Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2019다29778

Wages Dispute임금

Decided2023. 11. 30. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (partially favorable to employer) — the Supreme Court held that only the shortfall in the annual leave allowance must be paid, not the full statutory amount as if the comprehensive wage clause were entirely void.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A construction company had agreed with its employees to pay annual leave allowance (연차수당) as part of a comprehensive wage arrangement (포괄임금제), a common Korean pay structure that bundles various statutory allowances into a fixed salary. The lower court ruled that the entire portion of the comprehensive wage covering annual leave allowance was invalid, but the Supreme Court (대법원) reversed and remanded, holding that only the shortfall below the statutory minimum should be deemed invalid, not the entire allowance provision.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA construction company agreed with its employees to include annual leave allowance within a comprehensive (lump-sum) wage package, but the lower court ruled that the entire portion covering annual leave allowance was invalid.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court held that only the portion of the annual leave allowance falling below the statutory minimum is invalid, and that a comprehensive wage system does not itself deprive employees of their right to annual leave.
  • LessonEmployers using a comprehensive wage system to pay annual leave allowance must set the amount at or above the statutory minimum; if it falls short, only the difference needs to be paid, not the entire clause.
Issues
  • Criteria for determining the validity of a comprehensive wage agreement (포괄임금제)
  • The scope of legal effect when annual leave allowance is included in a comprehensive wage arrangement
  • The relationship between the comprehensive wage system and an employee's statutory right to annual leave (연차휴가권)
Key reasoning

When the annual leave allowance included in a comprehensive wage arrangement (포괄임금제) falls short of the statutory minimum required under Korean labor law, only the deficient portion is invalid — the entire inclusion of the allowance in the comprehensive wage is not automatically void. The comprehensive wage system merely concerns the method of paying various allowances, including overtime and annual leave pay, in a lump sum rather than itemized separately. Critically, adopting such a payment method does not strip workers of their underlying statutory right to take annual leave (연차휴가권); it only affects how the associated monetary compensation is calculated and paid. Therefore, courts should first determine whether the amount allocated to annual leave allowance meets the legal minimum, and if not, require the employer to pay only the difference, rather than invalidating the entire allowance arrangement.

Full text (English, AI translation) 7,653 chars

[Plaintiff (Selected Party), Appellee] Plaintiff (Selected Party) (Attorneys Park Pan-geun and 5 others, Counsel for the Plaintiff)
[Defendant, Appellant] ○○○ Construction Co., Ltd. (Law Firm Dongseung, Attorney Lee Seung-ho and 4 others, Counsel for the Defendant)
[Judgment Below] Daegu District Court Decision 2019Na1907 decided October 30, 2019

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Daegu District Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. Course of the Case
According to the reasoning of the first instance judgment cited by the court below and the record, the following facts may be known.
A. The Plaintiff (Selected Party) and the selectors (hereinafter referred to as “the Plaintiffs”) entered into employment contracts with the Defendant and performed formwork carpentry work, among other tasks, at construction sites built by the Defendant.
B. The employment contracts prepared by the Plaintiffs and the Defendant stated that “the monthly wage shall be calculated and paid by multiplying the comprehensive daily wage, in which statutory allowances are already included, by the number of days worked,” and the said comprehensive daily wage specified the proportion occupied by each statutory allowance, including annual leave allowance, for each statutory allowance.
C. The Plaintiffs filed the instant lawsuit against the Defendant seeking payment of annual leave allowance and retirement allowance.

2. Determination on the First Ground of Appeal (Whether the Annual Leave Allowance Should Be Recognized)
The court below determined, for the reasons stated in its judgment, that the Plaintiffs satisfied the requirements necessary for the accrual of annual paid leave, such as attendance rate or perfect attendance.
Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the relevant legal principles and the record, this determination by the court below is correct, and there is no error therein, such as violation of the principle of party presentation or insufficient examination, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Determination on the Second through Fourth Grounds of Appeal (Whether the Comprehensive Wage Agreement Is Valid)
A. Determination by the Court Below
The court below, based on the contents of the employment contracts and other factors, found that a comprehensive wage agreement had been formed between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant. However, on the ground that the said comprehensive wage agreement was disadvantageous compared to the working conditions prescribed by the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and that recognizing the validity of a comprehensive wage agreement that includes even the annual leave allowance would result in depriving workers of their right to annual leave, the court below held that the comprehensive wage agreement was void only with respect to the portion including the annual leave allowance, and accordingly granted in full the Plaintiffs’ claim for payment of the annual leave allowance.

B. Determination by the Supreme Court
However, this determination by the court below is difficult to accept as it stands.
1) In cases where, in light of working hours, the form of work, and the nature of the duties, it is recognized that the calculation of working hours is difficult, even if the employer and the employee enter into a wage payment contract under the so-called comprehensive wage system—whereby, without calculating the basic wage in advance, an amount including even statutory allowances is set as the monthly salary or daily wage and paid regardless of the number of hours worked—such an agreement is valid if it is otherwise not disadvantageous to the employee and is recognized as justified in light of various circumstances (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2003Da66523 decided August 19, 2005). However, where the calculation of working hours is not difficult as described above, absent special circumstances, the principle of calculating allowances under the Labor Standards Act must be applied; therefore, if the fixed statutory allowance included in the comprehensive wage falls short of the statutory allowance calculated according to the standards prescribed by the Labor Standards Act, the portion of the wage payment contract under the comprehensive wage system corresponding to such shortfall is disadvantageous to the employee and thus void, and the employer is obligated, pursuant to the principles of mandatory application and supplementary application of the Labor Standards Act, to pay the employee the shortfall in the statutory allowance (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2008Da6052 decided May 13, 2010).
Meanwhile, even though the annual leave allowance arises only upon working for the period prescribed by the Labor Standards Act, it is not impossible for the parties to agree in advance, on the premise of working for such prescribed period, to include the annual leave allowance in the daily wage or a fixed monthly amount and pay it accordingly; and since the comprehensive wage system concerns the method of paying various allowances and is unrelated to whether or not the employee exercises the right to annual leave, it cannot be said that the comprehensive wage system deprives the employee of the right to annual leave (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 96Da24699 decided March 24, 1998).
2) In this case, where it cannot be said that it is difficult to calculate the Plaintiffs’ working hours, if the court below found that a comprehensive wage agreement had been formed between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant to include even the annual leave allowance in the monthly salary, the court below should not have held that the entire portion of the comprehensive wage agreement including the annual leave allowance was void; rather, it should have determined that the comprehensive wage agreement was disadvantageous to the employees and thus void only with respect to the portion by which the amount of annual leave allowance paid as included in the monthly salary fell short of the legitimate amount of annual leave allowance calculated according to the standards prescribed by the Labor Standards Act.
3) Nevertheless, the court below, citing only the reasons stated in its judgment, held that the entire portion of the comprehensive wage agreement including the annual leave allowance was void, and on that premise determined that the Defendant was obligated to pay the Plaintiffs the full amount of the annual leave allowance. Such determination by the court below contains an error that affected the judgment by misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the validity of comprehensive wage agreements and failing to conduct the necessary examination. The ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.

4. Scope of Reversal
The portion of the judgment below recognizing the Defendant’s obligation to pay the annual leave allowance contains the grounds for reversal set forth above. Since it is necessary, in the court below after remand, to newly calculate the scope of the granted claims for each of the Plaintiffs, including the retirement allowance, in consideration of the purport of the reversal set forth above, the judgment below must ultimately be reversed in its entirety.

5. Conclusion
The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination, in accordance with the unanimous opinion of the Justices involved, as set forth in the Order.

[Attachment] List of Selectors: Omitted

Justice Roh Jeong-hee (Presiding Justice), Justice Ahn Cheol-sang, Justice Lee Heung-gu, Justice Oh Seok-jun (Justice in Charge)

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 제17조, 제56조

[2] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제17조, 제60조

[3] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 제17조, 제60조

【참조판례】

[1][2] 대법원 1998. 3. 24. 선고 96다24699 판결(공1998상, 1131) / [1] 대법원 2005. 8. 19. 선고 2003다66523 판결, 대법원 2010. 5. 13. 선고 2008다6052 판결(공2010상, 1098)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,597자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고(선정당사자), 피상고인】 원고(선정당사자) (소송대리인 변호사 박판근 외 5인)

【피고, 상고인】 주식회사 ○○○건설 (소송대리인 법무법인 동승 담당변호사 이승호 외 4인)

【원심판결】 대구지법 2019. 10. 30. 선고 2019나1907 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 대구지방법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 사건의 경위

원심이 인용한 제1심판결 이유와 기록에 의하면 다음과 같은 사실을 알 수 있다.

가. 원고(선정당사자) 및 선정자들(이하 ‘원고들’이라 한다)은 피고와 근로계약을 체결하고 피고가 시공하는 공사현장에서 형틀목공사 등을 수행하였다.

나. 원고들과 피고가 작성한 근로계약서에는 ‘법정수당이 미리 포함된 포괄일당에 출역공수를 곱하여 월급을 산정하여 지급한다.’는 취지가 기재되어 있었고, 위 포괄일당에는 연차수당 등 각종 법정수당이 차지하는 비율이 법정수당별로 명시되어 있었다.

다. 원고들은 피고를 상대로 연차수당과 퇴직금의 지급을 구하는 이 사건 소를 제기하였다.

2. 제1 상고이유(연차수당 인정 여부)에 관한 판단

원심은, 판시와 같은 이유에서 원고들이 출근율이나 개근 등 연차유급휴가 발생에 필요한 요건을 충족하였다고 판단하였다.

원심판결 이유를 관련 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 이러한 원심의 판단은 옳고, 거기에 상고이유 주장과 같은 변론주의 위반, 심리미진 등의 잘못이 없다.

3. 제2 내지 4 상고이유(포괄임금 약정의 유효 여부)에 관한 판단

가. 원심의 판단

원심은, 근로계약서의 내용 등을 근거로 원고들과 피고 사이에 포괄임금 약정이 성립하였다고 보면서도, 위 포괄임금 약정이 근로기준법에서 정한 근로조건보다 불리하고, 연차수당까지 포함된 포괄임금 약정을 유효하다고 보게 되면 근로자의 연차휴가권을 박탈하는 결과가 된다는 이유로, 위 포괄임금 약정은 연차수당을 포함한 부분에 한하여 무효로 된다고 보아 연차수당 지급을 구하는 원고들의 청구를 전부 인용하였다.

나. 대법원의 판단

그러나 원심의 이러한 판단은 그대로 수긍하기 어렵다.

1) 근로시간, 근로형태와 업무의 성질을 고려할 때 근로시간의 산정이 어려운 것으로 인정되는 경우에는 사용자와 근로자 사이에 기본임금을 미리 산정하지 아니한 채 법정수당까지 포함된 금액을 월 급여나 일당 임금으로 정하여 이를 근로시간 수에 상관없이 지급하기로 약정하는 내용의 이른바 포괄임금제에 의한 임금 지급계약을 체결하더라도 그것이 달리 근로자에게 불이익이 없고 여러 사정에 비추어 정당하다고 인정될 때에는 유효하다(대법원 2005. 8. 19. 선고 2003다66523 판결 등 참조). 그러나 위와 같이 근로시간의 산정이 어려운 경우가 아니라면 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로기준법상 수당 산정의 원칙이 적용되어야 하므로, 포괄임금에 포함된 정액의 법정수당이 근로기준법이 정한 기준에 따라 산정된 법정수당에 미달한다면 그에 해당하는 포괄임금제에 의한 임금 지급계약 부분은 근로자에게 불이익하여 무효이고, 사용자는 근로기준법의 강행성과 보충성 원칙에 의하여 근로자에게 그 미달되는 법정수당을 지급할 의무가 있다(대법원 2010. 5. 13. 선고 2008다6052 판결 등 참조).

한편 연차수당이 근로기준법에서 정한 기간을 근로하였을 때 비로소 발생하는 것이라 할지라도 당사자 사이에 미리 그러한 소정기간의 근로를 전제로 하여 연차수당을 일당 임금이나 매월 일정액에 포함하여 지급하는 것이 불가능한 것이 아니며, 포괄임금제란 각종 수당의 지급방법에 관한 것으로서 근로자의 연차휴가권의 행사 여부와는 관계가 없으므로 포괄임금제가 근로자의 연차휴가권을 박탈하는 것이라고 할 수 없다(대법원 1998. 3. 24. 선고 96다24699 판결 등 참조).

2) 원고들의 근로시간을 산정하기 어렵다고 볼 수 없는 이 사건에서 원심이 원고들과 피고 사이에 연차수당까지 월급에 포함하여 지급하기로 하는 포괄임금 약정이 성립하였다고 볼 것이라면, 포괄임금 약정에서 연차수당을 포함한 부분 전부를 무효로 보아서는 아니 되고 월급에 포함되어 지급된 연차수당액이 근로기준법이 정한 기준에 따라 산정된 정당한 연차수당액에 미달한 부분에 한하여 포괄임금 약정이 근로자에게 불이익하여 무효라고 판단하였어야 한다.

3) 그럼에도 원심은 그 판시와 같은 이유만을 들어 포괄임금 약정 중 연차수당을 포함시킨 부분 전부가 무효라고 보고 이를 전제로 피고는 원고들에게 연차수당 전액을 지급할 의무가 있다고 판단하였으니, 이러한 원심의 판단에는 포괄임금 약정의 효력에 관한 법리를 오해하여 필요한 심리를 다하지 않음으로써 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다. 이 점을 지적하는 상고이유 주장은 이유 있다.

4. 파기의 범위

원심판결 중 피고의 연차수당 지급의무를 인정한 부분에는 앞에서 본 파기사유가 있다. 환송 후 원심에서 위와 같은 파기취지를 고려하여 퇴직금까지 포함하여 원고들별로 청구의 인용 범위를 새로 산정할 필요가 있으므로, 결국 원심판결을 전부 파기하여야 한다.

5. 결론

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

[별 지] 선정자 명단: 생략

대법관 노정희(재판장) 안철상 이흥구 오석준(주심)

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