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대법원 80다1769

Confirmation of Invalidity of Disciplinary Dismissal, etc.징계해직처분무효확인등

Decided1981. 06. 09. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

An employee of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (농업협동조합 중앙회) was disciplinarily dismissed (징계해직) for accepting money and valuables in connection with his duties. Although the initial disciplinary proceeding failed to give him an opportunity to explain himself, the court found that this procedural defect was cured during the subsequent reconsideration (재심) process, making the overall disciplinary dismissal lawful.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAn employee of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation was disciplinarily dismissed for accepting money related to his duties, and he claimed he was not given a chance to explain himself during the initial disciplinary hearing.
  • OutcomeThe court ruled that even though the initial disciplinary hearing had a procedural defect, the overall dismissal process was lawful because the employee received a sufficient opportunity to explain himself during the reconsideration (재심) stage.
  • LessonEven if a disciplinary procedure has an initial defect, such as failing to provide an opportunity for explanation, this defect can be cured if a fair opportunity to respond is granted in a later stage, such as a reconsideration hearing.
Issues
  • Whether the failure to provide an opportunity for explanation during the disciplinary process constitutes a procedural defect
  • Whether such a procedural defect can be cured through a subsequent reconsideration (재심) procedure
  • Whether the disciplinary dismissal constituted an abuse of the employer's disciplinary discretion
Key reasoning

The Supreme Court acknowledged that failing to provide an opportunity for the employee to explain himself during the initial disciplinary hearing was a serious and clear procedural defect (절차상 하자). However, the Court held that because the employee was given a full and adequate opportunity to present his defense during the subsequent reconsideration (재심) proceeding, the initial disciplinary process and the reconsideration process should be viewed together as a single, unified disciplinary dismissal procedure. On this basis, the Court concluded that the procedural defect in the original hearing was effectively cured (치유), and the disciplinary dismissal as a whole was lawful and did not constitute an abuse of the employer's disciplinary discretion.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

Although the defendant's failure to give the plaintiff an opportunity to explain himself in imposing the disciplinary dismissal constitutes a serious and obvious defect, if the plaintiff, dissatisfied therewith, requested a reexamination, and at the Senior Personnel Committee's deliberation thereof the plaintiff appeared and fully presented his explanation, then the reexamination procedure and the preceding disciplinary procedure together constitute a single disciplinary dismissal procedure as a whole, and thus the defendant's disciplinary procedure against the plaintiff is ultimately lawful.

Full text (English, AI translation) 3,822 chars

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds for appeal are examined.

1. According to the judgment of the court below, the court below, comprehensively considering the evidence set forth therein, found the fact that, as stated in the notification from the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office (대검찰청), the Plaintiff, in connection with the purchase of agricultural materials, which was the Plaintiff's assigned duty, received an improper solicitation from a certain person, the executive director of the Korea Plastic Cooperative (한국프라스틱협동조합), asking the Plaintiff to ensure that the purchase contracts for products of the members of said cooperative, such as polyethylene film and polyethylene bags, would be successfully concluded, and that the Plaintiff received a total of 150,000 won on three occasions in connection therewith. No violation of the rules of evidence as pointed out in the grounds of appeal can be found in the court below's process of finding these facts, and the court below's determination that the Defendant's disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff, who committed such misconduct, cannot be found to exceed the Defendant's discretionary authority is also acceptable. Therefore, the argument that the court below found the facts in violation of the rules of evidence and misunderstood the legal principles concerning abuse of the power of disciplinary action is without merit.

2. The court below found, based on the evidence set forth therein, that under the Defendant's personnel regulations and disciplinary business handling guidelines, where there are grounds for disciplinary action against an employee, such action shall be implemented following a resolution of the relevant personnel committee and approval by the chairman, and that where the disciplinary measure proposed by the person authorized to refer the matter for disciplinary action corresponds to disciplinary dismissal, or in the case of a reexamination concerning a severe disciplinary action, a notice of appearance must be issued (Article 29, Paragraph 3 of the Disciplinary Business Handling Guidelines); that in imposing disciplinary dismissal, which is a severe disciplinary action, on the Plaintiff, the Defendant failed to issue a notice of appearance to the Plaintiff and thereby failed to give the Plaintiff an opportunity to explain, which constitutes a serious and clear procedural defect; however, the court below also found the fact that the Plaintiff, dissatisfied with the said disciplinary dismissal, requested a reexamination in accordance with the provisions of the said personnel regulations, and that in the deliberation thereof by the Senior Personnel Committee, a notice of appearance was issued to the Plaintiff, and the Plaintiff appeared before the said Senior Personnel Committee accordingly and fully presented his explanations. The court below held that the said reexamination procedure and the aforementioned disciplinary procedure together constitute a single disciplinary dismissal procedure against the Plaintiff as a whole, and thus concluded that the Defendant's disciplinary procedure against the Plaintiff was lawful. No violation of the rules of evidence can be found in the court below's process of finding these facts, and it does not appear that the court below erred in interpreting the Defendant's personnel regulations or disciplinary business handling guidelines. Therefore, this argument is also without merit.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating judges.

Supreme Court Justice Lee Hoi-chang (Presiding Judge), Lee Il-gyu, Lee Seong-ryeol, Jeon Sang-seok

【판결요지】

피고가 원고에 대하여 징계해직을 함에 있어 변명의 기회를 주지 아니하였음은 중대하고 명백한 하자가 있다고 할 것이나 원고가 이에 불복하여 재심을 청구하고, 그 고등인사위원회에서 이를 심의함에 있어 원고가 출석하여 충분히 변명을 하였다면 위 재심절차와 앞의 징계절차는 그 전체가 하나의 징계해직 절차를 이룬다고 할 것이므로 결국 원고에 대한 피고의 징계절차는 적법하다.

【참조조문】

농업협동조합중앙회 징계업무처리요령 제29조

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,314자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】

【피고, 피상고인】 농업협동조합 중앙회 소송대리인 변호사 이돈명

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1980.6.16. 선고 79나3334 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고 소송비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 원심판결에 의하면, 원심은 그 거시의 증거를 종합하여 원고가 대검찰청 통보내용과 같이 원고의 취급업무인 농용자재의 구매업무에 관하여 한국프라스틱협동조합의 전무이사인 소외 인으로부터 동 조합원의 제품인 폴리에틸렌 필림 및 폴리에틸렌 포대 등의 구매계약이 잘 이루어지도록 해달라는 부정한 청탁을 받고 3회에 걸쳐 합계 금 150,000원을 받은 사실을 인정하고 있는바, 원심의 이와 같은 사실인정의 과정에 논지가 지적하는 바와 같은 채증법칙의 위배가 있음을 발견할 수 없고 또 피고가 이러한 비위행위를 감행한 원고를 징계 해직한 처분이 피고의 재량권을 넘어서는 것이라고 인정되지 아니한다고 판단하였음도 수긍이 가는 바이므로 원심이 채증법칙에 위배하여 사실을 인정하였고, 또 징계권의 남용에 관한 법리를 오해한 것이라는 논지는 이유없다.

2. 원심은 그 거시의 증거에 의하여 피고의 인사규정 및 징계업무 처리요령에 의하면 직원에 대하여 징계사유가 있으면 해당 인사위원회의 의결에 따라 회장의 재결을 받아 시행하며 징계 부의권자가 제의한 징계량이 징계해직에 해당하거나 중징계에 대한 재심일 경우에는 반드시 출석통지서를 발부(징계업무처리요령 제29조 3항)하여야 하도록 규정되어 있는데 피고가 원고에 대하여 중징계인 징계해직을 함에 있어서 원고에게 출석통지서를 발부하지 아니하여 변명할 기회를 주지 아니하였음은 중대하고 명백한 절차상의 하자가 있다 할 것이나 원고가 위 징계해직처분에 불복하여 위 인사규정의 정하는 바에 따른 재심을 청구하고 그 고등인사위원회에서 이를 심의함에 있어 원고에게 출석통지서를 발부하고 원고가 이에 따라 위 고등인사위원회에 출석하여 충분히 변명을 한 사실을 인정하고 위 재심절차와 앞의 징계절차는 그 전체가 원고에 대한 하나의 징계해직처분절차를 이룬다고 할 것이어서 결국 원고에 대한 피고의 징계절차는 적법하다고 판시하고 있는바, 원심의 이러한 사실인정 과정에 채증법칙 위반이 있음을 발견할 수 없고 원심이 피고의 인사규정이나 징계업무처리요령에 대한 해석을 잘못한 위법이 있다고도 보여지지 아니하므로 논지도 이유없다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고, 상고 소송비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 이회창(재판장) 이일규 이성렬 전상석

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