Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2017다206670

Wages (Korea Employment Information Service Internal Evaluation Bonus Case)임금

Decided2020. 06. 11. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) — the lower court's ruling favoring the employees was overturned in favor of the employer's position on this issue.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Employees of the Korea Employment Information Service (한국고용정보원) sought to have their 'internal evaluation bonus' (내부평가급) included in the calculation of ordinary wages (통상임금) in order to recalculate their overtime pay (연장근로수당). The Supreme Court (대법원) ruled that because the internal evaluation bonus was compensation for the previous year's work performance, it could not be included in the current year's ordinary wages, and reversed and remanded (파기환송) the lower court's decision that had wrongly included it as part of the current year's ordinary wages.

Key takeaways
  • CaseEmployees of the Korea Employment Information Service demanded that their internal evaluation bonus, based on the prior year's work performance, be included in ordinary wages to recalculate overtime pay.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that money paid based on the prior year's performance is prior-year wages and therefore cannot be included in the current year's ordinary wages, reversing and remanding the case.
  • LessonWhen receiving performance-based or evaluation-based bonuses, employees should check which year's work the payment corresponds to—if it is based on the prior year's performance, it does not count toward the current year's ordinary wages.
Issues
  • Whether the internal evaluation bonus (내부평가급) qualifies as part of ordinary wages (통상임금)
  • The standard for determining 'fixedness' (고정성) of wages based on performance evaluations
  • Which year's wages a bonus based on the prior year's performance should be attributed to
Key reasoning

The Court held that even if a bonus is paid based on an evaluation of the previous year's work performance, if only the timing of payment is set for the current year while the underlying compensation relates to the prior year's work, it cannot be counted as part of the current year's ordinary wages. The internal evaluation bonus was paid in proportion to the number of days worked during the year being evaluated (i.e., the prior year), employees who resigned received a prorated amount based on their prior year's service, and new employees hired in the current year received nothing—all of which clearly show that the bonus was compensation attributable to the prior year. The Court further clarified that when determining whether performance-based wages qualify as 'fixed' (고정성) for purposes of the ordinary wage test, courts must distinguish between the period for which the wage is paid (the target period) and the actual time of payment, and assess fixedness based on the target period rather than the payment date.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Wages whose payment or amount is determined based on an evaluation of an employee's work performance during the payment target period generally lack fixedness (고정성) as wages for that payment target period. However, if a minimum amount of payment is guaranteed—such as where a certain fixed amount is paid even if the employee receives the lowest grade in the performance evaluation—that minimum amount of wages may be regarded as fixed wages.

Where the payment or amount of a specific wage for the current year is determined based on an employee's work performance in the previous year, if the payment or amount of the wage is determinate as of the current year, such wage should be deemed to constitute a fixed wage for the current year. However, even where a wage whose payment or amount is determined based on an evaluation of the previous year's work performance is actually paid in the current year, if there are special circumstances indicating that it is in substance wages for the previous year with only the timing of payment set as the current year, fixedness as wages for the previous year cannot be recognized. Even in such a case, if a certain amount is guaranteed as a minimum to be paid even where the employee receives the lowest grade in the performance evaluation, that amount may be regarded, to that extent, as a fixed wage for the previous year.

[2] In a case where the Korea Employment Information Service (한국고용정보원), after undergoing an annual public institution management evaluation with respect to the preceding year's management performance pursuant to the Act on the Management of Public Institutions (공공기관 운영에 관한 법률), prepared a "Management Evaluation Performance-based Bonus Reserve Fund and Self-Performance-based Bonus (Internal Evaluation Bonus) Payment Plan" and paid its employees an internal performance-based bonus calculated as "the standard monthly salary for the preceding year × the payment rate according to each individual's annual salary grade," and where Gap and others, employees of the Korea Employment Information Service, sought payment of overtime allowance recalculated by including the internal evaluation bonus in ordinary wages: according to the above payment plan, the internal evaluation bonus was to be paid to each employee in proportion to the number of days worked during the payment target year (meaning the year preceding the year in which the internal evaluation bonus is paid); accordingly, an employee who resigned would receive the internal evaluation bonus in proportion to the number of days worked in the preceding year, whereas an employee who was hired in the current year would not receive the internal evaluation bonus for the current year. In light of these and other circumstances, it can be seen that the internal evaluation bonus received by Gap and others was in substance wages for the preceding year with only the timing of payment set as the current year. The court held that the lower court's determination that the internal evaluation bonus was included in the ordinary wages for the current year erred in its understanding of the applicable legal principles.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,917 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] As stated in the attached list of plaintiffs. (Counsel for the plaintiffs: Woosung Law Firm, Attorney Lee Sang-su)
[Defendant, Appellant] Korea Employment Information Service (Counsel for the defendant: Government Legal Service, Attorneys Kim Young-du and 2 others)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2016Na2076931 dated December 21, 2016

[Order]

The part of the judgment below against the Defendant is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning] The grounds for appeal (to the extent supplemented by the supplementary brief on grounds for appeal, which was submitted after the deadline for submitting the brief on grounds for appeal) are examined.

1. Whether the position allowance, monthly fixed position pay, lunch allowance, and transportation allowance constitute ordinary wages
The court below determined that the position allowance, monthly fixed position pay, lunch allowance, and transportation allowance paid by the Defendant to the Plaintiffs constitute ordinary wages.
Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the relevant legal principles and the record, there is no error in the judgment below misunderstanding the legal principles regarding ordinary wages, as argued in the grounds for appeal.

2. Whether the internal evaluation bonus (내부평가급) constitutes ordinary wages
A. The court below determined that the internal evaluation bonus is included in ordinary wages because: periodicity is recognized as it is wages paid on a one-year payment cycle; uniformity is also recognized in that it is paid to all employees; and fixedness is also recognized in that whether it is paid and the amount thereof for the relevant year are determined based on the previous year's work performance.

B. However, the judgment below is difficult to accept for the following reasons.

(1) Wages for which whether payment is made or the amount thereof is determined based on an evaluation of an employee's work performance during the payment period are generally regarded as lacking fixedness as wages for that payment period. However, if a minimum amount of payment is guaranteed, such as where a certain amount is paid even if the lowest grade is received for work performance, that minimum wage amount may be considered a fixed wage.

Where whether a specific wage is paid or the amount thereof, as wages for the relevant year, is determined based on an employee's work performance in the previous year, if the payment or amount of that wage is fixed for the relevant year, that wage should be regarded as a fixed wage for the relevant year. However, even if a wage for which whether payment is made or the amount thereof is determined based on an evaluation of the previous year's work performance is paid in the relevant year, if there are special circumstances suggesting that it is in substance wages for the previous year with only the timing of payment set as the relevant year, fixedness as wages for the previous year cannot be recognized. Even in such a case, if a certain amount is guaranteed to be paid as a minimum even where the lowest grade is received for work performance, that amount may be regarded as a fixed wage for the previous year to that extent (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 2012Da89399 delivered on December 18, 2013).

(2) According to the reasoning of the judgment below and the record, the following facts can be ascertained.

(A) The Defendant underwent a public institution management evaluation each year regarding the previous year's management performance pursuant to the Act on the Management of Public Institutions (공공기관 운영에 관한 법률). When the government notified the "results of the public institution management performance evaluation and follow-up measures" around June each year, the Defendant, based thereon, prepared a "plan for payment of management evaluation performance bonus reserve fund and self-performance bonus (internal evaluation bonus)" [hereinafter the "Payment Plan"], and after undergoing labor-management consultation and board resolution, paid the management evaluation performance bonus and internal evaluation bonus to its employees around July to August.

(B) Pursuant to the Payment Plan, the Defendant set the amount of the internal performance bonus as "the previous year's standard monthly salary × the payment rate according to each individual's annual salary grade." The "payment rate according to each individual's annual salary grade" was set from 2012 to 2014 as follows: Grade S 134%, Grade A 117%, Grade B 100%, Grade C 83%, and Grade D 66%. In 2015, it was set as: Grade S 150%, Grade A 110%, Grade B 100%, Grade C 90%, and Grade D 50%.

(C) According to the Payment Plan, the internal evaluation bonus was to be paid to each employee in proportion to the number of days worked during the target year for payment (meaning the year preceding the year in which the internal evaluation bonus is paid). Accordingly, it appears that an employee who resigned was paid the internal evaluation bonus in proportion to the number of days worked in the previous year, while an employee who was hired in the relevant year was not paid the internal evaluation bonus in that year.

(3) Examining the above factual relationship in light of the legal principles set forth above, it can be seen that the internal evaluation bonus received by the Plaintiffs was, in substance, wages for the previous year with only the timing of payment set as the relevant year. Nevertheless, the court below determined that the internal evaluation bonus is included in the ordinary wages of the relevant year. The judgment below erred in misunderstanding the legal principles regarding ordinary wages, etc., which affected the judgment. The grounds for appeal pointing this out are justified.

3. Scope of reversal
Among the parts of the judgment below against the Defendant, the part concerning the claim for overtime allowance calculated by recognizing the internal evaluation bonus as ordinary wages for the relevant year contains grounds for reversal. Since the court below ordered payment of the overtime allowance recalculated to include the internal evaluation bonus together with other wage items recognized as ordinary wages, it is necessary to recalculate the amount of the overtime allowance reflecting the above grounds for reversal. Accordingly, the entire part of the judgment below against the Defendant is reversed.

4. Conclusion
The Defendant's appeal has merit, and the part of the judgment below against the Defendant is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination. This judgment is rendered by unanimous opinion of the Justices, as stated in the Order.

[[Attachment] List of Plaintiffs: Omitted]

Justice Lee Dong-won (Presiding Justice), Kim Jae-hyung (Justice in charge), Min Yu-sook, Noh Tae-ak

【판결요지】

[1] 지급 대상기간에 이루어진 근로자의 근무실적을 평가하여 이를 토대로 지급 여부나 지급액이 정해지는 임금은 지급 대상기간에 대한 임금으로서는 일반적으로 고정성이 부정된다. 그러나 근무실적에 관하여 최하 등급을 받더라도 일정액을 지급하는 경우와 같이 최소한도의 지급이 확정되어 있다면, 그 최소한도의 임금은 고정적 임금이라고 할 수 있다.

근로자의 전년도 근무실적에 따라 당해 연도에 대한 임금으로서 특정 임금의 지급 여부나 지급액을 정하는 경우, 당해 연도에 임금의 지급 여부나 지급액이 확정적이라면 당해 연도에 그 임금은 고정적인 임금에 해당하는 것으로 보아야 한다. 그러나 전년도 근무실적을 평가하여 이를 토대로 지급 여부나 지급액이 정해지는 임금이 당해 연도에 지급된다고 하더라도, 전년도에 대한 임금을 지급 시기만 당해 연도로 정한 것이라고 볼 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에는 전년도에 대한 임금으로서의 고정성을 인정할 수 없다. 이 경우에도 근무실적에 관하여 최하 등급을 받더라도 일정액을 최소한도로 보장하여 지급하기로 한 경우에는 그 한도 내에서 전년도에 대한 고정적인 임금으로 볼 수 있다.

[2] 한국고용정보원이 공공기관 운영에 관한 법률에 따라 매년 전년도 경영실적에 대한 공공기관 경영평가를 받은 후 이에 따라 ‘경영평가성과급 예비비 및 자체성과급(내부평가급) 지급 계획(안)’을 만들어 ‘전년도 기준월봉 × 개인별 연봉등급에 따른 지급률’로 계산한 내부성과급을 소속 근로자들에게 지급하였는데, 한국고용정보원의 근로자인 甲 등이 내부평가급을 통상임금에 포함하여 재산정한 연장근로수당의 지급을 구한 사안에서, 위 지급 계획(안)에 따르면 내부평가급은 근로자별로 지급 대상연도(내부평가급이 지급되는 해의 전년도를 의미한다)에 근무한 일수에 비례하여 지급하도록 되어 있었고, 이에 따라 퇴사한 직원은 전년도 근무일수에 비례하여 내부평가급을 지급받지만, 당해 연도에 입사한 근로자는 당해 연도에는 내부평가급을 지급받지 못한 사정 등에 비추어, 甲 등이 지급받은 내부평가급은 전년도에 대한 임금을 지급 시기만 당해 연도로 정한 것임을 알 수 있는데도, 내부평가급이 당해 연도의 통상임금에 포함된다고 본 원심판단에 법리오해의 잘못이 있다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

[2] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제56조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항, 고용정책 기본법 제18조, 공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률 제48조 제1항, 제10항, 공공기관의 운영에 관한 법률 시행령 제27조 제4항

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결(공2014상, 236)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,524자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 별지 원고 명단 기재와 같다. (소송대리인 법무법인 우성 담당변호사 이상수)

【피고, 상고인】 한국고용정보원 (소송대리인 정부법무공단 담당변호사 김영두 외 2인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2016. 12. 21. 선고 2016나2076931 판결

【주 문】

원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유(상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 다음 제출된 상고이유보충서는 이를 보충하는 범위에서)를 판단한다.

1. 직급보조비, 월정직책급, 중식보조비, 교통보조비의 통상임금성

원심은 피고가 원고들에게 지급한 직급보조비, 월정직책급, 중식보조비, 교통보조비에 대하여 통상임금에 해당한다고 판단하였다.

원심판결 이유를 관련 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 통상임금에 관한 법리를 오해한 잘못이 없다.

2. 내부평가급의 통상임금성

가. 원심은 내부평가급에 대하여 1년을 지급 주기로 하는 임금으로서 정기성이 인정되고, 모든 직원에게 지급되는 점에서 일률성도 인정되며, 전년도 근무실적에 따라 당해 연도에 그 지급 여부나 지급액을 정한다는 점에서 고정성도 인정되어 통상임금에 포함된다고 판단하였다.

나. 그러나 원심판단은 다음과 같은 이유로 받아들이기 어렵다.

(1) 지급 대상기간에 이루어진 근로자의 근무실적을 평가하여 이를 토대로 지급 여부나 지급액이 정해지는 임금은 지급 대상기간에 대한 임금으로서는 일반적으로 고정성이 부정된다. 그러나 근무실적에 관하여 최하 등급을 받더라도 일정액을 지급하는 경우와 같이 최소한도의 지급이 확정되어 있다면, 그 최소한도의 임금은 고정적 임금이라고 할 수 있다.

근로자의 전년도 근무실적에 따라 당해 연도에 대한 임금으로서 특정 임금의 지급 여부나 지급액을 정하는 경우, 당해 연도에 그 임금의 지급 여부나 지급액이 확정적이라면 당해 연도에 그 임금은 고정적인 임금에 해당하는 것으로 보아야 한다. 그러나 전년도 근무실적을 평가하여 이를 토대로 지급 여부나 지급액이 정해지는 임금이 당해 연도에 지급된다고 하더라도, 전년도에 대한 임금을 그 지급 시기만 당해 연도로 정한 것이라고 볼 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에는 전년도에 대한 임금으로서의 고정성을 인정할 수 없다. 이 경우에도 근무실적에 관하여 최하 등급을 받더라도 일정액을 최소한도로 보장하여 지급하기로 한 경우에는 그 한도 내에서 전년도에 대한 고정적인 임금으로 볼 수 있다(대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결 참조).

(2) 원심판결 이유와 기록에 따르면 다음 사정을 알 수 있다.

(가) 피고는 공공기관 운영에 관한 법률에 따라 매년 전년도 경영실적에 대한 공공기관 경영평가를 받았다. 피고는 매년 6월경 정부가 ‘공공기관 경영실적 평가결과 및 후속조치 통보’를 하면 그에 따라 ‘경영평가성과급 예비비 및 자체성과급(내부평가급) 지급 계획(안)’[이하 ‘지급 계획(안)’이라 한다]을 만들어 노사협의와 이사회 의결을 거친 다음 7~8월경에 소속 근로자들에게 경영평가성과급과 내부평가급을 지급하였다.

(나) 피고는 지급 계획(안)에 따라 내부성과급의 액수를 ‘전년도 기준월봉 × 개인별 연봉등급에 따른 지급률’로 하였다. ‘개인별 연봉등급에 따른 지급률’은 2012년부터 2014년까지는 S등급 134%, 가등급 117%, 나등급 100%, 다등급 83%, 라등급 66%로 정해졌다. 2015년에는 S등급 150%, 가등급 110%, 나등급 100%, 다등급 90%, 라등급 50%로 정해졌다.

(다) 지급 계획(안)에 따르면 내부평가급은 근로자별로 지급 대상연도(내부평가급이 지급되는 해의 전년도를 의미한다)에 근무한 일수에 비례하여 지급하도록 되어 있었다. 이에 따라 퇴사한 직원은 전년도 근무일수에 비례하여 내부평가급을 지급받지만, 당해 연도에 입사한 근로자는 당해 연도에는 내부평가급을 지급받지 못한 것으로 보인다.

(3) 위와 같은 사실관계를 위에서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 원고들이 지급받은 내부평가급은 전년도에 대한 임금을 그 지급 시기만 당해 연도로 정한 것임을 알 수 있다. 그런데도 원심은 내부평가급이 당해 연도의 통상임금에 포함된다고 판단하였다. 원심판단에는 통상임금에 관한 법리 등을 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다. 이를 지적하는 상고이유 주장은 정당하다.

3. 파기의 범위

원심판결의 피고 패소 부분 가운데 내부평가급을 당해 연도 통상임금으로 인정하여 산정한 연장근로수당청구 부분에는 파기 사유가 있다. 원심은 내부평가급과 통상임금으로 인정된 다른 임금 항목을 포함하여 재산정한 연장근로수당의 지급을 명하였으므로, 위 파기 사유를 반영하여 다시 연장근로수당 금액을 산정할 필요가 있어, 피고 패소 부분을 전부 파기하기로 한다.

4. 결론

피고의 상고는 이유 있어 원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여, 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

[[별 지] 원고 명단: 생략]

대법관 이동원(재판장) 김재형(주심) 민유숙 노태악

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