Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2008두17899

Case for Revocation of Disapproval of Medical Care Benefits (요양불승인처분취소)요양불승인처분취소

Decided2009. 02. 12. Court대법원Reversed and remanded (파기환송) — the case was sent back to the lower court for reconsideration in light of the Supreme Court's finding that the accident should be recognized as an industrial accident.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A worker was injured in a traffic accident while commuting to work in a vehicle provided by his employer for both business use and commuting purposes. The Supreme Court held that because the company supplied the vehicle, covered its maintenance costs, and the vehicle was essential to the worker's job duties, the commuting process was under the employer's control and management. Therefore, the accident qualified as an industrial accident (업무상 재해) eligible for workers' compensation.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker was injured in a car accident while commuting to work using a vehicle provided by his employer for both business and commuting purposes.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that since the employer supplied and maintained the vehicle, the commute was under the employer's control, making the accident a compensable industrial accident.
  • LessonEmployers who provide vehicles for employees' commutes may bear liability for accidents that occur during such commutes, as courts may treat this as work-related activity.
Issues
  • Whether an accident occurring while commuting in a company-provided vehicle constitutes an industrial accident (업무상 재해)
  • What criteria determine whether the commuting process is under the employer's control and management (지배·관리)
Key reasoning

When an employee uses transportation provided by the employer, the commuting process can be considered to be under the employer's control and management (지배·관리), rather than a purely personal activity. In this case, the company provided the vehicle for both work-related tasks and commuting, and also bore the maintenance costs, establishing a strong link between the employer and the means of transportation. The accident occurred while the worker was traveling by the shortest route to work using this company-provided vehicle. Given these facts, the Court found that the commute was not merely a personal act but an extension of the employment relationship, satisfying the requirement for an industrial accident under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,585 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant]

[Defendant, Appellee] Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2008Nu11091 rendered on September 24, 2008

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

"Occupational accident" as defined in Article 4, Item 1 of the former Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법) (before its full amendment by Act No. 8373 on April 11, 2007) refers to an accident occurring due to the relevant work performed by an employee, based on the employment contract between the employee and the business owner, in the course of performing such work or the ordinary activities incidental thereto, under the control and management of the business owner. In general, even though an employee's commuting to and from work is closely and inseparably related to the work of providing labor, insofar as the method of commuting and the choice of route are left to the employee's discretion, an accident occurring during the commute cannot be deemed an occupational accident. However, in cases where it can be found that the employee's commuting process is under the control and management of the business owner, such as where the employee uses transportation provided by the business owner or is made to use transportation equivalent thereto, an accident occurring during the commute may also constitute an occupational accident (see, e.g., Supreme Court en banc Decision 2005Du12572 rendered on September 28, 2007).

The court below, citing the reasoning of the first instance judgment, rejected the Plaintiff's argument that the injuries such as hemorrhagic brain contusion suffered by the Plaintiff in the traffic accident that occurred on January 2, 2006, around 07:30, while driving the vehicle in question owned by the non-party company to work, constituted an occupational accident, for the following reasons. That is, since the Plaintiff caused the accident while driving to work in the vehicle in question, which had been provided to him by the non-party company for free use for both business purposes and commuting, the method of the Plaintiff's commuting and the choice of route were left to the Plaintiff's discretion; therefore, even though the vehicle in question was a business vehicle of the non-party company and the non-party company bore the maintenance costs of the vehicle, it is difficult to view the Plaintiff's commuting process as having been under the control and management of the non-party company, and thus this accident does not constitute an occupational accident.

However, such determination by the court below is difficult to accept for the following reasons.

According to the facts found in the first instance judgment cited by the court below and the record, the following facts are established: the Plaintiff joined the non-party company around December 7, 1999, and at the time of this accident was working as the sales manager, overseeing the sales business of the non-party company; the non-party company is located at Hyangnam-myeon, Hwaseong-si (details omitted), and the Plaintiff's residence is located at Jeongnam-myeon, Hwaseong-si (details omitted); route buses operate only up to about the midpoint between the Plaintiff's residence and the non-party company, with no route bus service for the remaining section, making commuting by public transportation very inconvenient; the vehicle in question is a two-seater van/cargo vehicle owned by the non-party company, which was originally used for the non-party company's business purposes, but after the non-party company's location was relocated from Suwon-si to Hwaseong-si around 2003, it was provided by the non-party company to the Plaintiff, the sales manager, as a vehicle for commuting and business use, for the purpose of increasing the Plaintiff's mobility in performing his duties and resolving the difficulty of using public transportation; the non-party company bore the entire cost of maintaining the vehicle in question, including insurance premiums, fuel costs, and public charges, and the Plaintiff used the vehicle in question for commuting as well as for sales business such as managing clients and supplying products; besides the Plaintiff, a Mr. [Non-party], who was the management deputy director of the non-party company, also separately possessed a key to the vehicle in question, and during business hours other employees of the non-party company also used the vehicle in question for business purposes; the route via the site of this accident, which the Plaintiff chose in order to commute from his residence to the non-party company, is the shortest route between the Plaintiff's residence and the non-party company, and the Plaintiff took this route every day for commuting to and from work; and this accident occurred while the Plaintiff was driving the vehicle in question as usual along the shortest route to work.

Given the above, the vehicle in question constitutes, at least during commuting hours, a means of transportation provided by the non-party company for the Plaintiff's commuting, and moreover, the Plaintiff's commuting to work using the vehicle in question simultaneously constitutes the preparation of a means of transportation essential to the performance of the non-party company's sales business and the arrival at the place of work performance; therefore, under these circumstances, it is reasonable to view the process of the Plaintiff's commuting to work by the shortest route using the vehicle in question as having been under the control and management of the non-party company, the business owner, and this accident, which occurred in the course thereof, constitutes an occupational accident.

Nevertheless, the court below determined, contrary to the above, that this accident does not constitute an occupational accident, based solely on the reasoning set forth in its judgment. Such determination by the court below is unlawful in that it misapprehended the legal principles concerning occupational accidents, thereby affecting the outcome of the judgment. The argument in the grounds of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.

Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination, and it is so decided as set forth in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Presiding Justice Lee Hong-hun, Justice Kim Young-ran, Justice Ahn Dae-hee, Justice Yang Chang-soo (Justice in charge)

【참조조문】

구 산업재해보상보험법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8373호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제4조 제1호(현행 제5조 제1호)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,455자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】

【피고, 피상고인】 근로복지공단

【원심판결】 서울고법 2008. 9. 24. 선고 2008누11091 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

구 산업재해보상보험법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8373호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제4조 제1호에서 정하는 “업무상의 재해”라 함은 근로자와 사업주 사이의 근로계약에 터잡아 사업주의 지배·관리 아래 당해 근로업무의 수행 또는 그에 수반되는 통상적인 활동을 하는 과정에서 이러한 업무에 기인하여 발생한 재해를 말한다. 일반적으로 근로자의 출·퇴근이 노무의 제공이라는 업무와 밀접·불가분의 관계에 있다 하더라도 그 출·퇴근 방법과 그 경로의 선택이 근로자에게 유보되어 있는 이상 출·퇴근 중에 발생한 재해가 업무상의 재해로 될 수 없다. 그러나 이와 달리 사업주가 제공한 교통수단을 근로자가 이용하거나 또는 사업주가 이에 준하는 교통수단을 이용하도록 하는 등 근로자의 출·퇴근 과정이 사업주의 지배·관리 아래 있다고 볼 수 있는 경우에는 출·퇴근 중에 발생한 재해도 업무상의 재해로 될 수 있다( 대법원 2007. 9. 28. 선고 2005두12572 전원합의체 판결 등 참조).

원심은 제1심판결의 이유를 인용하여, 원고가 2006. 1. 2. 07:30경 소외 회사 소유의 이 사건 자동차를 운전하여 출근하던 중 발생한 교통사고로 출혈성 뇌좌상 등의 상해를 입은 것이 업무상의 재해에 해당한다는 원고의 주장을 다음과 같은 이유로 배척하였다. 즉 원고는 소외 회사로부터 업무 및 출·퇴근 용도로 자유롭게 사용하도록 제공받은 이 사건 자동차를 운전하여 출근하던 중에 사고를 일으켰으므로, 원고의 출근 방법과 그 경로의 선택이 원고에게 유보되어 있어서 비록 이 사건 자동차가 소외 회사의 업무용 차량이고 소외 회사에서 차량유지비용을 부담하고 있었다 하더라도 원고의 출근과정이 소외 회사의 지배·관리 아래 있었다고 보기 어려우므로 이 사건 재해는 업무상의 재해에 해당하지 않는다.

그러나 원심의 이러한 판단은 다음과 같은 이유로 수긍하기 어렵다.

원심이 인용한 제1심판결의 인정사실 및 기록에 의하면, 원고는 1999. 12. 7.경 소외 회사에 입사하여 이 사건 사고 당시 영업과장으로 근무하면서 소외 회사의 영업업무를 총괄하여 온 사실, 소외 회사는 화성시 향남면 (이하 생략)에, 원고의 주거는 화성시 정남면 (이하 생략)에 있는데, 원고의 거주지에서 소외 회사까지의 중간 정도까지만 노선버스가 운행되고 나머지 구간은 노선버스가 운행되지 아니하여 대중교통을 이용한 통근이 매우 불편한 사실, 이 사건 자동차는 소외 회사 소유의 2인승 밴 화물차로 원래 소외 회사의 업무용으로 사용되던 것이었는데, 2003년경 소외 회사의 소재지가 수원시에서 화성시로 이전한 후에는 영업과장인 원고의 업무수행상 기동성을 증가시키고 원고의 대중교통 이용의 곤란성 등을 해소할 목적으로 소외 회사가 원고에게 출·퇴근 및 업무용 차량으로 제공한 사실, 소외 회사는 이 사건 자동차에 대한 보험료, 유류비, 공과금 등 유지비용 전부를 부담하였고, 원고는 이 사건 자동차를 출·퇴근과 거래처 관리, 제품의 공급 등 영업업무에 사용한 사실, 이 사건 자동차의 열쇠는 원고 외에 소외 회사의 관리차장인 소외인도 따로 소지하고 있었고, 업무시간 중에는 소외 회사의 다른 직원들도 이 사건 자동차를 업무용으로 사용한 사실, 원고가 거주지에서 소외 회사로 출근하기 위하여 선택한 경로인 이 사건 사고 지점을 경유하는 경로는 원고의 거주지와 소외 회사 사이의 최단경로이며 원고는 매일 위 경로를 택하여 출·퇴근을 한 사실, 이 사건 사고는 원고가 평소와 같이 이 사건 자동차를 운전하여 최단경로를 따라 출근하던 중 발생한 사실 등을 알 수 있다.

그렇다면 이 사건 자동차는 적어도 출·퇴근시에는 소외 회사에 의하여 원고의 출·퇴근용으로 제공된 교통수단에 해당하고, 또한 원고가 이 사건 자동차를 이용하여 출근하는 것은 동시에 소외 회사의 영업업무 수행에 필수적인 이동수단을 준비하여 업무수행장소에 도착하는 것이므로 이러한 상황에서 원고가 이 사건 자동차를 이용하여 최단경로로 출근하는 과정은 사업주인 소외 회사의 지배·관리 아래 있었다고 봄이 상당하고, 그 과정에서 발생한 이 사건 사고는 업무상 재해에 해당한다.

그럼에도 불구하고 원심은 이와 달리 그 판시와 같은 이유만으로 이 사건 재해가 업무상의 재해에 해당하지 않는다고 판단하였다. 이러한 원심의 판단에는 업무상의 재해에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다. 이 점을 지적하는 상고이유의 주장은 이유 있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이홍훈(재판장) 김영란 안대희 양창수(주심)

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