Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 87다카1187

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal해고무효확인

Decided1987. 09. 22. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This precedent addresses a case where a company improperly rejected a worker's timely request for reconsideration (재심청구) of a disciplinary dismissal, then conducted the reconsideration hearing 1 year and 7 months later. The Supreme Court ruled that such a delayed reconsideration is invalid as a remedial procedure, and that merely receiving dismissal allowance (해고수당) or severance pay (퇴직금) does not mean the worker accepted or consented to the disciplinary action. The Court also held that a request for reconsideration is validly filed if submitted to the labor union (as the designated intermediary body) within the deadline, even if it does not immediately reach the company.

Key takeaways
  • CaseThe company wrongfully rejected the worker's valid request for reconsideration, then conducted the reconsideration hearing 1 year and 7 months later and issued a dismissal decision.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that the belated reconsideration was invalid, and that receiving dismissal allowance or severance pay did not mean the worker accepted the disciplinary action, thus confirming the dismissal was invalid.
  • LessonA request for reconsideration is valid if submitted to the labor union within the deadline, and accepting monetary payments is legally separate from consenting to disciplinary action—so workers should continue to contest unfair dismissals rather than give up.
Issues
  • Whether submitting a request for reconsideration to an intermediary body (labor union) within the deadline satisfies the filing requirement, even without direct and immediate delivery to the company
  • Whether a defective or improperly delayed reconsideration procedure can be cured or remains invalid
  • Whether filing a lawsuit after the company's rejection of a reconsideration request is procedurally proper
  • Whether receiving dismissal allowance or severance pay can be interpreted as the worker's consent to or acceptance of the disciplinary action
Key reasoning

The Supreme Court reasoned that submitting a request for reconsideration to the labor union, which served as the designated channel (경유기관), within the prescribed period is sufficient to satisfy the filing requirement, regardless of when it actually reaches the company. Because the company wrongfully rejected the worker's valid request and then conducted the reconsideration hearing only after an unreasonable delay of 1 year and 7 months, this belated reconsideration procedure could not be recognized as a valid remedial process and was therefore void. Furthermore, the Court held that a worker's acceptance of dismissal allowance or severance pay does not, by itself, constitute an expression of consent to or acceptance of the disciplinary dismissal, since receiving such statutory payments is a separate matter from acquiescing to the legality of the disciplinary action.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] When a union member subject to a disciplinary action files a request for reexamination with the labor union (the institution through which reexamination requests must be routed) within the period for filing such a request, this shall be deemed to satisfy the requirement of compliance with the reexamination request period; it is not necessary that the request for reexamination actually reach the company to which the member belongs, via the labor union, within that period.

[2] Where a union member subject to disciplinary action was given a disciplinary dismissal and filed a request for reexamination within the lawful period, but the company to which he belonged returned the request for reexamination to the member without justification, thereby finalizing the original disciplinary decision and completing both the disciplinary dismissal and the retirement measures, and only belatedly, after the lapse of as long as one year and seven months, convened a reexamination disciplinary committee which rendered a reexamination decision maintaining the original reexamination decision as it was, such reexamination cannot constitute a lawful reexamination serving as a remedial procedure against the original disciplinary decision. Even if the member, hoping to obtain relief through the said reexamination procedure, submitted a written reply and stated his opinion therein, this alone does not cure the reexamination decision so as to render it lawful; nor is a different interpretation warranted merely because the collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) or the employment rules (취업규칙) do not specifically prescribe a reexamination period.

[3] Where a union member subject to disciplinary action lawfully filed a request for reexamination of the original disciplinary decision, and, upon the request being wrongfully returned, took measures for relief of his rights through the relevant authorities before filing suit, the mere fact that the suit was filed as much as one year after the request for reexamination was returned cannot be taken to mean that the suit was an unlawful one filed after having acquiesced in the disciplinary decision.

[4] Where a lawful request for reexamination of the original disciplinary decision has been filed, the mere fact that the union member subject to disciplinary action received dismissal allowance or retirement pay from the company to which he belonged after the disciplinary decision cannot, by itself, be taken to mean that he acquiesced in the disciplinary decision.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,046 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee]

[Defendant, Appellant] Hanil Cement Industry Co., Ltd. (한일시멘트공업주식회사), Attorney Park Sin-il, Litigation Representative

[Judgment Below] Daegu High Court Decision 86Na937 rendered on May 1, 1987

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

As to Ground No. 1,

Even if Article 84(1) of the Defendant company's employment rules (취업규칙) provides only that a request for reexamination may be filed within three days if there is an objection to a disciplinary decision, where Article 17(2) of the Collective Agreement (단체협약), which takes precedence over the employment rules, provides that "where a union member subject to disciplinary action has an objection to the company's disciplinary decision, he/she may file a request for reexamination through the union," and Article 12 of the Disciplinary Committee Regulations (징계위원회규정), established pursuant to the employment rules, also provides "where the person subject to discipline has proposed reexamination through the labor union with respect to the grounds for reexamination,"

then, if the person who received the disciplinary action filed a request for reexamination with the labor union, which is the channeling institution for reexamination, within the period for requesting reexamination, this should be regarded as compliance with the period for requesting reexamination, and it is not to be construed that the request for reexamination must necessarily reach the Defendant company through the labor union within that period.

Accordingly, the court below's determination—that although the Plaintiff, after receiving notice of the disciplinary decision, lawfully submitted a written request for reexamination containing the grounds for objection to the above disciplinary action to the chief of the Busan Factory Branch of the labor union within the reexamination period, the Defendant company returned the request for reexamination to the Plaintiff on the ground that the submission period had been exceeded, thereby finalizing the above disciplinary decision, and the disciplinary dismissal made accordingly against the Plaintiff was thus a void disposition made through an unlawful procedure—is justified, and there is no error, as alleged, in misconstruing the period for requesting reexamination.

As to Ground No. 2,

Article 17(2) of the Collective Agreement concluded between the labor union and the Defendant company provides that where a union member subject to disciplinary action has an objection to the company's disciplinary decision, he/she may file a request for reexamination through the union, and the Disciplinary Committee shall immediately conduct the reexamination. The purpose of requiring the Committee to immediately conduct the reexamination upon receipt of such a request is to promptly resolve the unstable status of the employee by expeditiously finalizing the disciplinary procedure.

Therefore, where the Plaintiff, having received the disciplinary dismissal, filed a request for reexamination within the lawful period, but the Defendant company, without reason, returned the request for reexamination to the Plaintiff, finalized the original disciplinary decision, and even completed the disciplinary dismissal and retirement procedures, and then, belatedly, one year and seven months later, convened a Reexamination Disciplinary Committee which rendered a reexamination decision maintaining the original reexamination decision as is—such a reexamination cannot constitute a lawful reexamination serving as a remedial procedure against the original disciplinary decision. The fact that the Plaintiff, hoping to obtain relief through the above reexamination procedure, submitted a written response and stated his opinion therein does not, by itself, cure the reexamination decision into a lawful one. Nor is there any reason to interpret this differently merely because the Collective Agreement or employment rules do not specifically set a period for reexamination.

Ultimately, there is no error in the court below's judgment in misconstruing Article 17(2) of the Collective Agreement as alleged. This argument is without merit.

As to Ground No. 3,

As stated above, where the Plaintiff lawfully filed a request for reexamination against the original disciplinary decision, and, after that request was unjustly returned, took measures through relevant channels to seek relief of rights before filing the instant lawsuit, the fact that the instant lawsuit was filed one year after the request for reexamination was returned cannot be deemed to mean that the lawsuit was unlawfully filed after the Plaintiff had acquiesced to the above disciplinary decision. Furthermore, in light of the Plaintiff's living circumstances and degree of contribution to the Defendant company, etc., while the Plaintiff was lawfully pursuing a request for reexamination against the original disciplinary decision, the mere fact that the Plaintiff received dismissal allowance or retirement pay from the Defendant company after the disciplinary decision cannot, by itself, be deemed to constitute acquiescence to the above disciplinary decision (see this Court's Decisions 78Da1855 rendered on February 13, 1979; 71Da1635 rendered on June 27, 1972, etc.).

Moreover, the filing of the instant lawsuit after receiving such payments cannot be said to violate the principle of good faith.

The judgment below, being to the same effect, is justified, and there is no error, as alleged, in misconstruing the parties' intent regarding acquiescence to the disciplinary decision or in misapprehending the legal principles concerning the principle of good faith. This argument is without merit.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the Defendant. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Presiding Justice Lee Byeong-hu
Justice Lee Myeong-hui
Justice Yun Gwan

【판결요지】

가. 징계처분을 받는 조합원이 재심청구기간내에 재심경유기관인 노동조합에 재심청구를 한 때에는 그것으로서 재심청구기간을 준수한 것으로 보아야 할 것이므로 재심청구가 반드시 그 청구기간내에 노동조합을 경유하여 소속회사에까지 도달하여야만 하는 것은 아니다.

나. 징계대상조합원이 징계해고처분을 받고 적법한 기간내에 재심신청을 하였는데도 소속회사가 이유없이 위 조합원에게 재심청구를 반려한 채 원징계결정을 확정시키고 징계해고처분과 퇴직조치까지 완료하였다가 1년 7개월이나 경과한 뒤에 뒤늦게 재심징계위원회를 개최하여 원재심결정을 그대로 유지하는 재심결정을 하였다면 이는 원징계결정에 대한 구제절차로서의 적법한 재심이 될 수 없으므로 위 조합원이 비록 위 재심절차에서 구제될 것을 희망하여 답변서를 제출하고 의견을 진술하였다 하여 그것만으로 그 재심결정이 적법한 것으로 치유되는 것도 아니고 또 단체협약이나 취업규칙등에 재심기간을 특별히 정한 바 없다하여 그 해석을 달리할 것도 아니다.

다. 징계대상 조합원이 원징계결정에 대하여 적법히 재심청구를 하고 그 청구가 부당하게 반려되자 관계요로를 통하여 권리구제를 위한 조치를 취하다가 소송을 제기하였다면 그 재심청구가 반려된 후에 1년이나 지나서 소송을 제기하였다 하여 이를 들어 위 징계결정에 승복한 뒤에 한 부적법한 소송이라고 할 수 없다.

라. 원징계결정에 대하여 적법하게 재심청구를 하고 있다면 그 징계대상 조합원이 위 징계결정 후에 소속회사로 부터 해고수당이나 퇴직금을 수령하였다하여 그것만으로 위 징계결정에 승복한 것이라고 할 수 없다.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

라. 대법원 1972.6.27. 선고 71다1635 판결, 1979.2.13. 선고 78다1855 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,096자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】

【피고, 상 고 인】 한일시멘트공업주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 박신일

【원심판결】 대구고등법원 1987.5.1. 선고 86나937 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

제1점에 관하여,

피고회사의 취업규칙 제84조 제1항이 징계결정에 이의가 있는지는 3일 이내에 재심을 청구할 수 있다고만 규정하고 있다 하더라도 취업규칙보다 우위에 있는 단체협약 제17조 제2항이 "회사의 징계결정에 대하여 징계대상조합원의 이의가 있을 때에는 조합을 경유하여 재심신청을 할 수 있다"고 규정하고 있고 취업규칙에 의하여 마련된 징계위원회규정 제12조에도 "재심사유에 관하여 징계대상자가 노동조합을 경유하여 재심을 건의하였을 때"라고 규정하고 있다면 징계처분을 받는 자가 재심청구기간내에 재심경유기관인 노동조합에 재심청구를 한 때에는 그것으로서 재심청구기간을 준수한 것으로 보아야 할 것이므로 재심청구가 반드시 그 청구기간내에 노동조합을 경유하여 피고회사에까지 도달하여야만 하는 것은 아니라고 풀이된다.

따라서 원심이 원고가 징계결정의 통지를 받고 그 재심기간내에 노동조합 부산공장 지부장에게 위 징계처분에 대한 이의사유를 담은 재심청구서를 제출한 것이 적법함에도 불구하고 피고회사가 그 제출기간을 넘겼음을 이유로 원고에게 재심청구서를 반려한 채 위 징계결정을 확정시키고 이에 따라 원고에게 징계해고처분을 한 것이 부적법한 절차에 의하여 이루어진 무효의 처분이라고 판단한 것은 정당하고 거기에 주장하는 바와 같은 재심청구기간을 잘못 본 위법이 없다.

제2점에 관하여,

노동조합과 피고회사 사이에 체결된 단체협약 제17조 제2항은 회사의 징계결정에 대하여 징계대상 조합원의 이의가 있을 때에는 조합을 경유하여 재심신청을 할 수 있으며 징계위원회는 즉시 이를 재심한다고 규정하고 있는데 이와 같이 위원회가 재심신청이 있을 때 즉시 재심하도록 한 취지는 징계절차를 빨리 확정함으로써 근로자의 불안정한 신분상태를 조속히 해소하려는데 있다 하겠으므로 원고가 징계해고처분을 받고 적법한 기간내에 재심신청을 하였는데도 피고회사가 이유 없이 원고에게 재심청구를 반려한 채 원징계결정을 확정시키고 징계해고처분과 퇴직조칙까지 완료하였다가 1년 7개월이나 경과한 뒤에 뒤늦게 재심징계위원회를 개최하여 원재심결정을 그대로 유지하는 재심결정을 하였다면 이는 원징계결정에 대한 구제절차로서의 적법한 재심이 될 수 없다 하겠으므로 원고가 비록 위 재심절차에서 구제될 것을 희망하여 답변서를 제출하고 의견을 진술하였다 하여 그것만으로 그 재심결정이 적법한 것으로 치유되는 것도 아니고 또 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에 재심기간을 특별히 정한 바 없다 하여 그 해석을 달리할 것도 아니다.

결국 원심판결에 주장하는 바와 같은 단체협약 제17조 제2항의 해석을 잘못한 위법이 없다. 주장은 이유없다.

제3점에 관하여,

위와 같이 원고가 원징계결정에 대하여 적법히 재심청구를 하고 그 청구가 부당하게 반려되자 관계요로를 통하여 권리구제를 위한 조치를 취하다가 이 사건 소송을 제기하였다면 그 재심청구가 반려된 후에 1년이나 지나서 이 사건 소송을 제기하였다 하여 이를 들어 위 징계결정에 승복한 뒤에 한 부적법한 소송이라고 할 수 없고 또 원징계결정에 대하여 적법하게 재심청구를 하고 있는 터에 원고의 생활형편이나 피고회사에 대한 기여도 등을 고려해 볼 때 원고가 위 징계결정 후에 피고회사로부터 해고수당이나 퇴직금을 수령하였다 하여 그것만으로 위 징계결정에 승복한 것이라고 할 수도 없다( 당원 1979.2.13. 선고 78다1855 판결; 1972.6.27. 선고 71다1635 판결등 참조).

그리고 그 수령 후에 이 사건 소송을 제기한 것이 신의칙에 위반한다고도 할 수 없다.

같은 취지의 원심판결은 정당하고 거기에 주장하는 바와 같은 징계결정의 승복에 관한 당사자의 의사해석을 잘못하였거나 신의칙에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다. 주장은 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고, 상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 하여 관여법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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