Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 95다29970

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case퇴직금

Decided1996. 12. 23. Court대법원Case remanded (파기환송) — the lower court's decision was overturned and sent back for reconsideration, effectively favoring the employer's position that no continuity of employment existed.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This Supreme Court (대법원) case addressed the requirements for a valid intra-group transfer (전적/전출) of an employee between affiliated companies within the Hanjin Group (한진그룹), even without the employee's individual consent. The Court held that once a valid transfer occurs, the employment relationship with the former employer is generally severed. Because the employee voluntarily chose to receive severance pay (퇴직금) upon the transfer, the Court denied that his years of service were carried over to the new affiliate.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAn employee transferred between Hanjin Group (한진그룹) affiliates received severance pay (퇴직금) upon transfer but later claimed that his years of service should carry over to the new company.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that where an established group-wide transfer practice exists and the employee voluntarily accepted severance pay, continuity of the employment relationship (and thus carryover of service years) could not be recognized.
  • LessonWhen transferring between affiliated companies, employees must carefully choose between receiving severance pay and preserving continuous years of service, as these are mutually exclusive options.
Issues
  • What are the requirements for a valid transfer (전적) of an employee between affiliated companies within a corporate group?
  • Does a valid transfer result in continuity (succession) of the employment relationship with the original employer?
  • If an employee voluntarily accepts severance pay (퇴직금) at the time of transfer, can continuity of employment still be recognized?
Key reasoning

In principle, an intra-group transfer (전적) of an employee to another affiliated company requires the employee's consent. However, the Court recognized an exception: where there is prior blanket consent or an established, long-standing practice of such transfers within a corporate group, individual consent is not required for each transfer. When a transfer is validly carried out under these conditions, the employment relationship with the original employer is treated as terminated. Since the employee in this case freely chose to accept severance pay (퇴직금) rather than have his tenure carried over, the Court found no basis to recognize continuity of employment (and thus no basis to add his prior service years to his tenure at the new company).

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] A transfer of employment (轉籍), whereby an employee is removed from the register of the enterprise by which he is employed and placed on the register of another, separate enterprise so as to engage in the work of that other enterprise, in principle takes effect only with the consent of the employee. However, in the case of a transfer between affiliated companies within a corporate group composed of affiliated enterprises engaged in various types of business and industry that carry on economic activities while maintaining a certain degree of close relationship in terms of capital, composition of executives, business activities, and the like, the employee may be validly transferred to another affiliated company without obtaining his specific consent, but only where special circumstances exist, such as: (i) where prior consent has been obtained after specifying in advance the affiliated company to which the transfer will be made and clearly indicating the basic working conditions, including matters concerning the duties to be performed at that company; or (ii) where there exists, within the corporate group, a practice of transferring employees to other affiliated companies without obtaining their consent, and such practice has been clearly recognized within the enterprise as a normative fact generally governing the employment relationship, or has been accepted by the members of the enterprise generally as a matter of course without raising any objection, thereby becoming established as a de facto system within the enterprise and thus recognized as forming part of the content of the employment contract.

[2] Since a transfer of employment involves the rescission by agreement of the employment relationship with the former enterprise and the conclusion of a new employment contract with the enterprise to which the employee is to be transferred, where a valid transfer has taken place, the employee's employment relationship with the former enterprise is severed, unless there are special circumstances such as an agreement between the parties to succeed to the employment relationship with the former enterprise, or a provision in the rules of employment, etc. of the enterprise to which the employee is transferred providing for the aggregation of the period of service with the former enterprise; and the enterprise to which the employee is transferred does not succeed to the employee's employment relationship with the former enterprise.

[3] In a case where, in ordering a transfer to another affiliated company within the group, the employee was given the choice of either receiving retirement pay calculated solely on the basis of his years of service with the former enterprise, or having such retirement pay transferred to and accumulated with the enterprise to which he was to be transferred so as to receive aggregation of his periods of service, and the employee, of his own free will, chose to receive the retirement pay, the court held that the employee's retirement from the former enterprise was determined by his own free will, that his employment relationship with the former enterprise was concluded upon receipt of the retirement pay, and that, absent other special circumstances, it could not be deemed to have been succeeded to and continued by the enterprise to which he was transferred; accordingly, the court recognized the severance of the employment relationship with the former enterprise.

Full text (English, AI translation) 11,417 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd. (Attorneys Kim Hak-se and 1 other, for the litigation)
[Lower Court Judgment] Seoul District Court, Judgment rendered on May 25, 1995, Case No. 94Na36345

[Order]

The part of the lower court judgment against the Defendant is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Panel Division of the Seoul District Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal submitted by Defendant's litigation counsel (including, to the extent supplementary, the supplementary brief of grounds of appeal filed by Attorneys Yoo Kyung-hee and Kim Hak-se after the deadline) are examined together.

1. A transfer of employment (jeonjeok), whereby a worker is moved from the enterprise by which he is employed to a separate and distinct enterprise so as to engage in the work of that other enterprise, in principle takes effect only with the consent of the worker. However, in the case of a transfer between affiliated companies within a corporate group in which affiliated companies engaged in diverse types and forms of business conduct their economic activities with a certain degree of close relationship in terms of capital, composition of executives, business activities, and the like, such a transfer may be validly effected without obtaining the worker's specific consent, only where special circumstances exist, such as: (i) where the affiliated company to which the transfer is to be made has been specified in advance and prior consent has been obtained by clearly stating the basic working conditions, including matters concerning the duties to be performed at that company; or (ii) where there exists, within the corporate group, a practice of transferring workers to other affiliated companies without obtaining the workers' consent, and such practice has been clearly recognized within the enterprise as a normative fact governing the employment relationship in general, or has been generally accepted by the members of the enterprise without raising any objection thereto as a matter of course, thereby becoming established as a de facto system within the enterprise and recognized as constituting part of the content of the employment contract (see this Court's Decisions 95Da42270, rendered on May 10, 1996, and 92Da11695, rendered on January 26, 1993, among others).

Furthermore, since such a transfer of employment consists of a mutual agreement to terminate the employment relationship with the former enterprise and the conclusion of a new employment contract with the enterprise to which the worker is to be transferred, in a case where a valid transfer of employment has been effected, the worker's employment relationship with the former enterprise is severed, unless there exist special circumstances such as a special agreement between the parties to succeed to the employment relationship with the former enterprise, or a provision in the rules of employment, etc. of the enterprise to which the worker is to be transferred providing for the aggregation of the period of service with the former enterprise; and the enterprise to which the worker is transferred does not succeed to the worker's employment relationship with the former enterprise (see the above Decision 95Da42270, and this Court's Decisions 92Da19316, rendered on June 11, 1993, and 94Da20198, rendered on July 14, 1995, among others).

2. According to the reasoning of the lower court judgment, the lower court found the following facts: that the Plaintiff joined the Defendant company, an affiliate of the Hanjin Group, on December 15, 1980, worked there, and retired on November 30, 1986; that on the following day, he joined Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. (hereinafter "the Non-party Company"), another affiliate of the same group, worked there until September 30, 1988, and retired; that starting from the following day, he rejoined the Defendant company, worked there, and finally retired on April 16, 1993; that the Hanjin Group, which has numerous affiliated companies including the Defendant company, the Non-party Company, and Hanjin Co., Ltd., decided around June 1986 to leave at the Defendant company only the minimum basic organization and personnel affiliated therewith, and to have the remaining organizational units and their affiliated personnel join eleven companies, including the shipping business division to be newly established within the Non-party Company (another affiliate within the same group), Hanjin Co., Ltd., and Dongyang Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.; that in accordance with the above decision, of the approximately 260 employees of the Defendant company, approximately 60 employees belonging to the Marine Affairs Department, Maintenance Department, Accounting Department, Materials Department, and general administrative departments remained with the Defendant company as they were, while among the remaining employees, 140 were transferred to the Non-party Company, approximately 30 to Hanjin Co., Ltd., and approximately 10 each to Dongyang Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., Korea Airport Co., Ltd., and Hanil Securities Co., Ltd., respectively; that the 140 employees, including the Plaintiff, who were transferred to the Non-party Company, went through the formal procedure of submitting letters of resignation to the Defendant company and joining the Non-party Company, but did not undergo any substantive procedure such as taking an entrance examination, and that these employees performed the same duties at the Non-party Company as they had performed at the Defendant company; that around September 1988, the Hanjin Group again decided to transfer the employees who had been transferred to the Non-party Company, etc., back to the Defendant company, and in accordance with this decision, most of the employees who had been transferred to the Non-party Company went through the formal procedure of submitting letters of resignation to the Non-party Company and joining the Defendant company, but did not undergo any substantive procedure such as taking an entrance examination, and these employees came to perform the same duties as before in their former departments at the Defendant company; and that the employees, including the Plaintiff, who were transferred back to the Defendant company, had their job rank, pay grade, and promotion recognized based on the time they had first joined the Defendant company, and had been receiving continuous service allowances calculated from that time. Based on these findings, the lower court determined that, although the Non-party Company and the Defendant company are separate companies with distinct legal personalities, both are affiliated companies belonging to the Hanjin Group; that the employees were not given a free opportunity to choose between continuing to work at the former company or being transferred, but were uniformly transferred according to their work departments pursuant to the management policy of the Hanjin Group, undergoing only the formal procedures of retirement from the former company and joining the new company; that throughout the period before and after the transfer, they performed the same duties, and their working conditions, including job rank, position, pay grade, and promotion, were handled based on the date of their initial employment; and that therefore, absent other special circumstances, the Plaintiff's periods of service at the Defendant company, the Non-party Company, and again at the Defendant company should be regarded as a single continuous period of employment in which continuity is maintained, such that it is appropriate for a single retirement allowance to be paid for the entire period; and that the mere fact that the Plaintiff received retirement allowances calculated solely based on his years of service at the Defendant company and the Non-party Company, respectively, at the time of each retirement, cannot be deemed to render the Plaintiff's claim in this case contrary to the principle of good faith.

3. However, according to the record, the Defendant argued, in addition to its assertion that the Plaintiff received the retirement allowances without any objection at the time of each retirement from the Defendant company and the Non-party Company, that at the time the Plaintiff retired from the Non-party Company and rejoined the Defendant company, the Plaintiff was given the choice of either receiving the retirement allowance calculated based solely on his years of service at the Non-party Company, or having that retirement allowance transferred to and accumulated with the Defendant company so as to receive aggregation of his periods of service; and that since the Plaintiff, of his own free will, chose to receive the retirement allowance, the continuity of his service should be deemed to have been severed. The testimony of Witness 1 and Witness 2, adopted by the lower court, is sufficient to establish the facts asserted by the Defendant as above.

If the facts are as stated above, then the Plaintiff's retirement from the Non-party Company was determined by the Plaintiff's own free will, and the employment relationship at the Non-party Company was concluded by the receipt of the aforementioned retirement allowance; absent other special circumstances, it is difficult to view that it was succeeded to and continued by the Defendant company. Moreover, in this case, where it is not recognized that there was a comprehensive succession of rights and obligations, including the employment relationship, between the Non-party Company and the Defendant company through a transfer of business, merger, division of enterprise, or the like, the mere fact that the Defendant company and the Non-party Company belong to the same corporate group, and that the Defendant company, in accordance with the personnel policy of the Hanjin Group, took into account the Plaintiff's work experience at the Non-party Company and recognized his job rank, pay grade, and period of service based on the time of his initial joining of the Defendant company, cannot be said to have any bearing on the severance of the employment relationship (see the above Decision 95Da42270, and this Court's Decision 91Da31753, rendered on November 24, 1992).

Nevertheless, the lower court, without conducting any examination or making any determination as to the Defendant's above assertion, determined that the Plaintiff's service at the Defendant company and the Non-party Company constituted a single continuous period of employment in which the continuity of the employment relationship was maintained, and that it was therefore appropriate for a single retirement allowance to be paid for the entire period. In so doing, the lower court committed an error of law that misapprehended the legal principles concerning the calculation of years of service or continuous employment, thereby affecting the outcome of the judgment; and the point of the argument raising this issue is well-founded.

4. Therefore, the part of the lower court judgment against the Defendant is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the lower court for further examination and determination, in accordance with the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices, as set forth in the Order.

Justice Cheon Gyeong-song (Presiding Justice), Justice Ahn Yong-deuk, Justice Ji Chang-gwon (Justice in Charge), Justice Shin Seong-taek

【판결요지】

[1] 근로자를 그가 고용된 기업으로부터 별개의 기업체인 다른 기업으로 적(籍)을 옮겨 그 다른 기업의 업무에 종사하게 하는 전적(轉籍)은 원칙적으로 근로자의 동의를 얻어야 효력이 생기는 것이고, 다만 다양한 업종과 업태를 가진 계열기업들이 자본·임원의 구성·영업활동 등에 있어서 어느 정도 밀접한 관련성을 갖고 경제활동을 전개하는 기업그룹 내의 계열기업 사이의 전적에 있어서는 미리 전적할 계열기업을 특정하고 그 기업에서 종사하여야 할 업무에 관한 사항 등의 기본적인 근로조건을 명시하여 사전 동의를 얻은 경우나 기업그룹 내에서 근로자의 동의를 얻지 아니하고 다른 계열기업으로 근로자를 전적시키는 관행이 있어서 그와 같은 관행이 기업 내에서 일반적으로 근로관계를 규율하는 규범적 사실로 명확하게 승인되거나 기업의 구성원이 일반적으로 아무런 이의를 제기하지 아니한 채 당연한 것으로 받아들여 기업 내에서 사실상의 제도로 확립되어 있어 근로계약의 내용을 이루는 것으로 인정되는 경우처럼 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에 한하여 근로자의 구체적인 동의를 얻지 아니하더라도 근로자를 다른 계열기업으로 유효하게 전적시킬 수 있다.

[2] 전적은 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 합의해지하고 이적하게 될 기업과 사이에 새로운 근로계약을 체결하는 것이므로, 유효한 전적이 이루어진 경우에 있어서는 당사자 사이에 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 승계하기로 하는 특약이 있거나 이적하게 될 기업의 취업규칙 등에 종전 기업에서의 근속기간을 통산하도록 하는 규정이 있는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 당해 근로자의 종전 기업과의 근로관계는 단절되는 것이고 이적하게 될 기업이 당해 근로자의 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 승계하는 것은 아니다.

[3] 그룹 내 다른 계열사로의 전적을 명하면서 종전 기업에서의 근속연수만을 기초로 하여 산정한 퇴직금을 수령할 것인지 또는 그 퇴직금을 이적하게 될 기업으로 이체, 적립하여 근속기간의 통산을 받을 것인지를 근로자에게 선택하도록 하였는데 근로자가 자의에 의하여 퇴직금을 수령하는 쪽을 선택한 경우, 근로자의 종전 기업에서의 퇴직은 근로자의 자유로운 의사에 의하여 결정된 것으로서 그 종전 기업에서의 근로관계는 퇴직금 수령으로 종결되고 달리 특별한 사정이 없는 한 전적 후 기업으로 승계되어 계속된다고 보기 어렵다는 이유로, 종전 기업과의 근로관계 단절을 인정한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제27조 제1항, 민법 제657조 제1항

[2] 근로기준법 제27조 제1항, 제28조

[3] 근로기준법 제27조 제1항, 제28조

【참조판례】

[1][2] 대법원 1996. 5. 10. 선고 95다42270 판결(공1996하, 1807) /[1] 대법원 1993. 1. 26. 선고 92다11695 판결(공1993상, 854) /[2] 대법원 1993. 6. 11. 선고 92다19316 판결(공1993하, 2008), 대법원 1995. 7. 14. 선고 94다20198 판결(공1995하, 2775)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,105자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,피상고인】 원고

【피고,상고인】 주식회사 한진해운 (소송대리인 변호사 김학세 외 1인)

【원심판결】 서울지법 1995. 5. 25. 선고 94나36345 판결

【주문】

원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고 이 부분 사건을 서울지방법원 합의부에 환송한다.

【이유】피고 소송대리인의 상고이유(기간경과 후에 제출된 변호사 유경희, 김학세의 상고이유보충서의 기재는 이를 보충하는 범위 내에서)를 함께 본다.

1. 근로자를 그가 고용된 기업으로부터 별개의 기업체인 다른 기업으로 적(籍)을 옮겨 그 다른 기업의 업무에 종사하게 하는 전적(轉籍)은 원칙적으로 근로자의 동의를 얻어야 효력이 생기는 것이고, 다만 다양한 업종과 업태를 가진 계열기업들이 자본·임원의 구성·영업활동 등에 있어서 어느 정도 밀접한 관련성을 갖고 경제활동을 전개하는 기업그룹 내의 계열기업 사이의 전적에 있어서는 미리 전적할 계열기업을 특정하고, 그 기업에서 종사하여야 할 업무에 관한 사항 등의 기본적인 근로조건을 명시하여 사전동의를 얻은 경우나 기업그룹 내에서 근로자의 동의를 얻지 아니하고 다른 계열기업으로 근로자를 전적시키는 관행이 있어서 그와 같은 관행이 기업 내에서 일반적으로 근로관계를 규율하는 규범적 사실로 명확하게 승인되거나 기업의 구성원이 일반적으로 아무런 이의를 제기하지 아니한 채 당연한 것으로 받아들여 기업 내에서 사실상의 제도로 확립되어 있어 근로계약의 내용을 이루는 것으로 인정되는 경우처럼 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에 한하여 근로자의 구체적인 동의를 얻지 아니하더라도 근로자를 다른 계열기업으로 유효하게 전적시킬 수 있다 할 것이다( 당원 1996. 5. 10. 선고 95다42270 판결, 1993. 1. 26. 선고 92다11695 판결 등 참조).

그리고 이와 같은 전적은 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 합의해지하고, 이적하게 될 기업과 사이에 새로운 근로계약을 체결하는 것이므로 유효한 전적이 이루어진 경우에 있어서는 당사자 사이에 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 승계하기로 하는 특약이 있거나 이적하게 될 기업의 취업규칙 등에 종전 기업에서의 근속기간을 통산하도록 하는 규정이 있는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 당해 근로자의 종전 기업과의 근로관계는 단절되는 것이고, 이적하게 될 기업이 당해 근로자의 종전 기업과의 근로관계를 승계하는 것은 아니라 할 것이다( 위 95다42270 판결 및 당원 1993. 6. 11. 선고 92다19316 판결, 1995. 7. 14. 선고 94다20198 판결 등 참조).

2. 원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은, 원고가 1980. 12. 15. 한진그룹 계열사인 피고 회사에 입사하여 근무하다가 1986. 11. 30. 퇴직하였고, 그 다음날 같은 그룹 계열사인 소외 주식회사 대한항공(이하 소외 회사라고 한다)에 입사하여 1988. 9. 30.까지 근무하다가 퇴직하였으며, 그 다음날부터 다시 피고 회사에 재입사하여 근무하다가 1993. 4. 16. 최종적으로 퇴직한 사실, 피고 회사, 소외 회사 및 소외 주식회사 한진 등 여러 개의 계열회사를 가지고 있는 한진그룹은 1986. 6.경 피고 회사에 최소한의 기본적인 조직과 그에 소속된 인원만을 남겨두고 나머지 기구와 그에 소속된 인원은 같은 그룹 내의 계열회사인 소외 회사에 신설되는 해운사업부 또는 소외 주식회사 한진, 동양화재해상보험 주식회사 등 11개 기업에 입사시키기로 결정을 하였고, 위 결정에 따라 피고 회사의 직원 260여 명 중 해무부, 정비부, 경리부, 자재부와 일반관리부서에 소속된 직원들인 60여 명은 피고 회사에 그대로 남아 있고, 나머지 직원 중 140명은 소외 회사로, 30여 명은 소외 주식회사 한진으로, 10여 명씩은 동양화재해상보험 주식회사, 한국공항 주식회사 및 한일증권 주식회사 등으로 각 전출된 사실, 소외 회사로 전출된 원고를 포함한 140명의 직원들은 피고 회사에 사직원을 제출하고 소외 회사에 입사하는 형식적인 절차를 취하였으나 달리 입사시험을 치르는 등의 실질적인 절차는 거치지 아니하였으며, 위 직원들은 소외 회사에서도 피고 회사에서의 업무와 동일한 업무를 수행한 사실, 한진그룹은 1988. 9.경 다시 소외 회사 등으로 전출된 직원들을 피고 회사로 전출시키기로 결정하였고, 위 결정에 따라 소외 회사로 전출되었던 직원의 대부분은 소외 회사에 사직원을 제출하고 피고 회사에 입사하는 형식적인 절차를 취하였으나 달리 입사시험을 치르는 등의 실질적인 절차는 거치지 아니하였으며, 위 직원들은 종전의 피고 회사의 근무부서에서 종전과 같은 업무를 수행하게 된 사실, 원고 등 피고 회사로 다시 전출된 직원들은 피고 회사에 처음으로 입사할 당시를 기준으로 직급, 호봉 및 승급을 인정받고 그 때부터 기산된 근속수당을 지급받고 있는 사실을 각 인정한 다음, 위 인정 사실에 의하면 소외 회사와 피고 회사는 비록 그 법인격이 다른 별개의 회사이기는 하나 모두 한진그룹 소속의 계열기업이고, 그 직원들에게 종전 회사에서의 계속 근무와 전출 중 어느 것을 택할 것인지 여부에 대한 자유로운 선택의 기회가 주어지지 아니한 채 한진그룹의 경영방침에 의하여 근무부서에 따라 일률적으로 전출되면서 형식상으로만 종전 회사에서의 퇴직과 새로운 회사에서의 입사라는 절차를 취하였을 뿐 그 전후를 통하여 동일한 업무를 담당하고, 직급, 직책, 호봉 및 승급 등의 근로조건에 관하여도 최초의 입사일을 기준으로 하여 처리하여 왔으므로 달리 특별한 사정이 없는 한 원고의 피고 회사, 소외 회사 및 다시 피고 회사에서의 근무는 그 계속성이 유지되는 단일기간의 근로라고 보아 전체적으로 1개의 퇴직금이 지급됨이 상당하고, 원고가 피고 회사 및 소외 회사에서 각 퇴직할 당시 피고 회사 및 소외 회사에서의 근속연수만을 기초로 하여 산정한 퇴직금을 각 수령하였다는 사정만으로는 원고의 이 사건 청구가 신의칙에 반한다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다.

3. 그런데 기록에 의하면, 피고는 원고가 피고 회사와 소외 회사에서 각 퇴직할 당시 아무런 이의 없이 퇴직금을 수령하였다는 주장 외에 소외 회사를 퇴직하고 피고 회사로 재입사할 당시에는 소외 회사에서의 근속연수만을 기초로 하여 산정한 퇴직금을 수령할 것인지 또는 그 퇴직금을 피고 회사로 이체, 적립하여 근속기간의 통산을 받을 것인지를 원고에게 선택하도록 하였는데 원고가 자의에 의하여 퇴직금을 수령하는 쪽을 선택하였으므로 그 근무의 계속성은 단절된 것으로 보아야 한다고 주장하였고, 원심이 채용한 증인 1과 증인 2의 각 증언에 의하면 피고의 위 주장사실을 인정하기에 부족함이 없다.

사실관계가 위와 같다면, 원고의 소외 회사에서의 퇴직은 원고의 자유로운 의사에 의하여 결정된 것으로서 소외 회사에서의 근로관계는 위 퇴직금 수령으로 종결되고 달리 특별한 사정이 없는 한 피고 회사로 승계되어 계속된다고 보기는 어렵다 할 것이다. 그리고, 소외 회사와 피고 회사간에 영업양도나 기업의 합병·분할 등 근로관계를 포함한 권리의무관계의 포괄적인 승계가 있었음이 인정되지 아니하는 이 사건에서 단지 피고 회사와 소외 회사가 같은 기업 그룹에 속하는 회사이고, 피고 회사가 한진그룹의 인사방침에 따라 원고의 소외 회사에서의 근무경력을 감안하여 직급, 호봉 및 근속기간을 피고 회사에 최초로 입사한 때를 기준으로 인정하였다는 사정만으로 근로관계의 단절에 무슨 영향이 있다고 할 수 없다( 위 95다42270 판결 및 당원 1992. 11. 24. 선고 91다31753 판결 참조).

그럼에도 불구하고, 원심은 피고의 위와 같은 주장에 대하여는 아무런 심리·판단을 하지 아니한 채 원고의 피고 회사와 소외 회사에서의 근무는 근로관계의 계속성이 유지되는 단일기간의 근무라고 보아 전체적으로 1개의 퇴직금을 지급하는 것이 상당하다고 판단하였으니 원심은 근속연수산정 내지 계속근로의 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법을 범하였다고 아니할 수 없고, 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유 있다.

4. 그러므로 원심판결 중 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 천경송(재판장) 안용득 지창권(주심) 신성택

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