Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 92누13073

Revocation of Rejection of Survivor Compensation Claim (유족보상금지급청구부결처분취소)유족보상금지급청구부결처분취소

Decided1993. 01. 19. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A worker died in a traffic accident while commuting to work on his own motorcycle. The Supreme Court ruled that this was not a work-related injury (업무상 재해), because the accident occurred during an ordinary commute that was not under the employer's control or management.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker died in a traffic accident while commuting to work on his personal motorcycle.
  • OutcomeThe court denied survivor compensation, ruling the commute was not under the employer's control or management.
  • LessonEmployers are generally not liable for accidents during an employee's ordinary commute unless the employer directly controls or manages the mode of transportation.
Issues
  • Requirements for recognizing an accident during commuting as a work-related injury (업무상 재해)
  • Scope of what constitutes commuting activities under the employer's control and management (지배·관리)
Key reasoning

For an injury to be recognized as work-related (업무상 재해) under Korean labor law, it must occur while the worker is performing duties under the employer's control and management (지배·관리). A simple commute to or from work using the employee's own personal transportation does not fall within the scope of the employer's control or management. Since the employer had no authority over the manner, timing, or means of the worker's commute, the accident could not be treated as arising from employment. Therefore, the court held that the death did not qualify for survivor compensation (유족보상금) under the industrial accident compensation system.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

a. The "work-related accident" required under Article 3(1) of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법) refers to a situation in which the cause of the accident arises during the performance of the worker's duties and the ordinary activities incidental thereto, carried out under the employer's control or supervision. Accordingly, a worker commuting to or from work cannot generally be regarded as being under the employer's control or supervision, and for an accident occurring during ordinary commuting to be recognized as a work-related accident, it must fall under circumstances where the worker's commuting process can be deemed to be under the employer's control or supervision, such as where the worker uses transportation provided by the employer or uses equivalent transportation arranged by the employer.

b. A case holding that an accident in which a worker, while commuting to work by riding his own motorized bicycle, was struck and killed by an oncoming passenger car that had crossed the center line, does not constitute a "work-related accident" as set forth in item "a" above.

Full text (English, AI translation) 2,551 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellee] Head of Chungju Regional Labor Office
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 91Gu28537 dated July 9, 1992

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal.
In order to constitute an occupational accident (업무상의 재해) under Article 3(1) of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법), the accident in question must, of course, have resulted from a cause that arose during the performance of duties, and furthermore, it must have arisen from the duties themselves, such that there is a substantial causal relationship between the duties and the accident. "Performance of duties" as used herein means that the cause of the accident arose in the course of the worker's performance of his or her duties and the ordinary activities incidental thereto, carried out under the control or management of the employer. Accordingly, a worker commuting to or from work generally cannot be deemed to be under the control or management of the employer, and in order for an accident occurring during mere commuting to be recognized as an occupational accident, it must fall under circumstances where the worker's commuting process can be deemed to be under the control or management of the employer, such as where the worker uses a means of transportation provided by the employer, such as a vehicle, or the employer causes the worker to use an equivalent means of transportation.
In this case, where the deceased, the husband of the Plaintiff, died after being struck by an oncoming passenger car that had crossed the center line while the deceased was riding his own motorized bicycle on his way to work, the court below held, in the same vein as set forth above, that the deceased could not be deemed to have been under the control or management of the employer at the time of the accident, and accordingly held that the injury suffered by the deceased did not constitute an occupational accident. This determination is justified, and there is no error of law, such as a misapprehension of the applicable legal principles or a violation of the right to equality, as argued in the grounds of appeal. The argument is without merit.
Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous concurrence of the participating Justices.

Justice ○○○ (Presiding Justice) ○○○ (Justice in charge) ○○○ ○○○

【판결요지】

가. 산업재해보상보험법 제3조 제1항 소정의 "업무상의 재해"에 해당하기위하여 요구되는 업무수행성이라 함은 사용자의 지배 또는 관리하에서 이루어지는 당해 근로자의 업무수행 및 그에 수반되는 통상적인 활동과정에서 재해의 원인이 발생한 것을 의미하며, 따라서 출·퇴근중의 근로자는 일반적으로 사용자의 지배 또는 관리하에 있다고 볼 수 없고 단순한 출·퇴근중에 발생한 재해가 업무상의 재해로 인정되기 위하여는 사용자가 근로자에게 제공한 차량등의 교통수단을 이용하거나 사용자가 이에 준하는 교통수단을 이용하도록 하여 근로자의 출·퇴근과정이 사용자의 지배, 관리하에 있다고 볼 수 있는 경우에 해당되어야 할 것이다.

나. 근로자가 자기 소유의 원동기장치자전거를 운전하여 출근하던 도중 맞은편에서 중앙선을 침범한 승용차에 충돌하여 사망한 사고가 위 "가"항의 "업무상의 재해"에 해당하지 아니한다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

산업재해보상보험법 제3조 제1항

【주문】·【이유】 전문 893자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고

【피고, 피상고인】 충주지방노동사무소장

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1992.7.9. 선고 91구28537 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

산업재해보상보험법 제3조 제1항 소정의 업무상의 재해에 해당하기 위하여는 당해 재해가 업무수행중에 발생한 원인에 의한 것이어야 함은 물론이고 나아가 업무에 기인하여 발생한 것으로서 업무와 그 재해 사이에 상당인과관계가 있어야 할 것이고 여기서의 업무수행성이라 함은 사용자의 지배 또는 관리하에서 이루어지는 당해근로자의 업무수행 및 그에 수반되는 통상적인 활동과정에서 재해의 원인이 발생한 것을 의미하며, 따라서 출·퇴근중의 근로자는 일반적으로 사용자의 지배 또는 관리하에 있다고 볼 수 없고 단순한 출·퇴근중에 발생한 재해가 업무상의 재해로 인정되기 위하여는 사용자가 근로자에게 제공한 차량 등의 교통수단을 이용하거나 사용자가 이에 준하는 교통수단을 이용하도록 하여 근로자의 출·퇴근과정이 사용자의 지배, 관리하에 있다고 볼 수 있는 경우에 해당되어야 할 것인바, 원심이 같은 취지에서 원고의 남편인 소외인이 그의 소유인 원동기장치자전거를 운전하고 출근하던 도중에 맞은편에서 중앙선을 침범하여 진행하여 오던 승용차에 충돌되어 사망한 이 사건에 있어서 위 사고 당시 위 망인은 사용자의 지배, 관리하에 있었다고 볼 수 없다 하여 위 망인이 입은 재해는 업무상 재해에 해당하지 않는다고 판시한 것은 정당하고 거기에 소론과 같은 법리오해 및 평등권 위배등의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다. 논지는 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 ○○○(재판장) ○○○(주심) ○○○ ○○○

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