Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2003다10421

Wages (임금) Case임금

Decided2003. 06. 27. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

In this case, street cleaners employed by Jung-gu District in Seoul demanded that their family allowance (가족수당) be included in the calculation of average wage (평균임금), which serves as the basis for severance pay (퇴직금). The Supreme Court ruled that since the family allowance was paid uniformly to all workers meeting certain conditions, it qualified as wages and must be included in the average wage calculation. The employer's argument that a labor-management council (노사협의회) had agreed to exclude the family allowance from average wage was rejected. While the workers ultimately won the case, the Court corrected an error in the applicable statutory interest rate for delayed payment damages.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Street cleaners employed by Jung-gu District, Seoul, demanded that their family allowance be included in the average wage used to calculate severance pay.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that the family allowance qualified as wages because it was paid uniformly to workers meeting certain conditions, and that a labor-management council agreement could not override this classification.
  • LessonLesson: Allowances paid regularly and uniformly are recognized as wages regardless of their name and must be factored into severance pay calculations, so employers should design their wage systems accordingly.
Issues
  • Whether the family allowance (가족수당) should be included in the average wage (평균임금) used as the basis for calculating severance pay (퇴직금)
  • Whether there was a valid agreement at the labor-management council (노사협의회) to exclude the family allowance from the average wage calculation
Key reasoning

The family allowance was an obligation the employer was required to pay, and it was distributed uniformly to workers who satisfied specific eligibility requirements. Because of this uniform and mandatory nature, the allowance could not be classified as a discretionary or goodwill payment; rather, it constituted true wages representing compensation for labor. The Court further found that the discussions at the labor-management council merely confirmed an existing practice rather than establishing a binding agreement to exclude the family allowance from average wage calculations. Therefore, the employer could not rely on the council's discussions to argue for exclusion of the allowance from severance pay calculations.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,697 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 37 others (Attorneys Kim Jun-hyo and 3 others, Counsel for the Plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellant] Jung-gu, Seoul Metropolitan City (Cho Rim Law Firm, Attorney Park Sang-gi, Counsel for the Defendant)
[Judgment Below] Seoul District Court Judgment 2002Na33020, decided January 16, 2003

[Order]

Of the portion of the judgment below concerning delay damages, the part in which the Defendant lost, insofar as it exceeds the amount calculated at the rate of 5% per annum from October 31, 2001 to May 31, 2003, and at the rate of 20% per annum from the following day until the date of full payment, on each amount stated in the column "Amount Claimed by Each Plaintiff" in the attached table to the first instance judgment, is reversed, and the corresponding part of the first instance judgment is vacated, and the Plaintiffs' claims corresponding thereto are each dismissed. The remainder of the Defendant's appeal is dismissed in its entirety. The total costs of the litigation shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning] The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. Regarding the average wage forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance

If a family allowance is one that the employer is obligated to pay, and has been uniformly paid to workers who meet certain requirements, then it does not constitute a discretionary or gratuitous payment, but rather is of the nature of remuneration for labor and thus constitutes wages (see Supreme Court Decision 2000Da18127, decided May 31, 2002; Supreme Court en banc Decision 93Da26168, decided July 11, 1995, etc.).

In the same vein, the court below was justified in rejecting the Defendant's argument that the family allowance, as a discretionary or gratuitous payment, should not be included in the average wage forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, on the ground that the Defendant uniformly paid the family allowance to all environmental sanitation workers who met certain requirements, and there is no error of law in misunderstanding the legal doctrine on average wage in this regard.

The Supreme Court precedents cited in the grounds of appeal concern different facts and are not appropriate to be invoked in this case.

2. Regarding the agreement to exclude the family allowance from the average wage

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below determined as follows regarding the Defendant's argument that "at the 1993 Labor-Management Council, there was an express or implied agreement not to include the family allowance in the average wage": it is recognized that at the Labor-Management Council held on September 14, 1993, it was resolved to include the transportation subsidy, which began to be paid from 1993, in the average wage, and that the Seoul Metropolitan City Labor Union, in reporting to its members on October 22, 1993 that the Labor-Management Council had resolved to include the transportation subsidy in the average wage, stated in its report "Items excluded from average wage (2 types) - family allowance, child tuition subsidy allowance"; however, this merely confirmed the practice, existing up to that time, whereby the Defendant had not included the family allowance in the average wage when calculating retirement allowances, in the context of the Labor-Management Council's decision at that time to include the transportation subsidy within the scope of wages forming the basis for calculating the average wage, and it is difficult to view this as an implied agreement to exclude the family allowance from the scope of wages forming the basis for calculating the average wage. Moreover, there is no other evidence to support the Defendant's argument; rather, according to the evidence cited in the judgment, it can be recognized that at the said Labor-Management Council, only the question of whether to include the transportation subsidy in the average wage was at issue, and no discussion whatsoever took place regarding whether to exclude the family allowance from the average wage. On this basis, the court below rejected the Defendant's above argument.

Upon examining the relevant evidence in light of the record, the above findings and determination of the court below are acceptable, and there is no error of law in misapprehending the facts in violation of the rules of evidence.

Meanwhile, according to the record, it is recognized that in February 1996, the Seoul Metropolitan City Labor Union sent a document to the Seoul Metropolitan City entitled "Request for Notification of Agreement on Retirement Allowance Calculation Method (Example)," stating: "Pursuant to the Ministry of Home Affairs' (1996 Local Government Budget Formulation Guidelines), the wage payment items and amounts for union members have changed, causing confusion as the retirement allowance calculation methods differ among each autonomous district. Please review the attached retirement allowance calculation (example), and if there are matters to be corrected or if there is no objection, please regard this as a labor-management agreement and notify each autonomous district accordingly." The Seoul Metropolitan City accepted this as is and notified each autonomous district, and the family allowance was not mentioned among the items in the average wage forming the basis for calculating the retirement allowance therein. However, this appears merely to reflect the changed wage payment items and amounts in the calculation of retirement allowance, and it is difficult to view this as constituting an agreement to exclude the family allowance from the average wage forming the basis for calculating the retirement allowance. Therefore, even though the court below did not explicitly rule on this portion of the Defendant's argument, this cannot be deemed an omission of judgment that affected the outcome of the judgment.

3. Ex officio determination regarding the portion on delay damages

Upon ex officio examination, the Constitutional Court rendered a decision of unconstitutionality on April 24, 2003 regarding the portion "the interest rate prescribed by Presidential Decree" in the main text of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the former Act on Special Cases Concerning the Promotion, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법) (before its amendment by Act No. 6868 of May 10, 2003). Thereafter, the amended provision of the said Act and the corresponding amended Regulation on the Statutory Interest Rate under the Main Text of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Promotion, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법제3조제1항본문의법정이율에관한규정) (wholly amended by Presidential Decree No. 17981 of May 29, 2003) provide that, for cases pending before the courts at the time the amended Act takes effect, the statutory interest rate to be applied on and after June 1, 2003 shall be 20% per annum. Accordingly, for the amounts awarded by the court below, delay damages should have been ordered at the civil statutory interest rate of 5% per annum until May 31, 2003, before the amended Act took effect, and at the rate of 20% per annum pursuant to the amended Act from June 1, 2003 until the date of full payment. However, the judgment below, having applied the pre-amendment statutory provision to the entire period from October 31, 2001 onward and awarded delay damages at the rate of 25% per annum, consequently contains an error of law in misapplying the statutory interest rate for delay damages, which affected the judgment.

4. Conclusion

Therefore, of the portion of the judgment below concerning delay damages, the part in which the Defendant lost, insofar as it exceeds the delay damages calculated at the rate of 5% per annum prescribed by the Civil Act (민법) from October 31, 2001 to May 31, 2003, and at the rate of 20% per annum prescribed by the amended Act on Special Cases Concerning the Promotion, etc. of Legal Proceedings from the following day until the date of full payment, on each amount stated in the column "Amount Claimed by Each Plaintiff" in the attached table to the first instance judgment, is reversed. As this Court finds it sufficient to render judgment directly on this portion, this Court renders its own judgment thereon: the portion of the first instance judgment corresponding to the reversed portion is vacated, and the Plaintiffs' claims corresponding thereto are each dismissed. The remainder of the Defendant's appeal is without merit and is dismissed in its entirety. It is so decided by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices as set forth in the Order.

Presiding Justice Kang Shin-uk
Justice Byun Jae-seung (Justice in charge)
Justice Yoon Jae-sik
Justice Ko Hyun-chul

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제18조, 제19조

[2] 근로기준법 제19조, 제34조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1987. 2. 24. 선고 84다카1409 판결(공1987, 506),대법원 1995. 5. 12. 선고 94다55934 판결(공1995상, 2111),대법원 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 전원합의체 판결(공1995하, 2577),대법원 1997. 10. 24. 선고 96다33037, 33044 판결(공1997하, 3577)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,126자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 1 외 37인 (소송대리인 변호사 김준효 외 3인)

【피고, 상고인】 서울특별시 중구 (소송대리인 서초 법무법인 담당변호사 박상기)

【원심판결】 서울지방법원 2003. 1. 16. 선고 2002나33020 판결

【주 문】

원심판결의 지연손해금에 관한 부분 중 제1심판결의 별지표 원고들별 청구금액란 기재 각 금원에 대한 2001. 10. 31.부터 2003. 5. 31.까지는 연 5푼의, 그 다음날부터 완제일까지는 연 2할의 각 비율에 의한 금원을 초과하는 피고 패소 부분을 파기하여 그 부분 제1심판결을 취소하고, 그에 해당하는 원고들의 청구를 각 기각한다. 피고의 나머지 상고를 모두 기각한다. 소송 총비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 퇴직금 산정의 기초로 되는 평균임금에 관하여

가족수당은 사용자에게 그 지급의무가 있는 것이고 일정한 요건에 해당하는 근로자에게 일률적으로 지급되어 왔다면, 이는 임의적·은혜적인 급여가 아니라 근로에 대한 대가의 성질을 가지는 것으로서 임금에 해당한다(대법원 2002. 5. 31. 선고 2000다18127 판결, 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 전원합의체 판결 등 참조).

같은 취지에서 원심이, 피고가 모든 환경미화원을 대상으로 일정 요건에 해당하는 경우 일률적으로 가족수당을 지급하였음을 이유로 가족수당이 임의적·은혜적인 급여로서 퇴직금 산정의 기초로 되는 평균임금에 포함되지 않는다는 피고의 주장을 배척한 것은 정당하고, 거기에 평균임금에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다 할 수 없다.

상고이유에서 들고 있는 대법원 판례는 사안을 달리하여 이 사건에 원용하기에 적절하지 아니하다.

2. 평균임금에서 가족수당을 제외하기로 하는 합의에 관하여

원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은, "1993. 노사협의회에서 가족수당을 평균임금에 포함하지 않기로 하는 명시적 또는 묵시적 합의가 있었다."는 피고의 주장에 대하여, 1993. 9. 14. 개최된 노사협의회에서 1993.부터 지급되기 시작한 교통보조비를 평균임금에 포함시키기로 결의하고, 서울특별시노동조합이 1993. 10. 22. 조합원들에게 위 노사협의회에서 교통보조비를 평균임금에 포함시키기로 결의하였음을 보고하면서 그 보고서에 '평균임금 대상제외(2종) - 가족수당, 자녀학비보조수당'이라고 기재한 사실은 인정되나, 이는 당시 노사협의회에서 교통보조비를 평균임금의 산정의 기초가 되는 임금의 범위에 포함하기로 하면서 당시까지 피고가 퇴직금을 계산함에 있어 가족수당을 평균임금에 포함시켜 오지 않은 관행을 확인한 것에 불과한 것이지 이를 묵시적으로 가족수당을 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금의 범위에서 제외하기로 합의하였다고 보기는 어렵고, 달리 피고 주장을 인정할 만한 아무런 증거가 없을 뿐만 아니라, 오히려 그 판시 증거에 의하면 위 노사협의회에서는 교통보조비를 평균임금에 포함시킬 것인지 여부가 문제되었을 뿐 가족수당을 평균임금에서 제외할 것인지 여부에 대하여는 아무런 논의도 하지 아니하였던 사실을 인정할 수 있다고 판단하여, 피고의 위 주장을 배척하였다.

기록에 비추어 관계 증거들을 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 인정 및 판단은 수긍이 되고, 거기에 채증법칙을 위배하여 사실을 오인한 위법이 있다 할 수 없다.

한편, 기록에 의하면 1996. 2. 서울특별시 노동조합에서 서울특별시에 '퇴직금 산출방법(예시) 합의시달 요청'이라는 제목으로, '내무부의 (96지방자치단체 예산편성지침)에 따라 조합원의 임금지급항목과 지급액이 변경되어 각 자치구의 퇴직금 산정방법이 상이하여 혼선을 초래하고 있는바, 첨부된 퇴직금산출(예시)을 검토하시고 정정할 사항 또는 이의 없으시면 노사합의로 간주, 각 자치구에 시달하여 주시기 바랍니다.'는 서류를 보내고, 서울특별시가 이를 그대로 받아들여 각 자치구에 통보하였는데, 그 내용 중 퇴직금 산출의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 가족수당은 언급되어 있지 아니한 사실은 인정되나, 이는 변경된 임금지급항목과 지급액을 퇴직금 산정에 반영한 것으로 보일 뿐, 이로써 퇴직금 산출의 기초가 되는 평균임금에서 가족수당을 제외하기로 합의한 것이라고 보기는 어려우므로, 원심이 이 부분 피고의 주장을 명시적으로 판단하지 아니하였다고 하더라도 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 판단유탈의 위법이 있다고 볼 수 없다.

3. 지연손해금 부분에 대한 직권판단

직권으로 살피건대, 개정 전 소송촉진등에관한특례법(2003. 5. 10. 법률 제6868호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항 본문 중 '대통령령으로 정하는 이율' 부분에 대하여는 2003. 4. 24. 헌법재판소의 위헌결정이 있었고, 그 후 개정된 위 법률조항과 그에 따라 개정된 소송촉진등에관한특례법제3조제1항본문의법정이율에관한규정(2003. 5. 29. 대통령령 제17981호로 전문 개정된 것)은 위 개정 법률 시행 당시 법원에 계속중인 사건에 대하여 2003. 6. 1. 이후에 적용할 법정이율을 연 2할로 한다고 규정하고 있으므로 원심이 인용한 금원에 대하여 위 개정 법률이 시행되기 전인 2003. 5. 31.까지는 민사 법정이율인 연 5푼의 비율에 의한 지연손해금을, 2003. 6. 1.부터 완제일까지는 위 개정 법률에 따른 연 2할의 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 명하여야 할 것인데, 2001. 10. 31. 이후의 전 기간에 대하여 위 개정 전의 법률 규정을 적용하여 연 2할 5푼의 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 인용한 원심판결에는 결과적으로 지연손해금의 법정이율을 잘못 적용하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있게 되었다고 할 것이다.

4. 결 론

그러므로 원심판결의 지연손해금에 관한 부분 중, 제1심판결의 별지표 원고들별 청구금액란 기재 각 금원에 대한 2001. 10. 31.부터 2003. 5. 31.까지는 민법 소정의 연 5푼의, 그 다음날부터 완제일까지는 개정된 소송촉진등에관한특례법 소정의 연 2할의 각 비율에 의한 지연손해금을 초과하는 피고 패소 부분을 파기하되, 이 부분은 이 법원이 직접 재판하기에 충분하므로 자판하기로 하는바, 위 파기 부분에 해당하는 제1심판결을 취소하고 그에 해당하는 원고들의 청구를 각 기각하며, 피고의 나머지 상고는 이유 없으므로 이를 모두 기각하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 강신욱(재판장) 변재승(주심) 윤재식 고현철

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2010두19461 · 대법원 2011-06-10
Revocation of Disapproval of Application to Correct Average
#2
2005다25113 · 대법원 2007-07-12
Retirement Pay
#3
2011다27134 · 대법원 2011-08-18
Wages, etc.
#4
2018다245160, 245177 · 대법원 2018-12-27
Wages and Damages (Case No. 2018Da245160, 245177)
#5
2007다32993 · 대법원 2007-09-20
노임

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)