Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 92다20309

Severance Pay (퇴직금)퇴직금

Decided1994. 04. 12. Court대법원Case remanded (파기환송) — Worker's position upheld; employer's unilateral rule change invalidated
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The Agricultural and Fishery Development Corporation revised its compensation regulations to lower the severance pay rate, relying solely on a board resolution and the consent of an employee representative, on the grounds that no labor union existed. The Supreme Court held that such an unfavorable modification of the employment rules (취업규칙) is invalid without the collective consent of the workers, and ruled that the employees' long-term silence or failure to raise objections could not be construed as implied consent.

Key takeaways
  • CaseThe Agricultural and Fishery Development Corporation changed its compensation rules to lower the severance pay rate, using only a board resolution and an employee representative's consent, claiming no labor union existed.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that an unfavorable change to employment rules without the collective consent of employees is invalid, and that long-term silence without objection does not constitute implied consent.
  • LessonWhen modifying employment rules unfavorably for employees, employers must obtain either the consent of a labor union representing a majority of workers or majority approval through a formal employee meeting process.
Issues
  • What method of employee consent is required for an unfavorable modification of employment rules (취업규칙)
  • What conditions must be met to establish implied consent or ratification by employees
  • The scope of recognizing 'social reasonableness' as justification for rule changes
  • Whether reduced severance pay can be lawfully implemented
  • Whether the period of suspension from duty should be included when calculating average wages
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, an unfavorable modification of employment rules (취업규칙) requires either the consent of a labor union representing a majority of the employees, or the consent of a majority of the employees obtained through a collective meeting process. A board resolution combined with the agreement of a few managerial staff members cannot substitute for this required collective consent procedure. Furthermore, the mere fact that employees did not formally object to the change over an extended period does not amount to implied consent (묵시적 동의) or ratification, since silence alone does not demonstrate a clear intent to accept the disadvantageous change. Therefore, the revised compensation regulation lowering the severance pay rate was deemed invalid due to the lack of proper collective consent.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] A case reversing the judgment below, which held that where a labor union had not been established and the workplaces were scattered across 17 locations nationwide with approximately 2,200 employees, the employer's obtaining a resolution of the board of directors and the consent of employee representatives, in lieu of consent obtained through a collective decision-making method, when unfavorably amending the remuneration regulations, was deemed to constitute the employees' consent to the unfavorable amendment of the rules of employment (취업규칙).

[2] A case holding that the mere fact that employees raised no objection to the amendment of the remuneration regulations, or that the labor union raised no objection while concluding collective agreements on three occasions after the amendment of the remuneration regulations, is insufficient to conclude that there was implied consent or ratification by the employees regarding the amendment of the remuneration regulations.

[3] Even if the amendment of the remuneration regulations was made in accordance with the government's coordination policy aimed at resolving the management difficulties of government-invested institutions caused by excessively high salary levels of executives and employees belonging to investment institutions under the government at the time, and at promoting equity with general public officials, this alone cannot be regarded as constituting social reasonableness (사회통념상의 합리성) sufficient to dispense with the need to obtain the consent of the employee group.

[4] Where the remuneration regulations provide that retirement benefits shall be reduced in cases of automatic dismissal due to a sentence of imprisonment or more, or dismissal by disciplinary action, then as long as an employee has been sentenced to imprisonment or more, the retirement allowance may be reduced and paid regardless of the reasons for such sentence, provided that such reduction does not violate Article 28 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and other relevant statutes.

[5] The period during which an employee was relieved of position due to detention and indictment for a personal crime does not fall under any of the periods set forth in Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법시행령), and therefore the number of days in that period and the wages paid during that period may not be excluded from the basis for calculating average wages under the main text of Article 19(1) of the Labor Standards Act. If including such period and wages results in a lowered amount of average wages such that the average wages fall below ordinary wages, then pursuant to Article 19(2) of the same Act, the retirement allowance must be calculated using the ordinary wages as the average wages.

Full text (English, AI translation) 13,305 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant and Appellee]

[Defendant, Appellee and Appellant] Rural Development Corporation (농어촌진흥공사), Attorney Kim Dong-hwan, Litigation Representative

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court, Judgment of April 10, 1992, Case No. 91Na33621

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

1. As to the grounds of appeal by the Plaintiff's litigation representative.

A. As to the first ground of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found that the amendments to the Defendant Corporation's Compensation Regulations (보수규정) dated January 1, 1981 and December 1, 1986 clearly disadvantaged the workers, in that they lowered the retirement allowance payment rate and restricted the scope of wages to be included in the calculation of average wage, which forms the basis for calculating retirement allowances. Nevertheless, the court below reasoned that, because no labor union existed at the Defendant Corporation at the time, the Defendant Corporation's workplaces were scattered across 17 locations nationwide, and the number of workers was as many as approximately 2,200, it was practically impossible to ascertain the will of all workers through a collective decision-making method. On this basis, the court below held that if the Defendant Corporation had obtained a resolution of its board of directors and the consent of workers' representatives in amending the above Compensation Regulations, the Defendant Corporation could be deemed to have taken reasonable measures, thereby concluding, in effect, that the amendments to the above Compensation Regulations by the Defendant Corporation should be regarded as having obtained the workers' consent required for a disadvantageous change to the rules of employment.

However, although the authority to draft and amend the rules of employment lies in principle with the employer, such that the employer may draft and amend the rules of employment according to its own will, when such amendment disadvantageously changes working conditions, the consent of the workers who were subject to the previous working conditions or rules of employment, obtained through a collective decision-making method, is required. An amendment to the rules of employment made without obtaining such consent has no effect. As for the method of obtaining such consent, where there exists a labor union organized by a majority of the workers, the consent of that labor union suffices; where no such labor union exists, the consent of a majority of the workers must be obtained through a meeting-type method. It is the settled view of this Court (see Supreme Court Decision 91Da25055, delivered February 25, 1992; Supreme Court Decision 91Da45165, delivered December 22, 1992) that consent by a meeting-type method also permits a method whereby opinions are exchanged among workers by department or unit within a single enterprise or single workplace, free from any intervention or interference by the employer side, the pros and cons are consolidated, and these are then aggregated as a whole.

In light of the facts found above, even granting that it may have been difficult for the Defendant Corporation to obtain the workers' consent to the amendments to the above Compensation Regulations, there is no circumstance suggesting that it was impossible even to expect that meetings be held or procedures be followed by workplace or by department to confirm the workers' will. Furthermore, a resolution of the board of directors or the written consent of department heads and office chiefs, who are managerial staff of the Defendant Corporation, cannot substitute for consent obtained through the workers' collective decision-making method. Therefore, the court below's determination that the workers' consent had been obtained constitutes an error of law in misapprehending the legal principles concerning the collective consent of workers required for a disadvantageous change to the rules of employment. The argument pointing this out has merit.

B. As to the second ground of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below held that, since nearly ten years had elapsed since the amended Compensation Regulations took effect on January 1, 1981 without any express objection being raised by the workers, and moreover, even after the Defendant Corporation's labor union was established and concluded collective agreements on three occasions, no objection was raised regarding the amendment, it was reasonable to find that there had been implied consent or ratification by the workers with respect to the amendment of the above Compensation Regulations.

However, in order to find that there had been ratification by the workers or the labor union of the Defendant Corporation, it must be shown that the workers or the labor union knew that the amendments to the above Compensation Regulations were invalid. The mere facts that the workers did not raise objections to the amendments to the above Compensation Regulations, or that the labor union raised no objection while concluding collective agreements on three occasions after the amendments to the Compensation Regulations, are not sufficient to conclusively find that there had been implied consent or ratification by the workers regarding the amendment of the Compensation Regulations. Accordingly, without examining whether there was any discussion among the workers concerning the validity of the amendment to the Compensation Regulations after the amendment, or whether there was any discussion concerning the validity of the amendment to the Compensation Regulations at the time the three collective agreements were concluded, the court below's recognition of consent or ratification based solely on the aforementioned facts constitutes an error of law in failing to conduct the necessary examination or in misapprehending the legal principles concerning ratification, which affected the judgment. This argument, too, has merit.

C. As to the third ground of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below determined that, because the retirement allowance payment rate was significantly higher than that of ordinary public officials, and because there was a need to unify the progressive retirement allowance system, which was implemented differently among government-invested institutions, and to rationalize the management of government-invested institutions, the amendment of the Compensation Regulations concerning retirement allowances—whereby the retirement allowance payment rate for the period prior to the amendment remained governed by the previous regulations while the progressive retirement allowance rate was adjusted downward only prospectively—was reasonable in light of common social norms (사회통념).

However, it is the view of this Court (see Supreme Court Decision 89Daka24780, delivered March 13, 1990; Supreme Court Decision 92Da49324, delivered January 26, 1993) that even if the amendments to the above Compensation Regulations were made pursuant to the government's coordination policy aimed at resolving the management difficulties of government-invested institutions caused by excessively high salary levels among executives and employees of institutions under the government at the time, and at achieving parity with ordinary public officials, this alone does not establish that there existed reasonableness under common social norms sufficient to dispense with the need for the workers' collective consent. Accordingly, the determination of the court below contains an error of law in misapprehending the legal principles concerning reasonableness that may substitute for the workers' consent in the case of a disadvantageous change to the rules of employment, and this error affected the judgment. This argument, too, has merit.

2. As to the grounds of appeal by the Defendant's litigation representative.

A. As to the first ground of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below held that even where the rules of employment provide that, in certain cases, retirement allowances shall not be paid or shall be paid at a reduced amount, withholding the retirement allowance entirely is not permissible unless the worker has committed an act of betrayal against the employer serious enough to disregard the worker's meritorious service accumulated over a long period of continuous employment. On this basis, the court below determined that the Plaintiff's having been sentenced to imprisonment or a heavier punishment for violation of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes (특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률) (hit-and-run) and violation of the Road Traffic Act (도로교통법) did not constitute such an act of betrayal, and therefore Article 21, Paragraph 1 of the Defendant Corporation's Compensation Regulations, which provides for a reduction of the retirement benefit amount where a worker has been sentenced to imprisonment or a heavier punishment, could not be applied to the Plaintiff.

However, the above Compensation Regulations of the Defendant Corporation, which were lawfully enacted and are being implemented, provide for a reduction of the retirement benefit amount in cases of automatic dismissal due to a sentence of imprisonment or a heavier punishment, or dismissal by disciplinary action. Examining the wording of the provision and related provisions, there is no basis for construing this provision restrictively as the court below did. Therefore, so long as the Plaintiff was sentenced to imprisonment or a heavier punishment, the Defendant Corporation may pay a reduced retirement allowance, regardless of the reason for which such punishment was imposed, to the extent that doing so does not violate Article 28 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and other relevant statutes. Accordingly, the determination of the court below, which differs from the foregoing, contains an error of law in misconstruing Article 21, Paragraph 1 of the Compensation Regulations, which affected the judgment, and the argument pointing this out has merit.

B. As to the second ground of appeal

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below premised its reasoning on the ground that Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법시행령), which provides that the number of days of a leave period taken for medical treatment of an injury or illness arising from the performance of duties, a period of suspension of work attributable to the employer, and a period of probationary training, together with the wages paid during such periods, shall be excluded from the calculation of average wage, is designed to prevent the average wage system—whose purpose is to calculate the average of actual wages paid on the premise of the normal provision of labor—from being undermined, and to prevent the average wage from being unduly lowered. The court below then reasoned that the case of a worker such as the Plaintiff, who was subject to suspension from duty (직위해제) and thus failed to provide normal labor, is analogous to the foregoing, and that Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act should therefore be applied by analogy, such that the wages paid during that period, together with the number of days thereof, should likewise be excluded from the calculation of average wage. Accordingly, the court below calculated the average wage for the purpose of calculating the retirement allowance of the Plaintiff, who retired while under suspension from duty, based on the wages of the three months preceding the suspension from duty, rather than the three months preceding retirement.

However, a period during which a worker, such as the Plaintiff, was suspended from duty due to having been indicted and detained for a personal crime does not fall under any of the periods prescribed in Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree, and therefore the number of days of that period and the amount of wages paid during that period may not be excluded from the basis for calculating average wage under the main text of Article 19, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act. If including that period and those wages results in a lowered average wage such that the average wage falls below the ordinary wage, then, pursuant to Article 19, Paragraph 2 of the Labor Standards Act, the ordinary wage should have been used as the average wage for calculating the retirement allowance.

The judgment below, which instead calculated the average wage by excluding the number of days of the suspension-from-duty period and the wages paid during that period from the basis for calculating average wage, contains an error of law in misapprehending the legal principles concerning Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Labor Standards Act, which affected the judgment. The argument pointing this out has merit.

3. Therefore, the appeals of both the Plaintiff and the Defendant are accepted, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Ahn Woo-man (Presiding Justice), Kim Yong-jun, Cheon Gyeong-song (Justice in Charge), Ahn Yong-deuk

【판결요지】

가. 노동조합이 설립되어 있지 않고 사업장이 전국에 17개나 산재하여 있으며 근로자의 수도 약 2,200명이나 되었기 때문에 보수규정을 불이익하게 변경하면서 집단적 의사결정방법에 의한 동의 대신에 이사회의 결의와 근로자 대표의 동의를 얻은 경우 취업규칙의 불이익변경에 대한 근로자측의 동의를 얻은 것으로 본 원심판결을 파기한 사례.

나. 근로자들이 보수규정의 개정에 대하여 이의를 하지 않았다던가 보수규정의 개정 이후 3회에 걸쳐 단체협약을 체결하면서 노동조합이 아무런 이의를 제기하지 않았다는 것만으로는 보수규정 개정에 관하여 근로자들의 묵시적 동의 내지 추인이 있었다고 단정할 수 없다고 한 사례.

다. 보수규정의 개정이 당시 정부 산하의 투자기관 소속 임직원들의 급여 수준이 너무 높은 탓으로 인한 정부투자기관의 경영상의 어려움을 해소하고 일반 공무원과의 형평을 도모하려는 정부의 조정방침에 따라 이루어졌다 하더라도 그것만으로는 근로자집단의 동의를 받지 않아도 될만한 사회통념상의 합리성이 있다고 볼 수 없다.

라. 보수규정에 금고 이상의 형을 받아 당연면직되거나 징계에 의하여 파면되는 경우 퇴직급여액을 감액한다고 규정되어 있다면 근로자가 금고 이상의 형을 선고받은 이상 그 형을 받게 된 사유가 어떠한 것이었는지에 관계없이 그 퇴직금을 근로기준법 제28조 등 관계법규에 위반되지 않는 범위에서 감액 지급할 수 있다.

마. 개인적인 범죄로 구속기소되어 직위해제되었던 기간은 근로기준법시행령 제2조 소정의 어느 기간에도 해당하지 않으므로 그 기간의 일수와 그 기간 중에 지급받은 임금액은 근로기준법 제19조 제1항 본문에 따른 평균임금 산정기초에서 제외될 수 없고, 만일 그 기간과 임금을 포함시킴으로 인하여 평균임금 액수가 낮아져 평균임금이 통상임금을 하회하게 되는 경우에는 같은 법 제19조 제2항에 따라 통상임금을 평균임금으로 하여 퇴직금을 계산하여야 한다.

【참조조문】

가.나.다. 구 근로기준법(1989.3.29. 법률 제4099호로 개정된 전의 것) 제95조 제1항 / 라. 근로기준법 제28조/ 마. 같은 법 제19조 , 같은법시행령 제2조

【참조판례】

가.나. 대법원 1993.8.24. 선고 93다17898 판결(공1993하,2606) / 가. 대법원 1992.2.25. 선고 91다25055 판결(공1992,1125), 1993.1.15. 선고 92다39778 판결(공1993상,710) / 나.다. 대법원 1992.11.27. 선고 92다32357 판결(공1993상,259) / 다. 대법원 1993.1.26. 선고 92다49324 판결(공1993상,863), 1993.9.14. 선고 92다45490 판결(공1993하,2752)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,693자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인 겸 피상고인】

【피고, 피상고인 겸 상고인】 농어촌진흥공사 소송대리인 변호사 김동환

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1992.4.10. 선고 91나33621 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 1. 원고 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

가. 상고이유 제1점에 관하여

원판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 피고 공사의 1981. 1. 1.자 및 1986. 12. 1.자 각 보수규정의 개정은 퇴직금 지급률을 낮추고, 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금의 계산에 산입되어야 할 급여의 범위를 제한하는 것으로서 근로자들에게 불이익한 것임이 명백하다고 하면서도 당시 피고 공사에는 노동조합이 설립되어 있지 않았고, 사업장이 전국에 걸쳐 17개나 산재되어 있었으며 근로자의 수도 약 2,200명이나 되었기 때문에 전체근로자의 의사를 집단적 의사결정방식에 의하여 묻는 것이 사실상 불가능하였다는 이유로 피고 공사가 위 보수규정의 개정에 이사회의 결의와 근로자 대표의 동의를 얻었다면 피고 공사로서는 상당한 조치를 취하였다고 할 것이라고 함으로써 피고 공사의 위 각 보수규정의 개정이 취업규칙의 불이익변경에 필요한 근로자의 동의를 얻은 것으로 보아야 한다는 취지로 판단하고 있다.

그러나 취업규칙의 작성, 변경에 관한 권한이 원칙적으로 사용자에게 있으므로 사용자는 그 의사에 따라 취업규칙을 작성, 변경할 수 있지만 그것이 근로조건을 근로자에게 불이익하게 변경하는 것일 때에는 종전 근로조건 또는 취업규칙의 적용을 받고 있던 근로자의 집단적 의사결정방법에 의한 동의를 요하고, 이러한 동의를 얻지 못한 취업규칙의 변경은 효력이 없으며, 그 동의의 방법은 근로자 과반수로 조직된 노동조합이 있는 경우에는 그 노동조합의 동의를 얻으면 되고, 그러한 노동조합이 없는 경우에는 근로자들의 회의방식에 의한 과반수의 동의를 얻어야 하는 것인데, 이때 회의방식에 의한 동의라 함은 한 사업 또는 한 사업장의 기구별 또는 단위 부서별로 사용자측의 개입이나 간섭이 배제된 상태에서 근로자간에 의견을 교환하여 찬반의견을 집약한 후 이를 전체적으로 취합하는 방식도 허용된다는 것이 당원의 확립된 견해( 당원 1992.2.25. 선고 91다25055 판결; 1992.12.22. 선고 91다45165 판결 참조)인바, 위에서 인정한 사실에 의하건대 피고 공사의 경우도 위 각 보수규정의 개정에 대하여 근로자들의 동의를 얻는 것이 어렵다고 할 수 있을지는 몰라도 그들의 의사확인을 위한 사업장별 또는 부서별 회의개최나 절차를 거치는 것 자체를 기대할 수 없는 상황이었다고 볼만한 사정은 없고, 더구나 이사회 결의나 피고 공사 간부직원들인 부장 및 실장들의 서면동의가 위 근로자들의 집단적 의사결정방법에 의한 동의를 대신할 수 없다 할 것임에도 원심이 근로자측의 동의를 얻은 것으로 본 것은 취업규칙의 불이익변경에 있어서 근로자 집단의 동의에 대한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다 할 것이다. 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유 있다.

나. 상고이유 제2점에 관하여.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 개정된 보수규정이 시행된 1981.1.1.부터 10년 가까운 장기간이 경과될 때까지 근로자들로부터 아무런 명시적인 반대의사의 표명이 없었고, 더구나 피고 공사노동조합이 설립되어 3회에 걸쳐 단체협약을 체결하면서도 이에 대한 이의 제기가 없었던 이상 위 보수규정의 변경에 관하여는 근로자들의 묵시적 동의 내지 추인이 있었다고 봄이 상당하다고 판시하였다.

그러나 피고 공사 근로자들이나 노동조합의 추인이 있었다고 하려면 근로자들이나 노동조합이 위 각 보수규정의 개정이 무효라는 사실을 알고 있었어야 할 것이고, 근로자들이 위 각 보수규정의 개정에 대하여 이의를 하지 않았다던가 각 보수규정의 개정 이후 3회에 걸쳐 단체협약을 체결하면서 위 노동조합이 아무런 이의를 제기하지 않았다는 것만으로는 위 보수규정 개정에 관하여 근로자들의 묵시적 동의 내지 추인이 있었다고 단정할 수 없으므로 원심이 위 보수규정 개정 이후 근로자들 사이에 위 보수규정 개정의 효력에 관한 논의가 있었는지 여부, 3차례에 걸친 단체협약 체결 당시 위 보수규정 개정의 효력에 관한 논의가 있었는지 여부 등에 관하여 심리를 하지 아니한 채 앞에서 든 사실만으로 동의 내지 추인을 인정한 것은 필요한 심리를 다하지 아니하였거나 추인에 대한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다 할 것이다. 논지도 이유 있다.

다. 상고이유 제3점에 관하여.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 일반 공무원에 비하여 지급율이 현저히 높고, 각 정부투자기관마다 상이하게 시행되고 있는 퇴직금 누진제도를 통일하고, 정부투자기관의 경영합리화를 이루려는 필요에서 변경 전의 기간에 대한 퇴직금 지급율은 종전의 규정에 의하도록 둔 채 장래에 향하여만 퇴직금 누진율을 하향조정하는 내용으로 퇴직금에 관한 보수규정을 개정한 것이 사회통념상 합리성이 있다고 판단하였으나, 위 각 보수규정의 개정이 당시 정부 산하의 투자기관 소속 임직원들의 급여 수준이 너무 높은 탓으로 인한 정부투자기관의 경영상의 어려움을 해소하고 일반 공무원과의 형평을 도모하려는 정부의 조정방침에 따라 이루어졌다 하더라도 그것만으로는 근로자집단의 동의를 받지 않아도 될만한 사회통념상의 합리성이 있다고 볼 수 없다는 것이 당원의 견해( 당원 1990.3.13. 선고 89다카24780 결정; 1993.1.26. 선고 92다49324 판결 참조)이므로 원심의 판단에는 취업규칙의 불이익한 변경에 있어서 근로자측의 동의를 대신할 만한 합리성에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다 할 것이다. 논지 역시 이유 있다.

2. 피고 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

가. 상고이유 제1점에 관하여

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 취업규칙에 일정한 경우에는 퇴직금을 지급하지 아니하거나 감액하여 지급한다는 규정이 있어도 근로자에게 장기간에 걸친 근속의 공로를 무시하여도 될 정도의 사용자측에 대한 배신행위가 없는 한 퇴직금을 지급하지 않는 것은 허용될 수 없다고 하면서 원고가 특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반(도주차량) 및 도로교통법위반으로 금고 이상의 형을 선고받은 것은 위와 같은 배신행위에 해당하지 않아 원고에 대하여는 금고 이상의 형을 받은 경우 퇴직급여액을 감액하도록 규정한 피고공사 보수규정 제21조 제1항을 적용할 수 없다고 판단하였다.

그러나 적법히 제정, 시행되고 있는 피고 공사의 위 보수규정에 금고 이상의 형을 받아 당연면직되거나 징계에 의하여 파면되는 경우 퇴직급여액을 감액한다고 규정되어 있고, 위 규정의 문언이나 관련규정을 살펴보아도 위 규정을 원심과 같이 제한적으로 해석하여야 할 아무런 근거도 없으므로 피고 공사는 원고가 금고 이상의 형을 선고받은 이상 그 형을 받게 된 사유가 어떠한 것이었는지에 관계없이 그 퇴직금을 근로기준법 제28조 등 관계 법규에 위반되지 않는 범위에서 감액 지급할 수 있다 할 것이다. 따라서 이와 다른 원심의 판단에는 보수규정 제21조 제1항의 해석을 그르쳐 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다 할 것이므로 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유 있다.

나. 상고이유 제2점에 관하여

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 근로기준법시행령 제2조가 업무수행으로 인한 부상 또는 질병의 요양을 위한 휴업기간, 사용자의 귀책사유로 인하여 휴업한 기간, 수습 중의 기간의 일수와 그 기간 중에 지불된 임금을 평균임금의 계산에서 공제한다고 규정한 것은 그렇게 하지 아니하면 정상적인 근로의 제공을 전제로 이에 대하여 지급된 실제임금의 평균치를 산정하는 평균임금제도의 취지에 맞지 아니하고 평균임금이 부당하게 낮아질 염려가 있기 때문이라고 전제한 뒤 원고와 같이 근로자가 직위해제를 당하여 정상적인 근로를 제공하지 못한 경우도 이와 동일하므로 위 근로기준법시행령 제2조가 유추적용되어 그 기간 중에 지불된 임금도 그 일수와 함께 평균임금의 계산에서 제외되어야 한다며 직위해제 중에 있다가 퇴직한 원고의 퇴직금 계산을 위한 평균임금을 퇴직 전 3개월이 아닌 직위해제 전 3개월간의 임금을 기초로 계산하였다.

그러나 원고의 경우와 같이 개인적인 범죄로 구속기소되어 직위해제되었던 기간은 위 시행령 제2조 소정의 어느 기간에도 해당하지 않으므로 그 기간의 일수와 그 기간 중에 지급받은 임금액은 근로기준법 제19조 제1항 본문에 따른 평균임금 산정기초에서 제외될 수 없고, 만일 그 기간과 임금을 포함시킴으로 인하여 평균임금액수가 낮아져 평균임금이 통상임금을 하회하게 되는 경우에는 근로기준법 제19조 제2항에 따라 통상임금을 평균임금으로 하여 퇴직금을 계산하였어야 할 것이다. 이와 달리 직위해제기간의 일수와 그 기간 중의 임금을 평균임금 산정기초에서 제외하고 평균임금을 산정한 원심판결에는 근로기준법시행령 제2조의 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다 할 것이므로 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유 있다.

3. 그러므로 원고와 피고의 상고를 모두 받아들여 원심판결을 파기하고 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 안우만(재판장) 김용준 천경송(주심) 안용득

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