Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2003다10650

Wages, etc. (임금등)임금등

Decided2003. 04. 22. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Workers demanded that family allowances, lunch allowances, and gift money be included in the calculation of their ordinary wages (통상임금) and average wages (평균임금). The Supreme Court ruled against the workers, finding that the family allowance and lunch allowance were not paid uniformly to all employees—and the lunch allowance was provided in kind rather than cash—so neither qualified as ordinary wages. The Court also found that the gift money was not paid on a continuous and regular basis, so it could not be included in average wages. The workers' appeal was dismissed.

Key takeaways
  • CaseEmployees requested that family allowances, lunch allowances, and gift money be counted as part of their ordinary wages and average wages.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court rejected all claims, ruling that the family and lunch allowances were not paid uniformly to all workers, and the gift money was not paid regularly.
  • LessonTo qualify as 'ordinary wages,' a payment must be made regularly and uniformly to all employees; to qualify as 'average wages,' a payment must be made continuously and on a regular basis.
Issues
  • Whether family allowances and lunch allowances should be included in the calculation of ordinary wages (통상임금)
  • Whether gift money should be included in the calculation of average wages (평균임금)
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, 'ordinary wages' (통상임금) must be fixed payments made regularly and uniformly to all employees performing the same work. The family allowance failed this test because it was only paid to employees with dependents, not to all workers. Similarly, the lunch allowance was only given to full-time on-site employees and was provided as an in-kind benefit rather than cash, further disqualifying it. Separately, 'average wages' (평균임금) require payments to be made continuously and regularly over time. The gift money did not meet this standard because it was not paid on such a regular, ongoing basis. Based on these findings, the Court concluded that none of the three types of payments qualified for inclusion in either wage calculation.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Money and valuables paid to an employee as consideration for prescribed work or total work, if paid regularly and uniformly, shall in principle all constitute wages belonging to ordinary wages (통상임금); however, in light of the legislative purpose of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the function and necessity of ordinary wages, in order for a certain wage to constitute ordinary wages, it must be a fixed wage that is paid regularly and uniformly, and therefore wages that are not paid regularly and uniformly, or that are not fixed wages, such as those whose payment or amount varies depending on actual work performance, do not constitute ordinary wages.

[2] A case holding that a family allowance paid only to employees with dependents, and meal expenses provided in kind only to employees on regular duty where no equivalent money or valuables were provided to employees who did not receive the goods in kind, are not included in ordinary wages.

[3] The total amount of wages, which serves as the basis for calculating average wages (평균임금), includes all money and valuables paid by the employer to an employee as consideration for labor, which are paid continuously and regularly to the employee and for which the employer is obligated to pay pursuant to a collective agreement, rules of employment, remuneration regulations, employment contract, labor practice, etc., regardless of their name; however, money paid to reimburse expenses additionally incurred by an employee due to performing duties under special working conditions or environment, or money paid gratuitously by the employer without any obligation to pay, is not included in the total amount of wages serving as the basis for calculating average wages.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,004 chars

[Party, Appellant] Plaintiff 1 and 4 others (Attorney: Daesung Law Firm, Attorney in charge Lee Nam-jin)
[Party, Appellee] Kia Motors Corporation (Attorney: Samhan Law Firm, Attorneys in charge Kim Gwang-nyeon and 4 others)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2002Na12620 rendered on January 10, 2003

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of appeal are borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal.

1. As to whether the family allowance and lunch allowance may serve as the basis for calculating ordinary wages

Monies paid to an employee as consideration for prescribed work or total work, if paid regularly and uniformly, in principle all fall under wages belonging to ordinary wages; however, in light of the legislative purpose of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the function and necessity of ordinary wages, in order for a certain wage to constitute an ordinary wage, it must belong to a fixed wage paid regularly and uniformly (see Supreme Court Decision 97Da28421 rendered on April 24, 1998), and thus, wages that are not paid regularly and uniformly, or that are not fixed wages, such as those whose payment and amount vary depending on actual work performance, do not constitute ordinary wages (see Supreme Court Decisions 90Daka14758 rendered on June 28, 1991; 94Da26615 rendered on October 28, 1994; 95Da19256 rendered on May 14, 1996; 2000Da29370 rendered on July 23, 2002, etc.).

Examining the record in light of the evidence adopted in the first instance judgment cited by the court below, the court below found the fact that the Defendant company's Wage Rules for Technical Staff and Wage Rules for General Staff provide that, where an employee has dependents, a family allowance of KRW 10,000 per dependent, up to a maximum of four dependents, shall be paid, and that lunch allowance shall in principle be provided in kind only to full-time employees on duty, provided that employees working in regions where provision in kind is not possible may be paid in cash. Based on this, the court below determined that, since the family allowance was paid only to employees with dependents, and the lunch allowance was provided in kind only to full-time employees on duty, and it cannot be recognized that any monies equivalent thereto were provided to employees who did not receive the goods in kind, absent special circumstances, neither the family allowance nor the lunch allowance may be included in the calculation of ordinary wages. This determination is justified, and there is no error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, of misapprehension of the facts due to violation of the rules of evidence, or of misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the scope of wages that form the basis for calculating ordinary wages.

The Supreme Court Decisions 90Daka19647 rendered on December 7, 1990, and 93Da26168 rendered on July 11, 1995, cited by the Plaintiffs in their grounds of appeal, are merely to the effect that family allowances or meal allowances may serve as the basis for calculating average wages, and are not appropriately applicable to the instant case.

2. As to whether the gift expenses may serve as the basis for calculating average wages

The total amount of wages forming the basis for calculating average wages includes all monies paid by the employer to the employee as consideration for labor, which are paid continuously and regularly to the employee and for which the employer is obligated to pay under a collective agreement, rules of employment, wage regulations, employment contract, labor practice, etc., regardless of their designation (see Supreme Court Decision 2001Da53950 rendered on October 23, 2001); however, expense-reimbursement monies paid to compensate for additional costs incurred by an employee due to performing duties under special working conditions or environment, or monies paid gratuitously by the employer without an obligation to pay, are not included in the total amount of wages forming the basis for calculating average wages (see Supreme Court Decision 97Da56235 rendered on February 9, 1999).

Examining the record in light of the evidence adopted in the first instance judgment cited by the court below, the measure by which the court below determined that it cannot be found that the Defendant company continuously and regularly paid gift expenses to the Plaintiffs as consideration for labor is justified, and there is no error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, of insufficient deliberation or misapprehension of the facts due to violation of the rules of evidence. The argument in the grounds of appeal on this point also cannot be accepted.

3. Therefore, the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Presiding Justice Seo Seong, Justice Lee Yong-woo, Justice Bae Gi-won (Presiding Judge of the Report), Justice Park Jae-yun

【판결요지】

[1] 소정 근로 또는 총 근로의 대상(對償)으로 근로자에게 지급되는 금품으로서 그것이 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 것이면 원칙적으로 모두 통상임금에 속하는 임금이라 할 것이나, 근로기준법의 입법 취지와 통상임금의 기능 및 필요성에 비추어 볼 때 어떤 임금이 통상임금에 해당하려면 그것이 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 고정적인 임금에 속하여야 하므로, 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 것이 아니거나 실제의 근무성적에 따라 지급 여부 및 지급액이 달라지는 것과 같이 고정적인 임금이 아닌 것은 통상임금에 해당하지 아니한다.

[2] 부양가족이 있는 근로자에게만 지급된 가족수당과 상근자에 한하여 현물로 지급되며 현물을 제공받지 않은 근로자에 대하여 그에 상당하는 금품이 제공되지 않은 경우의 중식대가 통상임금에 포함되지 않는다고 본 사례.

[3] 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 그 지급의무가 지워져 있는 것은 그 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함된다 할 것이나, 근로자가 특수한 근무조건이나 환경에서 직무를 수행함으로 말미암아 추가로 소요되는 비용을 변상하기 위하여 지급되는 실비변상적 금원 또는 사용자가 지급의무 없이 은혜적으로 지급하는 금원 등은 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에 포함되지 아니한다.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제18조, 근로기준법시행령 제6조

[2] 근로기준법 제18조, 근로기준법시행령 제6조

[3] 근로기준법 제19조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 6. 28. 선고 90다카14758 판결(공1991하, 2015), 대법원 1994. 10. 28. 선고 94다26615 판결(공1994하, 3119), 대법원 1996. 5. 14. 선고 95다19256 판결(공1996하, 1837), 대법원 1998. 4. 24. 선고 97다28421 판결(공1998상, 1438), 대법원 2002. 7. 23. 선고 2000다29370 판결(공2002하, 2017) / [2] 대법원 1999. 2. 9. 선고 97다56235 판결(공1999상, 451), 대법원 2001. 10. 23. 선고 2001다53950 판결(공2001하, 2529)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,042자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 4인 (소송대리인 법무법인 대성 담당변호사 이남진)

【피고, 피상고인】 기아자동차 주식회사 (소송대리인 법무법인 삼한 담당변호사 김광년 외 4인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2003. 1. 10. 선고 2002나12620 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고들이 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 가족수당 및 중식대가 통상임금산정의 기초가 될 수 있는지 여부에 관하여

소정 근로 또는 총근로의 대상(對償)으로 근로자에게 지급되는 금품으로서 그것이 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 것이면 원칙적으로 모두 통상임금에 속하는 임금이라 할 것이나, 근로기준법의 입법 취지와 통상임금의 기능 및 필요성에 비추어 볼 때 어떤 임금이 통상임금에 해당하려면 그것이 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 고정적인 임금에 속하여야 하므로(대법원 1998. 4. 24. 선고 97다28421 판결 참조), 정기적·일률적으로 지급되는 것이 아니거나 실제의 근무성적에 따라 지급 여부 및 지급액이 달라지는 것과 같이 고정적인 임금이 아닌 것은 통상임금에 해당하지 아니한다(대법원 1991. 6. 28. 선고 90다카14758 판결, 1994. 10. 28. 선고 94다26615 판결, 1996. 5. 14. 선고 95다19256 판결, 2002. 7. 23. 선고 2000다29370 판결 등 참조).

원심이 인용한 제1심판결이 채용한 증거들을 기록에 비추어 살펴보면 원심이, 피고 회사의 기능직 임금규칙 및 일반직 임금규칙에 부양가족이 있는 경우에는 4인을 초과하지 않는 범위 내에서 부양가족 1인당 금 10,000원씩의 가족수당을 지급하며, 중식대는 상근자에 한하여 현물로 지급함을 원칙으로 하되, 현물지급이 불가능한 지역에 근무하는 자에 대하여는 현금으로 지급할 수 있다고 규정되어 있는 사실을 인정한 다음, 가족수당은 부양가족이 있는 근로자에게만 지급되었던 것이고, 중식대는 상근자에 한하여 현물로 지급되며 현물을 제공받지 않은 근로자에 대하여 그에 상당하는 금품이 제공되었음을 인정할 수 없으므로 특별한 사정이 없는 한 가족수당 및 중식대 모두 통상임금의 산정시 포함될 수 없다고 판단한 것은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 채증법칙 위반으로 인한 사실오인이나 통상임금산정시 기초가 되는 임금의 범위에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 볼 수 없다.

원고들이 상고이유에서 들고 있는 대법원 1990. 12. 7. 선고 90다카19647 판결, 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 판결은 모두 가족수당이나 식대가 평균임금을 산정함에 있어서 그 산정의 기초가 될 수 있다는 취지에 불과하여 본건에 적용하기에 적절하지 아니하다.

2. 선물비가 평균임금산정의 기초가 될 수 있는지 여부에 관하여

평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 그 지급의무가 지워져 있는 것은 그 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함된다 할 것이나(대법원 2001. 10. 23. 선고 2001다53950 판결 참조), 근로자가 특수한 근무조건이나 환경에서 직무를 수행함으로 말미암아 추가로 소요되는 비용을 변상하기 위하여 지급되는 실비변상적 금원 또는 사용자가 지급의무 없이 은혜적으로 지급하는 금원 등은 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에 포함되지 아니한다(대법원 1999. 2. 9. 선고 97다56235 판결 참조).

원심이 인용한 제1심판결이 채용한 증거들을 기록에 비추어 살펴보면 원심이, 피고 회사가 원고들에게 근로의 대가로 계속적·정기적으로 선물비를 지급하였다고 볼 수 없다고 판단한 조치는 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 심리미진이나 채증법칙 위반으로 인한 사실오인의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다. 이 점에 관한 상고이유의 주장 또한 받아들일 수 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자가 부담하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 서성(재판장) 이용우 배기원(주심) 박재윤

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