Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94다60509

Confirmation of Non-Existence of Obligation (채무부존재확인)채무부존재확인

Decided1995. 05. 26. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

After a company's regular dinner gathering, the company president instructed the employees to go home. However, some employees instead went off on their own to continue drinking elsewhere, and a traffic accident occurred during this outing. The Supreme Court held that this accident did not qualify as an industrial accident (산업재해), since it stemmed from a purely personal activity rather than work-related conduct.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAfter a company dinner, employees ignored the president's instruction to go home and instead went out drinking on their own, resulting in a traffic accident.
  • OutcomeThe court ruled this was not a work-related injury (산업재해), since the employer's control had ended and the later gathering was a private, personal activity.
  • LessonOnce an employer clearly ends an official work event and instructs employees to go home, any further activities employees pursue on their own are considered personal, not work-related, for injury compensation purposes.
Issues
  • What are the requirements for recognizing an accident occurring during an event outside the company as a work-related injury (업무상 재해)?
  • Whether an accident occurring during a gathering that employees continued on their own initiative, after the employer instructed them to go home, satisfies the 'performance of duties' (업무수행성) requirement
Key reasoning

To be recognized as an industrial accident (산업재해), the injury must occur while the employee is under the employer's control and supervision, and the employee must not have deviated from a reasonable and direct route connected to work duties. Here, the employer had explicitly instructed the employees to return home after the official company dinner, meaning the employer's control over the event had already ended. The employees' decision to continue drinking on their own initiative afterward was a private, personal activity disconnected from work duties. Therefore, the court found that the requirement of 'performance of duties' (업무수행성) was not satisfied, and the resulting accident could not be attributed to the employer as a work-related injury.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] When an employee suffers an injury while participating in an event or gathering outside the company that is not stipulated as a duty which the employee is ordinarily obligated to perform under the employment contract, in order to recognize this as an occupational injury, it must first be the case that, in light of the circumstances such as the organizer, purpose, content, number of participants, whether participation was compulsory, method of operation, and burden of expenses of the event or gathering, the overall process of the event or gathering is, according to common social norms, in a state under the control or management of the employer, and further, the employee must be in a state of not having deviated from the reasonable course of such event or gathering.

[2] In a case where, after a regular company dinner presided over by the employer had ended and the employer had instructed the participating employees to go home and had gone home first himself, the employees, in order to go elsewhere to drink more, rode together in a vehicle owned by the employer, and as a result of a traffic accident that occurred, the affected employees died or were injured, the court held: the affected employees' voluntary continuation of their own gathering constitutes their private conduct, and this cannot be regarded as a continuation of an event under the control and management of the employer; moreover, since the affected employees had deviated from the reasonable course of the original event, the performance of duties (업무수행성) cannot be recognized, and therefore it cannot be deemed to constitute an occupational injury for which disaster compensation may be received under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법).

Full text (English, AI translation) 4,212 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., Litigation Representative Attorney Kim Dal-sik

[Defendant, Appellee] Lee Deok-haeng

[Judgment Below] Gwangju High Court Judgment 94Na3277, rendered November 11, 1994

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal.

1. According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence cited therein, found the following facts: that on the night before the traffic accident at issue, from around 22:00 to 24:00, the Defendant, together with six of his employees including Non-party, finished a regular monthly get-together, held at a general restaurant outside the workplace and hosted and paid for by the Defendant on each payday; that the Defendant went home first by other transportation, telling Non-party and the others also to go home before it got too late; that Non-party and the others, however, said they had more to talk about among themselves and continued drinking the remaining liquor at the same restaurant; that around 00:30 the next day they left the restaurant, and in order to go elsewhere to drink further, rode together in a van owned by the Defendant, driven by Non-party; and that Non-party caused an accident by driving the vehicle into a bridge pier, as a result of which Non-party and the others were killed or injured. Based on these findings, the court below determined that, in light of the above facts, it could not be found that Non-party and the others were performing the Defendant's business at the time of the accident, and therefore the injuries they suffered as a result of the traffic accident did not constitute an occupational injury eligible for accident compensation under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법).

2. Where an employee suffers an injury while participating in an event or gathering outside the company that is not prescribed as a duty the employee is ordinarily obligated to perform under the labor contract, in order to recognize this as an occupational injury, it must first be the case that, in light of circumstances such as the host, purpose, content, number of participants, whether participation was compulsory, method of operation, and bearing of costs of the event or gathering, the overall course of the event or gathering is, in social norms, in a state under the control or management of the employer (see this Court's Decision 92Nu11107, rendered October 9, 1992), and further, the employee must be in a state of not having deviated from the reasonable course of such event or gathering. If the facts are as lawfully determined by the court below, then, after the regular get-together hosted by the Defendant had ended and the Defendant, having instructed Lee Yun-haeng and the others to go home, went home first, the fact that Lee Yun-haeng and the others voluntarily continued their own gathering thereafter constitutes their private conduct, and this cannot be regarded as a continuation of an event under the Defendant's control and management. Moreover, the act of Lee Yun-haeng and the others in driving the above vehicle to another place in order to drink further constitutes a deviation from the reasonable course of the original event. Therefore, it cannot be said that the deaths or injuries of Lee Yun-haeng and the others resulting from the traffic accident occurred in the course of performing their duties, and thus they cannot be considered occupational injuries eligible for accident compensation under the Labor Standards Act.

Ultimately, the judgment below, which reached the same conclusion, is correct, and there is no error of law, as argued in the grounds of appeal, resulting from a misunderstanding of the legal principles concerning occupational injury. This ground of appeal is without merit.

3. Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Cheon Gyeong-song (Presiding Justice), An Yong-deuk, Ji Chang-gwon (Justice in Charge), Shin Seong-taek

【판결요지】

가. 근로자가 근로계약에 의하여 통상 종사할 의무가 있는 업무로 규정되어 있지 아니한 회사 외의 행사나 모임에 참가하던 중 재해를 당한 경우, 이를 업무상 재해로 인정하려면, 우선 그 행사나 모임의 주최자, 목적, 내용, 참가인원과 그 강제성 여부, 운영방법, 비용부담 등의 사정들에 비추어, 사회통념상 그 행사나 모임의 전반적인 과정이 사용자의 지배나 관리를 받는 상태에 있어야 하고, 또한 근로자가 그와 같은 행사나 모임의 순리적인 경로를 일탈하지 아니한 상태에 있어야 한다.

나. 사용자가 주재하던 정례회식을 마치고서 참석 근로자들에게 귀가를 지시한 후 먼저 귀가한 다음에도 근로자들이 다른 곳에 가서 술을 더 마시기 위하여 사용자 소유의 차량을 함께 타고 가다가 발생한 교통사고로 인하여 근로자들이 사망하거나 다친 경우, 피해 근로자들이 임의로 자기들만의 모임을 계속한 것은 그들의 사적인 행위에 해당하는 것으로서 이를 가리켜 사용자의 지배 관리하의 행사가 계속된 것이라고 볼 수는 없고, 더욱이 피해 근로자들은당초 행사의 순리적인 경로를 이탈한 것이므로, 그 업무수행성을 인정할 수 없어 근로기준법에 의한 재해보상을 받을 수 있는 업무상의 재해에 해당한다고 볼 수 없다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제78조 , 제82조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1992.10.9. 선고 92누11107 판결(공1992,3152) / 나. 대법원 1986.12.23. 선고 86다카556 판결(공1987,228)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,658자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 삼성화재해상보험 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 김달식

【피고, 피상고인】 이덕행

【원심판결】 광주고등법원 1994.11.11. 선고 94나3277 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은 그 거시증거를 종합하여, 피고가 이 사건 교통사고 발생 전날 22:00경부터 24:00경까지 사업장 밖의 일반 식당에서 그 피용자들인 소외 인 등 6인과 함께 매월 봉급날 피고가 비용을 부담하여 주최하여 오던 정례회식을 마치고 다른 차편으로 먼저 귀가하면서 소외 인 등에게도 더 늦지 않도록 그만 귀가하라고 하였으나, 소외 인 등은 자기들끼리 더 할 이야기가 있다면서 같은 식당에서 남은 술을 마시고 있다가 다음 날 00:30경 위 식당을 나와 다른 곳에 가서 술을 더 마시기 위하여 소외 인이 운전하던 피고 소유의 봉고차량에 함께 타고 가다가 소외 인이 위 차량으로 교각을 들이받는 사고를 일으키는 바람에 소외 인 등이 죽거나 다친 사실을 인정한 다음, 위 인정사실에 의하면 위 사고 당시 소외 인 등이 피고의 업무를 수행 중에 있었다고 볼 수는 없으므로 그들이 위 교통사고로 인하여 입은 재해가 근로기준법에 의한 재해보상을 받을 수 있는 업무상의 재해에는 해당하지 아니한다고 판단하였다.

2. 근로자가 근로계약에 의하여 통상 종사할 의무가 있는 업무로 규정되어 있지 아니한 회사 외의 행사나 모임에 참가하던 중 재해를 당한 경우, 이를 업무상 재해로 인정하려면,우선 그 행사나 모임의 주최자, 목적, 내용, 참가인원과 그 강제성 여부, 운영방법, 비용부담 등의 사정들에 비추어, 사회통념상 그 행사나 모임의 전반적인 과정이 사용자의 지배나 관리를 받는 상태에 있어야 할 것이고(당원 1992.10.9.선고 92누11107 판결 참조), 또한 근로자가 그와 같은 행사나 모임의 순리적인 경로를 일탈하지 아니한 상태에 있어야 할 것인바, 사실관계가 원심이 적법하게 확정한 바와 같다면, 피고가 주재하던 정례회식을 마치고서 위 이윤행 등에게도 귀가를 지시한 후 먼저 귀가한 다음에도 위 이윤행 등이 임의로 자기들만의 모임을 계속한 것은 그들의 사적인 행위에 해당하는 것으로서 이를 가리켜 피고의 지배 관리하의 행사가 계속된 것이라고 볼 수는 없고, 더욱이 위 이윤행 등이 다른 곳에 가서 술을 더 마시기 위하여 위 차량을 운행하고 간 것은 당초 행사의 순리적인 경로를 이탈한 행위라 할 것이니, 위 이윤행 등이 위 교통사고로 인하여 죽거나 다친 것은 그 업무수행성을 인정할 수 없어 근로기준법에 의한 재해보상을 받을 수 있는 업무상의 재해에 해당한다고 볼 수 없다.

결국 같은 취지의 원심판단은 옳고, 거기에 소론과 같이 업무상의 재해에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 없다. 논지는 이유 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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