms of the number of workers and total wages, among other factors, before determining the applicable category.

Full text (English, AI translation) 2,766 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Hanyoung Engineering Co., Ltd., Counsel Yoo Byung-gap, Attorney-at-law
[Defendant, Appellee] Head of Daegu Regional Employment and Labor Office
[Judgment Below] Daegu High Court Decision 89Gu214 rendered on April 25, 1990

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

In order to determine which category, among the categories listed in the Illustrative Table of Business Types for the Application of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Rates publicly notified by the Minister of Labor, a company's type of business falls under, not only the license or registered type of business of the relevant workplace but also the actual content of the business and the form of work must be comprehensively considered. Where two or more types of business are carried on together, it must first be determined which business is of greater weight in terms of the number of workers and total amount of wages, etc., before the applicable category is determined. (See this Court's Decisions 86Nu518 rendered on December 9, 1986; 87Nu1078 rendered on February 28, 1989; 90Nu28 rendered on May 11, 1990, etc.)

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, after specifically finding, as stated in its judgment, the content of the business activities carried on by the Plaintiff company since its incorporation was registered on October 13, 1984, in particular the content of its business activities in 1987 and 1988, which are the periods subject to the imposition of the industrial accident compensation insurance premiums at issue in this case, held that the Plaintiff company's type of business falls under "mechanical facility construction" (for the year 1987) or "general construction work" (for the year 1988) among the construction business categories publicly notified by the Minister of Labor, and rejected the Plaintiff's argument that the Plaintiff company's type of business constitutes manufacturing business. Upon comparing the reasoning of the judgment below with the record, the fact-finding and legal determination of the court below can be affirmed, and it cannot be said that the judgment below is unlawful for misapprehension of the rules of evidence resulting in a mistake of fact, or for misapprehension of the law, as argued in the grounds of appeal. All of the grounds of appeal are without merit and cannot be accepted.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. The opinions of the Justices participating are unanimous, and it is so ordered as stated in the Order.

Justice Kim Yong-jun (Presiding Justice), Park Woo-dong, Lee Jae-sung, Yoon Young-cheol

【판결요지】

회사의 사업종류가 노동부장관 고시의 산업재해보상보험요율 적용을 위한 사업종류예시표 중 어디에 해당하는가를 결정하기 위하여는 그 사업장의 면허나 등록업종뿐만 아니라 현실적인 사업내용과 작업형태를 두루 참작하여야만 하고, 2종 이상의 사업이 같이 행하여지는 경우에는 근로자수 및 임금총액 등의 비중이 큰 사업이 어느 사업인가를 가려보고 나서 이를 정하여야 할 것이다.

【참조조문】

산업재해보상보험법 제21조, 산업재해보상보험법시행령 제46조

【참조판례】

대법원 1986.12.9. 선고 86누518 판결(공1987,170), 1989.2.28. 선고 87누1078 판결(공1989,543), 1990.5.11. 선고 90누28 판결(공1990,1278)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 940자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 주식회사 한영엔지니어링 소송대리인 변호사 유병갑

【피고, 피상고인】 대구지방노동청장

【원심판결】 대구고등법원 1990.4.25. 선고 89구214 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

회사의 사업종류가 노동부장관 고시의 산업재해보상보험요율 적용을 위한 사업종류 예시표 중 어디에 해당하는가를 결정하기 위하여는 그 사업장의 면허나 등록업종 뿐만아니라 현실적인 사업내용과 작업형태를 두루 참작하여야만 하고 2종 이상의 사업이 같이 행하여지는 경우에는 근로자수 및 임금총액 등의 비중이 큰 사업이 어느 사업인가를 가려보고 나서 이를 정하여야 할 것이다.( 당원 1986.12.9. 선고 86누518 판결, 1989.2.28. 선고 87누1078 판결, 1990.5.11. 선고 90누28 판결 등 참조)

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 원고 회사가 1984.10.13.에 설립등기를 마친 후 시작한 사업활동 특히 이 사건 산업재해보상보험료의 부과 대상기간인 1987년도와 1988년도의 사업활동 내용을 원심판시와 같이 구체적으로 인정한 다음 원고 회사의 사업종류는 노동부장관이 고시한 건설업 중 기계설비공사(1987년도) 또는 일반건설공사(1988년도)에 해당한다고 판시하고 원고 회사의 사업종류가 제조업에 해당한다는 원고의 주장을 배척하였는 바 원심판결의 이유 설시를 기록과 대조하여 살펴보면 원심의 사실인정과 법률판단은 수긍할 수 있고 원심판결에 소론과 같은 채증법칙위반으로 인한 사실오인이나 법리오해의 위법이 있다 할 수 없다. 상고논지는 모두 받아 들일 수 없는 것이다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자에게 부담시키기로 관여법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김용준(재판장) 박우동 이재성 윤영철

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