Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 96다1726

Severance Pay (퇴직금)퇴직금

Decided1997. 08. 26. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A company amended its internal work rules (취업규칙) to lower the severance pay (퇴직금) payment rate while simultaneously expanding the scope of base wages used to calculate severance pay. Although this amendment appeared disadvantageous to workers at first glance, the Korean Supreme Court found that because the company also introduced new allowances around the same time, the actual severance pay amount employees received increased, meaning their vested interests (기득이익) were not actually harmed. The Court also held that when a new allowance is created and simultaneously excluded from the severance pay calculation base, this does not constitute an unfavorable amendment.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA company lowered its severance pay (퇴직금) rate and expanded the base wage scope through a rule amendment, but simultaneously introduced new allowances that increased actual severance pay, leading an employee to demand application of the old rules instead.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that, judged comprehensively as of the time of amendment, the employee's vested interests were not infringed, and that creating a new allowance while excluding it from severance pay calculation is not an unfavorable amendment.
  • LessonWhen amending severance pay rules, employers should evaluate all simultaneous changes together to ensure employees are not substantively disadvantaged in practice.
Issues
  • The standard and timing for determining whether an amendment to severance pay rules is favorable or unfavorable to employees
  • The validity of unfavorable changes to work rules (취업규칙) made without employee consent
  • Whether amended work rules apply when a change in circumstances means vested interests (기득이익) are no longer actually infringed
  • Whether a rule that creates a new allowance while simultaneously excluding it from severance pay calculation is unfavorable to employees
Key reasoning

Whether an amendment to severance pay rules is favorable or unfavorable to workers must be judged comprehensively as of the time the amendment was made, taking into account all related changes occurring together. Even if an amendment appears disadvantageous on its face, if subsequent circumstances mean that the worker's vested interests (기득이익) are not actually infringed, the amended rule will still apply—even without the worker's consent, which would normally be required under Korean law for unfavorable changes to work rules (취업규칙의 불이익 변경). Specifically, when a company creates a new allowance and at the same time excludes that allowance from the base used to calculate severance pay, this does not amount to an unfavorable change, because the worker's overall severance pay amount does not decrease as a result. Applying this framework, the Court found that the introduction of new allowances offset the effect of the lowered payment rate, so total severance pay actually increased under the new rules.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] In order to determine whether an amendment to the retirement allowance provisions, which form part of the rules of employment, is favorable or unfavorable to employees, it is necessary to comprehensively consider not only the change in the retirement allowance payment rate but also the change in the base wage that is in a relationship of consideration or linkage therewith; however, the point in time for such determination is the point in time at which the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was made, and where, as a result of such comprehensive determination, the amendment is favorable to some employees and unfavorable to others, such that the interests of employees conflict with each other depending on whether they are favored or disfavored, the amendment must be treated as unfavorable to employees as a whole, and the consent of the employees who were subject to the former salary provisions, obtained through a method of collective decision-making, is required.

[2] Even if an employer, in unfavorably amending the rules of employment to the disadvantage of employees, did not obtain the consent of the employees through a method of collective decision-making, since the authority to draft and amend the rules of employment lies with the employer, the rules of employment currently having normative effect as law are the amended rules of employment; provided, however, that with respect to existing employees whose vested interests would be infringed, the former rules of employment shall apply only to them.

[3] Where an amendment to the rules of employment, although unfavorable to employees at the time of the amendment, subsequently ceases to infringe upon the vested interests of existing employees due to a change in circumstances thereafter, the rules of employment applicable to the existing employees shall be the amended rules of employment, even without the employees' consent to the amendment.

[4] Where a company, in its remuneration regulations, provides for the payment of a new allowance while simultaneously amending the retirement allowance provisions to exclude that newly paid allowance from the base wage used for calculating retirement allowances, there is no change in the amount of the retirement allowance before and after the amendment of the retirement allowance provisions, and thus the vested rights or interests of existing employees are not deprived; therefore, such an amendment cannot be deemed an amendment unfavorable to employees.

Full text (English, AI translation) 9,631 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants]

[Defendant, Appellee] Korea Securities Computer Corporation (Korea Securities Computer Corporation) (Attorneys for the defendant: Kwangjang Law Firm, Attorney Park U-dong and 4 others)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment of November 30, 1995, Case No. 95Na11131

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. As to Ground No. 1
The court below found that, around January 1, 1981, the Defendant company amended the retirement allowance provisions of its Rules of Employment (취업규칙) to lower the retirement allowance payment rate as shown in the attached table of the judgment below, while at the same time expanding the base wage used to calculate the retirement allowance from the pre-amendment "standard salary" (기준봉급 = basic salary + position allowance) to the post-amendment "standard pay" (기준급여 = standard salary + bonus + annual/monthly leave compensation + allowances paid monthly at a fixed amount to all employees). In determining whether this amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was favorable or unfavorable to the employees, the court below compared, for the Plaintiffs who had joined before the amendment and retired after it, (i) the amount they could have received under the pre-amendment provisions—i.e., the standard salary at the time of retirement (= basic salary + position allowance) multiplied by the pre-amendment payment rate—with (ii) the amount they actually received—i.e., the standard pay at the time of retirement (= basic salary + position allowance + monthly average bonus + annual/monthly leave compensation + securities allowance + duty allowance + computer management allowance) multiplied by the post-amendment payment rate. Finding that the latter amount was larger, the court below concluded that the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was favorable to the Plaintiffs.

In order to determine whether an amendment to the retirement allowance provisions, which form part of the Rules of Employment, is favorable or unfavorable to employees, it is necessary to comprehensively consider not only the change in the retirement allowance payment rate but also the change in the base wage that bears a consideration relationship or connection with it. However, the point in time for such determination should be the point at which the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was made. Where, as a result of such comprehensive determination, the amendment is favorable to some employees but unfavorable to others, such that there is a conflict of interest among the employees as to favorability, the amendment should be treated as unfavorable to employees as a whole, and thus requires the consent of the employees who were subject to the previous provisions, obtained through a method of collective decision-making (see Supreme Court Decision 93Da1893 delivered on May 14, 1993; Supreme Court Decision 94Da18072 delivered on March 10, 1995).

According to the record, the securities allowance, duty allowance, and computer management allowance included in the base wage for calculating the Plaintiffs' retirement allowance at the time of their retirement were newly established on January 1, 1987, January 1, 1985, and July 1, 1984, respectively. Thus, based on the wage items that the Plaintiffs and other employees were receiving around January 1, 1981, when the retirement allowance provisions were amended, it can be recognized that the "standard pay" under the post-amendment retirement allowance provisions consisted only of the basic salary, position allowance, annual/monthly leave compensation, and monthly average bonus. Comparing the retirement allowance calculated under the pre-amendment provisions with that calculated under the post-amendment provisions, based solely on the circumstances existing at the time of the amendment as described above, it can be seen that the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was favorable to employees with short tenure (6 years or less) but unfavorable to employees with long tenure (10 years or more) (see the table of changes in retirement allowances at pages 201 to 203 of the record). Therefore, the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions should be regarded, viewed as a whole, as unfavorable to the employees, requiring their consent through a method of collective decision-making.

Accordingly, the court below erred in including, in its determination of whether the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was favorable or unfavorable, the allowances newly established after the amendment in the base wage, and in thereby concluding that the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions was favorable to the employees and did not require their consent.

However, even if the employer did not obtain the consent of the employees through a method of collective decision-making in amending the Rules of Employment unfavorably to the employees, since the authority to draft and amend the Rules of Employment rests with the employer, the currently effective Rules of Employment having the force of law is the amended Rules of Employment; provided that, for existing employees whose vested interests are infringed, the previous Rules of Employment shall apply only to them (see Supreme Court Decision 91Da45165 delivered on December 22, 1992; Supreme Court Decision 95Da32631 delivered on December 23, 1996). Therefore, even if an amendment to the Rules of Employment was unfavorable to employees at the time it was made, if, due to a subsequent change in circumstances, it no longer infringes the vested interests of existing employees, then the Rules of Employment applicable to the existing employees shall be the amended Rules of Employment, even without the employees' consent to the amendment.

In the case of the Defendant company, after the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions, the securities allowance, duty allowance, and computer management allowance discussed above were newly established and included in the base wage for calculating retirement allowances, such that, for the Plaintiffs, the retirement allowance calculated under the post-amendment retirement allowance provisions is larger than that calculated under the pre-amendment provisions. Accordingly, applying the post-amendment retirement allowance provisions no longer infringes the Plaintiffs' vested interests, and therefore the amended retirement allowance provisions should be applied to the Plaintiffs.

Therefore, although there are errors in the reasoning process of the judgment below, its conclusion that the retirement allowance provisions applicable to the Plaintiffs are the amended retirement allowance provisions is correct, and there is no illegality of misapprehension of facts or misunderstanding of legal principles affecting the outcome of the judgment as argued in the grounds of appeal.

2. As to Ground No. 2
Where a company, in its Compensation Regulations (보수 규정), provides for the payment of a new allowance while at the same time amending the retirement allowance provisions to exclude that newly paid allowance from the base wage for calculating retirement allowances, there is no change in the amount of the retirement allowance before and after the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions, and thus the vested rights or interests of existing employees are not deprived. Accordingly, such an amendment cannot be said to be unfavorable to employees.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found that the Defendant company amended its Compensation Regulations on July 5, 1988, to pay a market support allowance uniformly to its employees retroactively from January 1 of that year, while at the same time amending the retirement allowance provisions so as not to include the market support allowance in the "allowances paid monthly at a fixed amount to all employees," which forms the base for calculating retirement allowances. The court below then determined that, although the market support allowance should be included in the average wage that forms the basis for calculating retirement allowances under Article 28(1) of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), since the amount of retirement allowance actually received by the Plaintiffs exceeds the amount they could receive under the provisions of the same Act setting the minimum retirement allowance, the Plaintiffs' argument that the Defendant company's measure of excluding the market support allowance from the base wage for calculating retirement allowances was unlawful could not be accepted.

Although there are some inappropriate aspects in the reasoning of the court below, its determination implies that, since the employees cannot be said to have been placed at a disadvantage by the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions, the amendment to the retirement allowance provisions did not require the consent of the group of employees. In light of the legal principles set forth above, the determination of the court below is justified, and there is no illegality of omission of judgment, insufficient deliberation, or misapprehension of facts affecting the outcome of the judgment as argued in the grounds of appeal.

3. Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing parties. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Lee Im-su (Presiding Justice), Choi Jong-yeong, Jeong Gwi-ho (Justice in charge), Lee Don-hui

【판결요지】

[1] 취업규칙의 일부인 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 근로자들에게 유리한지 불리한지 여부를 판단하기 위하여는 퇴직금 지급률의 변화와 함께 그와 대가관계나 연계성이 있는 기초임금의 변화도 고려하여 종합적으로 판단하여야 하지만, 그 판단의 기준 시점은 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 이루어진 시점이며, 그 종합 판단의 결과, 일부 근로자에게는 유리하고 일부 근로자에게는 불리하여 근로자 상호간에 유·불리에 따른 이익이 충돌되는 경우에는 전체적으로 보아 근로자에게 불리한 것으로 취급하여 종전의 급여규정의 적용을 받고 있던 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정 방법에 의한 동의를 필요로 한다.

[2] 사용자가 근로자들에게 불리하게 취업규칙을 변경함에 있어서 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정 방법에 의한 동의를 얻지 아니하였다고 하더라도, 취업규칙의 작성, 변경권이 사용자에게 있는 이상 현행의 법규적 효력을 가진 취업규칙은 변경된 취업규칙이고 다만 기득이익이 침해되는 기존 근로자에 대하여는 종전의 취업규칙이 적용될 따름이다.

[3] 취업규칙의 개정이 그 개정 당시에는 근로자들에게 불리하였어도 그 후의 사정 변경에 의하여 기존 근로자들의 기득의 이익을 침해하지 않게 된 경우에는 그 개정에 대한 근로자들의 동의가 없었더라도 기존의 근로자들에게 적용될 취업규칙은 개정된 취업규칙이다.

[4] 회사가 보수 규정에서 새로운 수당을 지급하도록 규정함과 동시에 퇴직금 규정을 개정하여 새로 지급되는 그 수당을 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에서 제외시킨 경우에는 퇴직금 규정의 개정을 전후하여 퇴직금의 액수에 변동이 있는 것이 아니어서 기존의 근로자들의 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 것이 아니므로 그와 같은 개정은 근로자에게 불리한 개정이라고 할 수 없다.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제28조( 현행 근로기준법 제34조 참조), 제95조 제1항( 현행 근로기준법 제97조 제1항 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제95조 제1항( 현행 근로기준법 제97조 제1항 참조)

[3] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제95조 제1항( 현행 근로기준법 제97조 제1항 참조)

[4] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제28조( 현행 근로기준법 제34조 참조), 제95조 제1항( 현행 근로기준법 제97조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1993. 5. 14. 선고 93다1893 판결(공1993하, 1701), 대법원 1995. 3. 10. 선고 94다18072 판결(공1995상, 1578) /[2] 대법원 1992. 12. 22. 선고 91다45165 전원합의체 판결(공1993상, 546), 대법원 1996. 9. 10. 선고 96다3241 판결(공1996하, 2996), 대법원 1996. 12. 23. 선고 95다32631 판결(공1997상, 482), 대법원 1997. 7. 11. 선고 97다14934 판결(공1997하, 2495)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,547자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,상고인】

【피고,피상고인】 한국증권전산 주식회사 (소송대리인 법무법인 광장 담당변호사 박우동 외 4인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 1995. 11. 30. 선고 95나11131 판결

【주문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 제1점에 대하여

원심은 피고 회사가 1981. 1. 1.을 전후하여 취업규칙 중 퇴직금 규정에 대하여 퇴직금 지급률을 원심판결 별지 표시와 같이 낮추는 한편, 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금은 개정 전의 '기준봉급'(=본봉+직책수당)에서 개정 후에는 '기준급여'(=기준봉급상여금+연·월차휴가 보상금+전직원에게 매월 월정액으로 지급되는 수당)로 확대한 사실을 확정한 후 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 근로자들에게 유리한지 불리한지를 판단하면서 위 개정 전에 입사하였다가 위 개정 후에 퇴직한 원고들의 경우 개정 전의 퇴직금 규정에 의하여 받을 수 있는 금액 즉, 퇴직 당시의 기준봉급(=본봉+직책수당)에 개정 전의 지급률을 곱한 금액보다 원고들이 실제로 지급받은 금액 즉, 퇴직 당시의 기준급여(=본봉+직책수당+상여금 월평균액+연·월차휴가 보상금+증권수당+직무수당+전산관리수당)에 개정 후의 지급률을 곱한 금액이 크다는 이유로 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정은 원고들에게 유리하다고 판단하였다.

취업규칙의 일부인 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 근로자들에게 유리한지 불리한지 여부를 판단하기 위하여는 퇴직금 지급률의 변화와 함께 그와 대가관계나 연계성이 있는 기초임금의 변화도 고려하여 종합적으로 판단하여야 할 것이나, 그 판단의 기준 시점은 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 이루어진 시점이라 할 것이며, 그 종합 판단의 결과 일부 근로자에게는 유리하고 일부 근로자에게는 불리하여 근로자 상호간에 유·불리에 따른 이익이 충돌되는 경우에는 전체적으로 보아 근로자에게 불리한 것으로 취급하여 종전의 급여규정의 적용을 받고 있던 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정 방법에 의한 동의를 필요로 한다고 할 것이다( 대법원 1993. 5. 14. 선고 93다1893 판결, 1995. 3. 10. 선고 94다18072 판결 참조).

기록에 의하면, 원고들의 퇴직 당시 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에 포함된 증권수당은 1987. 1. 1.에, 직무수당은 1985. 1. 1.에, 전산관리수당은 1984. 7. 1.에 각각 신설된 것이어서 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정 당시인 1981. 1. 1.경에 원고들을 비롯한 근로자들이 지급받고 있던 급여 항목에 의하면 개정 후의 퇴직금 규정에서 정하는 기준급여는 본봉, 직책수당, 연·월차휴가 보상금 및 상여금 월평균액을 합한 금액일 뿐인 사실을 인정할 수 있는바, 위와 같은 개정 당시의 사정만을 기준으로 개정 전의 규정에 의한 퇴직금과 개정 후의 규정에 의한 퇴직금을 산출하여 비교하여 보면, 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정은 단기근속자들(6년 이하)에게는 유리하나 장기근속자들(10년 이상)에게는 불리한 사실을 알 수 있으므로(기록 201쪽 내지 203쪽의 퇴직금 변동사항표 참조) 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정은 전체적으로 보아 근로자들에게 불리하여 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정 방법에 의한 동의를 얻어야 한다고 할 것이다.

따라서, 원심이 퇴직금 규정의 개정의 유·불리를 판단하면서 개정 이후에 새로이 신설된 수당까지 기초임금에 포함시켜 판단한 나머지 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정이 근로자들에게 유리하여 근로자들의 동의를 얻을 필요가 없다고 판단한 것은 잘못이라 할 것이다.

그러나, 사용자가 근로자들에게 불리하게 취업규칙을 변경함에 있어서 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정 방법에 의한 동의를 얻지 아니하였다고 하더라도, 취업규칙의 작성, 변경권이 사용자에게 있는 이상 현행의 법규적 효력을 가진 취업규칙은 변경된 취업규칙이고 다만 기득이익이 침해되는 기존 근로자에 대하여는 종전의 취업규칙이 적용될 따름이므로( 대법원 1992. 12. 22. 선고 91다45165 판결, 1996. 12. 23. 선고 95다32631 판결 참조), 취업규칙의 개정이 그 개정 당시에는 근로자들에게 불리하였어도 그 후의 사정 변경에 의하여 기존 근로자들의 기득의 이익을 침해하지 않게 된 경우에는 그 개정에 대한 근로자들의 동의가 없었더라도 기존의 근로자들에게 적용될 취업규칙은 개정된 취업규칙이라고 할 것이다.

피고 회사의 경우 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정 이후에 앞에서 본 바와 같은 증권수당, 직무수당, 전산관리수당 등이 신설되어 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에 포함됨으로써 원고들의 경우 개정 전의 퇴직금 규정에 의하여 산정된 퇴직금액보다 개정 후의 퇴직금 규정에 의하여 산정된 퇴직금액이 더 크다는 것이므로, 결국 개정 후의 퇴직금 규정에 의하더라도 원고들의 기득의 이익을 침해하지 않게 되었다고 할 것이어서 원고들에게는 위 개정된 퇴직금 규정을 적용하여야 할 것이다.

따라서, 원심판결이 그 설시 과정에 잘못된 점이 있기는 하나 결국 원고들에게 적용될 퇴직금 규정이 위 개정된 퇴직금 규정이라고 본 결론은 옳고, 거기에 상고이유로 주장하는 바와 같은 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 사실오인이나 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

2. 제2점에 대하여

회사가 보수 규정에서 새로운 수당을 지급하도록 규정함과 동시에 퇴직금 규정을 개정하여 새로 지급되는 그 수당을 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에서 제외시킨 경우에는 퇴직금 규정의 개정을 전후하여 퇴직금의 액수에 변동이 있는 것이 아니어서 기존의 근로자들의 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 것이 아니므로 위와 같은 개정은 근로자에게 불리한 개정이라고 할 수 없다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 피고 회사가 1988. 7. 5. 보수 규정을 개정하여 소속 근로자들에게 시장지원수당을 같은 해 1. 1.부터 소급하여 일률적으로 지급하기로 하고도 그와 동시에 위 시장지원수당을 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 '매월 전 직원에게 월정액으로 지급되는 수당'에는 포함시키지 않기로 퇴직금 규정을 개정한 사실을 인정한 후, 위 시장지원수당이 근로기준법 제28조 제1항에서 정한 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 포함되어야 하는 것이기는 하지만 원고들이 실제로 수령한 퇴직금액이 퇴직금의 하한선을 규정한 같은 법 규정에 의하여 원고들이 지급받을 수 있는 금액을 상회하므로 위 시장지원수당을 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에서 제외시킨 피고 회사의 조치가 위법하다는 원고들의 주장은 받아들일 수 없다고 판단하고 있다.

원심의 설시에 적절하지 아니한 점이 없지 아니하나, 원심의 위와 같은 판단에는, 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정으로 인하여 근로자들이 불리해졌다고 할 수 없는 것인 만큼, 위 퇴직금 규정의 개정에는 근로자 집단의 동의를 받을 필요가 없다는 취지가 포함되어 있다고 할 것이고, 앞에서 본 법리에 비추어 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당하다고 할 것이므로, 원심판결에 상고이유로 주장하는 바와 같은 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 판단유탈이나 심리미진 내지 사실오인의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자들의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이임수(재판장) 최종영 정귀호(주심) 이돈희

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
73다1384 · 대법원 1973-11-13
Retirement Pay
#2
78다2372 · 대법원 1979-02-27
Retirement Pay
#3
91다3895 · 대법원 1991-04-23
Retirement Pay
#4
94다6789 · 대법원 1994-12-23
Retirement Pay, etc.
#5
73나85 · 서울고법 1976-02-05
퇴직금청구사건

Cases citing this decision

2022다245518 · 대법원 2022-10-14
Wages
2010다17468 · 대법원 2012-06-28
Wages
99다9370 · 대법원 2001-04-24
Retirement Pay
98두6647 · 대법원 1999-06-22
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)