Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 91다36123

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1992. 09. 22. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Although the company failed to properly follow disciplinary procedures—such as providing advance notice and requiring a written explanation (경위서) from the employees before the initial disciplinary decision—the Supreme Court ruled that these procedural defects were cured because the employees were given a sufficient opportunity to explain themselves during the subsequent appeal (재심) process. As a result, the lower court's decision upholding the disciplinary dismissal (징계해고) as valid was finalized, and the employees lost the case.

Key takeaways
  • CaseThe company dismissed employees for disciplinary reasons without properly following procedures such as advance notice and obtaining written explanations, leading the employees to claim the dismissal was invalid.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that because the employees were given a sufficient opportunity to explain themselves during the appeal process, the defects in the initial disciplinary procedure were cured, and the dismissal was valid.
  • LessonEven if a company's initial disciplinary procedure has flaws, providing employees with a fair and adequate opportunity to be heard during a subsequent appeal can remedy those procedural defects.
Issues
  • Whether a disciplinary action is invalid when procedural requirements are violated
  • Whether procedural defects can be cured through a subsequent appeal (재심) process
  • The timing requirements for notifying employees of disciplinary matters and for requiring a written statement of explanation (경위서)
Key reasoning

As a general rule, procedural defects in a disciplinary action (징계처분) render the action invalid. However, the Supreme Court held that the appeal procedure (재심절차) and the original disciplinary procedure together constitute a single, unified disciplinary process. Therefore, if the employee was given a genuine and sufficient opportunity to present a defense during the appeal stage, any procedural defects that occurred in the initial stage can be considered cured (치유). Since the employees in this case had such an opportunity during the appeal, the dismissal was deemed procedurally valid despite the earlier shortcomings.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where a collective agreement or the rules of employment provide that the subject of disciplinary action must be notified of the matters subject to discipline and required to submit a written statement of the circumstances, the purpose of such provisions is, on the one hand, to guarantee the person subject to discipline an opportunity to prepare and submit exculpatory materials favorable to himself in order to explain the alleged misconduct, and, on the other hand, to enable the disciplinary authority to accurately grasp the facts of the misconduct and to handle the case fairly. Therefore, a disciplinary action taken in violation of such procedure is in principle null and void, and even where there is no special provision as to the timing of notification of the matters subject to discipline, notification must be given with a reasonable period allowed for the preparation of explanations and exculpatory materials. Even if there is a risk that the person subject to discipline may commit other unlawful acts apart from the grounds for discipline, that fact alone cannot, absent special circumstances, constitute a legitimate reason to omit the procedures that must necessarily be followed in disciplinary proceedings.

[2] The procedure for reexamination of a disciplinary action, together with the original disciplinary procedure, constitutes a single disciplinary process as a whole, and the legitimacy of that procedure must be judged with respect to the entire disciplinary process. Accordingly, even if there was a procedural defect in the original disciplinary process, if such defect was cured in the course of the reexamination, the procedural defect shall be deemed cured.

[3] A case holding that where employees were notified of the matters subject to discipline immediately before the personnel committee meeting was convened, and after the resolution of the personnel committee were notified of the disciplinary result, including the grounds and basis for discipline, and thereupon requested reexamination and stated their arguments and explanations in the written request for reexamination, and where there was sufficient time until the reexamination personnel committee was convened to submit favorable explanations and exculpatory materials therefor, the procedural defect of having delayed notification of the matters subject to discipline to the employees and having failed to require the submission of a written statement of the circumstances was cured.

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,618 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 1 other
[Defendant, Appellee] Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd., Attorney Kim Hyung-su, counsel for the defendant
[Court Below] Daegu High Court Decision 90Na5512 rendered on August 22, 1991

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. As to Ground of Appeal No. 1
The selection of evidence and the finding of facts fall within the exclusive authority of the fact-finding court, so long as it does not exceed the limits of the principle of free evaluation of evidence. Examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the record, the court below's selection of evidence and finding of facts are found to be justified, and there is no illegality therein as pointed out in the argument. The ground of appeal is without merit.

2. As to Ground of Appeal No. 2(a)
The court below found the following facts: Article 4 of the Defendant Company's Rules on Rewards and Punishments provides, as a disciplinary procedure, that when grounds for discipline arise, each department shall notify the competent department of the details thereof, and upon receiving the request for discipline, the competent department shall notify the person subject to discipline of the matters requested for discipline and require a written statement of circumstances from that person. On November 3, 1989, when the Defendant Company convened a personnel committee meeting at 16:00 concerning the discipline of the Plaintiffs, it mailed to the Plaintiffs' homes on the morning of that day a notice to appear before the personnel committee specifying the grounds and basis for discipline, and attempted to deliver the notice to appear to the Plaintiffs immediately before the personnel committee meeting was to be held; when the Plaintiffs refused to accept it, the Defendant read aloud to them the grounds and basis for discipline as stated above and requested their attendance, and thereafter held the personnel committee meeting as scheduled and resolved to dismiss the Plaintiffs for disciplinary reasons in their absence. The court below also found that on November 9, 1989, the Defendant Company mailed to the Plaintiffs a notice of the results of the disciplinary action, and the Plaintiffs, dissatisfied therewith, filed a request for reexamination, but the reexamination personnel committee held on December 4, 1989 resolved in the same manner as before. Based on these findings, the court below determined that, although there was a procedural defect in that the Defendant Company mailed the notice to appear to the Plaintiffs on the morning of the day of the disciplinary action and read the notice to appear to them just before the personnel committee meeting was held without requiring a written statement of circumstances, given the situation in which it was uncertain when the Plaintiffs might again commit the unlawful acts as described above, the disciplinary dismissal resolution could not be deemed void even though the Defendant Company did not allow sufficient time to deliver the notice to appear or require a written statement of circumstances before holding the personnel committee meeting. Furthermore, the court below determined that, since the Plaintiffs, after receiving the notice of the disciplinary results, requested reexamination and were given an opportunity to prepare their defense until the reexamination committee was held after a considerable period of time had passed, and had the propriety of the disciplinary action judged through the reexamination procedure, the procedural defect of the Defendant Company's personnel committee having urgently notified the Plaintiffs of the grounds for discipline and failed to require a written statement of circumstances was thereby cured.

The purpose of provisions in a collective agreement or employment rules requiring notification of disciplinary matters to the person subject to discipline and requiring a written statement of circumstances is, on the one hand, to guarantee the person subject to discipline an opportunity to prepare and submit exculpatory materials favorable to himself in order to defend against the alleged disciplinary misconduct, and on the other hand, to enable the disciplinary authority to accurately ascertain the facts of misconduct and handle the matter fairly. Therefore, a disciplinary action in violation of such procedures is, in principle, void. Even where there is no special provision regarding the timing of notification of disciplinary matters, notification must be given with a reasonable period of time allowed for the preparation of a defense and exculpatory materials. Even if there is a risk that the person subject to discipline may commit other unlawful acts apart from the grounds for discipline, that fact alone cannot, absent special circumstances, constitute a justifiable reason for omitting procedures that must ordinarily be followed in disciplinary proceedings.

However, the reexamination procedure for a disciplinary action, together with the original disciplinary procedure, constitutes a single disciplinary process as a whole (see Supreme Court Decision 80Da1769, delivered on June 9, 1981), and the legitimacy of the procedure must be judged with respect to the entire disciplinary process. Therefore, even if there was a procedural defect in the original disciplinary process, if it was cured during the reexamination process, such procedural defect is deemed cured.

It was erroneous for the court below to have determined that the disciplinary dismissal resolution, made without following the procedures prescribed in the disciplinary rules, could not be deemed void merely because of the circumstance that the Plaintiffs might commit unlawful acts. However, as found by the court below, the Plaintiffs were notified of the disciplinary matters immediately before the personnel committee meeting was held, and after the resolution of the personnel committee, were notified of the disciplinary results including the grounds and basis therefor, and requested reexamination thereof (according to the record, the Plaintiffs stated their arguments and defense in the request for reexamination); and it appears that the Plaintiffs had sufficient time to submit favorable defense and supporting materials until the reexamination personnel committee was held. Therefore, the procedural defect of delayed notification of the disciplinary matters to the Plaintiffs and the failure to require a written statement of circumstances was thereby cured. Accordingly, the judgment below, having reached the same conclusion, is justified, and there is no illegality in the judgment below, as pointed out in the argument, of misapprehending the legal principles or failing to state reasons, affecting the outcome of the judgment. This ground of appeal is also without merit.

3. As to Ground of Appeal No. 2(c)
Based on the evidence cited, the court below found the following facts: Plaintiff 1, believing that the removal of Plaintiff 2 from the position of team leader was unjust, visited the responsible section chief, department head, and executive director to point out the unfairness and demand correction; when his demands were not accepted, he used severe abusive language and verbal abuse toward his superior, Nonparty 1, the section chief. Furthermore, using the morning assembly time set aside for preparation for work, he asserted only the justness of his own claims and incited others to oust Nonparty 1, the section chief, and others, including by singing songs, and by collecting signatures to recruit persons to go and protest at the head office in Seoul, thereby causing disruption to operations. When Plaintiff 2 staged a sit-in demonstration in the middle of the workplace, Plaintiff 1, despite holding the position of team leader who should have striven for normal operations, not only failed to dissuade this but acquiesced in it, causing the night shift work to be suspended for several hours, thereby causing enormous losses to the Defendant Company. As for Plaintiff 2, rather than reflecting on the fact that he had been removed from the position of team leader due to his own neglect of duty causing disruption to the Defendant Company's operations, he merely believed the removal to be unjust and, in demanding correction, used abusive language toward his superior, Nonparty 1, the section chief, because his demands were not accepted. Moreover, he refused to work during working hours and staged a sit-in on the floor of the workplace, shouting slogans and singing songs together with sympathizing colleagues, thereby causing disruption to the day shift operations and causing the night shift operations to be suspended for several hours, inflicting enormous property damage on the Defendant Company. Having found these facts, the court below determined that all of these acts of the Plaintiffs exceeded the legitimate procedures and limits of grievance handling, violating not only the provisions prohibiting assembly, demonstration, and other collective actions within the company without permission under the Defendant Company's employment rules and service regulations, and the provision prohibiting industrial action not directed by the union under the collective agreement, but also constituting an unlawful labor dispute conducted without following the procedures prescribed by the Labor Dispute Mediation Act (노동쟁의조정법), thus falling under the grounds for dismissal set forth in Article 4 of the Defendant Company's Rules on Rewards and Punishments, namely: inciting or coercing other employees to unlawfully resign, or inciting a work slowdown or shutdown; obstructing other employees' work through violence or intimidation; holding assemblies, speeches, demonstrations, or similar acts without the company's permission; and disturbing the order of the company so as to affect other employees. Examining the judgment below in light of the record, the above determination of the court below is found to be justified, and there is no illegality therein, as pointed out in the argument, of omission of judgment or misapprehension of legal principles. Furthermore, so long as the Plaintiffs' acts fall under the grounds for dismissal set forth in the Defendant Company's Rules on Rewards and Punishments, etc., it cannot be deemed unlawful even if the court below did not specifically and individually indicate whether each act of the Plaintiffs corresponded to a ground for discipline. This ground of appeal is also without merit.

4. As to Ground of Appeal No. 2(b)
The court below found that it was not established that Nonparty 2, the executive director and general manager of the Defendant Company's Gumi plant, had promised to overlook the Plaintiffs' acts, and that although Nonparty 2 had made a statement to the effect that this matter should be concluded on terms in which neither side would be harmed, it was difficult to view this alone as a promise to overlook the Plaintiffs' acts. The court below further determined that, even assuming that Nonparty 2 had made such a promise, the authority to discipline employees rests with the president, and there is no evidence to establish that Nonparty 2 was delegated the authority to exempt employees from disciplinary responsibility or to waive the right to discipline. Therefore, it could not be deemed that the Defendant Company exempted the Plaintiffs from responsibility.

Examining the evidence cited by the court below in light of the record, the court below's finding and determination that Nonparty 2 did not promise to overlook the Plaintiffs' acts are found to be justified. Accordingly, since it is not established that Nonparty 2 made such a promise, even if there was insufficient examination, as pointed out in the argument, regarding whether Nonparty 2 actually held substantive disciplinary authority and whether the dismissal in this case violated the principle of good faith, in the alternative determination of the judgment below, such insufficiency cannot be deemed to have affected the outcome of this judgment.

Therefore, this ground of appeal is also without merit.

5. As to Ground of Appeal No. 2(d)
The court below determined that, since all of the Plaintiffs' acts as described above not only violated the provisions prohibiting collective action under the Defendant Company's employment rules and service regulations, but also constituted an unlawful labor dispute conducted without following the procedures prescribed by the Labor Dispute Mediation Act, thereby falling under the grounds for dismissal set forth in Article 4 of the Defendant Company's Rules on Rewards and Punishments, even taking into account that Plaintiff 1 had served the Defendant Company for approximately 12 years and Plaintiff 2 for a little over 5 years prior to this disciplinary action, and that the motive for the Plaintiffs' aforementioned acts was grievance handling, considering that the Defendant Company suffered disruption to the operations of the plant for a considerable period due to the Plaintiffs' aforementioned acts, thereby sustaining no small amount of property damage, and that order and service discipline within the plant were disturbed, having no small effect on the Defendant Company's operation of the plant, the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiffs could not be deemed to have manifestly lacked reasonableness so as to constitute a deviation from or abuse of discretionary authority. Considering the content of the Plaintiffs' acts as described above and the resulting consequences, it must be said that the Plaintiffs bear grounds attributable to them of such a degree that, in light of common social norms, the employment relationship with the Defendant Company could no longer be continued. Accordingly, there is a justifiable reason for the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiffs in this case, and it cannot be said that this amounts to an abuse of the right to discipline. The judgment below, having reached the same conclusion, is justified, and there is no illegality therein, as pointed out in the argument, of misapprehending the legal principles concerning abuse of the right to dismiss.

This ground of appeal is also without merit.

6. Therefore, the appeal is dismissed in its entirety, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the Plaintiffs, the losing parties. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Yoon Kwan (Presiding Justice), Choi Jae-ho, Kim Ju-han

【판결요지】

가. 단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에서 징계대상자에게 징계사항을 통보하고 경위서를 징구하도록 규정한 경우 그 취지는 징계대상자로 하여금 징계혐의사실에 대한 변명을 위하여 자신에게 이익되는 소명자료를 준비제출할 수 있는 기회를 보장하는 한편, 징계권자로 하여금 비위사실을 정확하게 파악하고 사건을 공정하게 처리하게 하려는 데 있으므로 위와 같은 절차에 위반한 처분은 원칙적으로 무효이고, 징계사항의 통보시기에 관하여 특별한 규정이 없다고 하더라도 변명과 소명자료를 준비하기 위한 상당한 기간을 두고 통보하여야 하며, 징계대상자가 징계사유 이외에 다른 불법행위를 저지를 위험이 있다고 하더라도 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그 점만으로 징계에서 당연히 밟아야 할 절차를 생략할 정당한 사유가 될 수는 없다.

나. 징계처분에 대한 재심절차는 원래의 징계절차와 함께 전부가 하나의 징계처분절차를 이루는 것으로서 그 절차의 정당성도 징계과정 전부에 관하여 판단되어야 할 것이므로 원래의 징계과정에 절차위반의 하자가 있더라도 재심과정에서 보완되었다면 그 절차위반의 하자는 치유된다고 할 것이다.

다. 근로자들이 인사위원회 개최 직전에 징계사항을 통보받았고, 또 인사위원회의 의결 후에 징계사유와 근거가 포함된 징계결과를 통보받고 이에 대한 재심을 청구하고, 그 재심청구서에 자신들의 주장과 변명을 기재하였으며, 재심 인사위원회가 개최될 때까지 유리한 변명과 이에 대한 소명자료를 제출할 수 있는 충분한 시간 여유도 있었다면 근로자들에게 징계사항의 통지를 지연하고 경위서를 징구하지 아니한 절차상의 하자는 치유되었다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1991.7.23. 선고 91다13731 판결(공1991,2231), 1991.8.13. 선고 91다1233 판결(공1991,2331), 1992.7.28. 선고 92다14786 판결(공1992,2645) / 나.대법원 1981.6.9. 선고 80다1769 판결(공1981,14056) / 다. 대법원 1979.11.27. 선고 78누123 판결(공1980,12427), 1991.2.8. 선고 90다15884 판결(공1991,960), 1992.6.26. 선고 91다42982 판결(공1992,2269)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,106자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 1인

【피고, 피상고인】 대우전자 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 김형수

【원심판결】 대구고등법원 1991.8.22. 선고 90나5512 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 상고이유 제1점에 대하여

증거의 취사와 사실의 인정은 그것이 자유심증주의 한계를 벗어나지 않는 한 사실심의 전권에 속하는 것인바, 원심판결 이유를 기록에 비추어 보면 원심의 증거취사와 사실인정은 정당한 것으로 수긍되고 거기에 소론이 지적하는 바와 같은 위법이 있다고 할 수 없으므로 논지는 이유 없다.

2. 상고이유 제2의 가.에 대하여

원심은 피고 회사 상벌규칙 제4조는 징계의 절차로 각 부서는 징계의 사유가 발생하면 그 내용을 소관부서에 통보하고 소관부서는 징계의뢰의 접수시 징계대상자에게 징계의뢰 사항을 통보하고 그로부터 경위서를 징구한다고 규정하고 있는데, 피고 회사가 1989.11.3. 16:00에 원고들의 징계에 관한 인사위원회를 소집하면서 당일 오전에 원고들의 집으로 징계사유와 근거를 적시한 인사위원회 출석요구서를 우편으로 발송하고 인사위원회가 개최되기 직전에 원고들에게 출석요구서를 교부하려 하였으나 원고들이 수령을 거절하자 위와 같은 내용의 징계사유와 근거를 낭독해 주면서 원고들의 출석을 요구한 후 예정대로 인사위원회를 개최하여 원고들이 불참한 가운데 원고들에 대한 징계해고를 의결한 사실과 피고 회사가 1989.11.9. 원고들에게 징계결과통보서를 우편송부하자 원고들이 이에 불복 재심청구를 하였으나 1989.12.4.에 개최된 재심 인사위원회에서도 원심과 동일하게 결의한 사실을 인정한 다음, 피고 회사가 징계 당일 오전에 원고들에게 출석요구서를 우편송부하고 징계위원회 개최시각에 임박하여 출석요구서를 낭독해 주면서 경위서를 징구하지 아니한 절차상의 잘못이 있기는 하나 위와 같은 절차를 밟다가는 언제 다시 원고들이 위와 같은 불법행위를 자행할지 모를 상황에서 피고 회사가 충분한 시간적 여유를 두고 출석요구서를 교부하거나 경위서를 징구하여 인사위원회를 개최하지 아니하였더라도 위 징계해고의결이 무효라고 볼 수 없을 뿐만 아니라, 원고들이 징계결과통보서를 송부받고 재심을 청구하여 상당한 기간이 지난 재심위원회 개최시까지 자신들을 변호할 준비를 갖출 수 있는 기회를 부여받은 상태에서 재심절차를 통하여 위 징계의 적정 여부를 판단받았으므로 피고 회사 인사위원회가 원고들에게 징계사유를 급박하게 통보하고 경위서를 징구하지 아니한 절차상의 하자는 이로써 치유된 것이라고 판단하였다.

단체협약이나 취업규칙 등에서 징계대상자에게 징계사항을 통보하고 경위서를 징구하도록 규정한 취지는 징계대상자로 하여금 징계혐의사실에 대한 변명을 위하여 자신에게 이익되는 소명자료를 준비제출할 수 있는 기회를 보장하는 한편, 징계권자로 하여금 비위사실을 정확하게 파악하고 사건을 공정하게 처리하게 하려는 데 있으므로 위와 같은 절차에 위반한 징계처분은 원칙적으로 무효이고, 징계사항의 통보시기에 관하여 특별한 규정이 없다고 하더라도 변명과 소명자료를 준비하기 위한 상당한 기간을 두고 통보하여야 하며, 징계대상자가 징계사유 외에 다른 불법행위를 저지를 위험이 있다고 하더라도 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그 점만으로 징계에서 당연히 밟아야 할 절차를 생략할 정당한 사유가 될 수는 없다 할 것이다.

그러나, 징계처분에 대한 재심절차는 원래의 징계절차와 함께 전부가 하나의 징계처분절차를 이루는 것으로서(당원 1981.6.9. 선고 80다1769 판결 참조) 그 절차의 정당성도 징계과정 전부에 관하여 판단되어야 할 것이므로 원래의 징계과정에 절차위반의 하자가 있더라도 재심과정에서 보완되었다면 그 절차위반의 하자는 치유된다고 할 것이다.

원심이 원고들이 불법행위를 자행할지 모를 상황이었다는 사정만으로 징계규정에서 정한 절차를 거치지 아니한 징계해고의결이 무효라고 볼 수 없다고 판단한 것은 잘못이라고 할 것이지만, 한편 원심이 확정한 바와 같이 원고들은 인사위원회 개최 직전에 징계사항을 통보받았고, 또 인사위원회의 의결 후에 징계사유와 근거가 포함된 징계결과를 통보받고 이에 대한 재심을 청구하였으며(기록에 의하면 원고들은 재심청구서에 자신들의 주장과 변명을 기재하였다.), 재심 인사위원회가 개최될 때까지 유리한 변명과 이에 대한 소명자료를 제출할 수 있는 충분한 시간 여유도 있었다고 보여지므로 원고들에게 징계사항의 통보를 지연하고 경위서를 징구하지 아니한 절차상의 하자는 이로써 치유되었다고 할 것인바, 결론에 있어 같은 취지의 판단을 한 원심판단은 정당하고, 결국 원심판결에 소론이 지적하는 바와 같은 판결결과에 영향을 미친 법리오해와 이유불비의 위법이 있다 할 수 없다. 논지도 이유 없다.

3. 상고이유 제2의 다.에 대하여

원심은 거시의 증거에 의하여 원고 1이 원고 2에 대한 조장해임조치가 부당하다고 생각한 나머지 담당과장, 부장, 상무를 방문하여 그 부당성을 지적하고 시정을 요구하는 과정에서 원고들의 요구가 관철되지 아니한다 하여 자신의 상사인 소외 1 과장에게 심한 욕설 및 폭언을 한 행위, 작업준비를 위하여 마련된 조회시간을 이용하여 자신의 주장의 정당성만을 내세워 위 소외 1 과장 등을 축출하려고 선동하고 노래를 부르는가 하면 서울 본사에 찾아가 항의할 자를 모집하기 위한 서명을 받는 등의 선동을 하여 조업에 지장을 초래한 행위, 원고 2가 작업장 한가운데에서 농성에 들어갔을 때 정상조업에 힘써야 할 반장의 직책에 있음에도 이를 만류하기는 커녕 방조하면서 야간조 작업이 수시간 중단되게 하기에 이르러 피고 회사에 막대한 손실을 준 행위와 원고 2가 자신의 업무소홀로 인하여 피고 회사의 조업에 지장을 초래하여 조장직에서 해임되게 된 것을 반성하기는 커녕 부당하다고만 생각한 나머지 그 시정을 요함에 있어 자신의 요구가 관철되지 아니한다는 이유로 상사인 위 소외 1 과장에게 폭언한 행위, 더우기 작업시간에 작업을 거부하고 작업장 바닥에 앉아 농성을 벌이면서 이에 동조하는 동료들과 함께 구호를 외치고 노래를 부름으로써 주간조 작업에 지장을 초래하고 야간조 작업이 수시간 동안 중단되게 하여 피고 회사에 막대한 재산적 손실을 입힌 행위 등을 인정한 다음, 원고들의 이와 같은 행위는 모두 고충처리의 정당한 절차와 한계를 일탈한 행위로서 피고 회사 취업규칙과 복무통칙의 허가 없는 회사내에서의 집회, 시위 등의 단체행동금지규정과 단체협약의 조합의 지시에 의하지 아니한 쟁의행위의 금지규정에 위반될 뿐만 아니라 노동쟁의조정법이 정한 절차를 거치지 아니한 불법노동쟁의로서 피고 회사 상벌규칙 제4조 소정의 해고사유 중 타직원에게 불법으로 사직을 선동, 강요하거나 태업, 휴업을 선동한 경우, 폭행, 협박으로 타직원의 업무를 방해한 경우, 회사의 허가 없이 집회, 연설, 시위 등의 행위를 한 경우, 회사의 질서를 문란하게 하여 타직원에게 영향을 미친 경우에 해당된다고 판단하였는바, 기록에 비추어 원심판결을 검토하면 위와 같은 원심의 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍되고 거기에 소론이 지적하는 바와 같은 판단유탈이나 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없으며, 원고들의 행위가 피고 회사의 상벌규칙 등에 정한 해고사유에 해당되는 한 원심이 원고들의 각 행위에 대하여 구체적, 개별적으로 징계사유 해당 여부를 명시하지 아니하였더라도 이를 위법하다고 할 수 없으므로, 논지도 이유 없다.

4. 상고이유 제2의 나.에 대하여

원심은 피고 회사의 구미 총괄공장장인 소외 2 상무가 원고들의 행위를 불문에 부치겠다고 약속한 사실이 인정되지 아니하고, 위 소외 2가 서로 다치지 않는 선에서 이번 사태를 매듭짓자는 취지의 말을 하였지만 그것만으로 원고들의 행위를 불문에 부치겠다는 약속을 한 것으로 보기 어렵다고 판시한 다음, 설사 위 소외 2가 그와 같은 약속을 하였다고 하더라도 사원에 대한 징계권한은 사장에게 있고 위 소외 2에게 사원들에 대한 징계책임을 면제시키거나 징계권을 포기할 수 있는 권한이 위임되었음을 인정할 아무런 증거가 없으므로 피고 회사가 원고들에 대한 책임을 면제한 것이라고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였다.

원심이 거시한 증거를 기록에 비추어 검토하면 위 소외 2가 원고들의 행위를 불문에 부치겠다는 약속을 하지 않았다는 원심의 인정과 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍되고, 따라서 위 소외 2가 위와 같은 약속을 한 사실이 인정되지 않는 한 원심판결의 가정적 판단에 소론이 지적하는 바와 같이 위 소외 2가 실질적인 징계권한을 가지고 있다는 점과 이 사건 해고가 신의칙에 위반된 것이라는 점에 관하여 심리가 미진한 바 있다 하더라도 그 점이 이 사건 판결의 결과에 영향을 미친다고 할 수 없다.

그러므로 이 점에 관한 논지도 이유 없다.

5. 상고이유 제2의 라.에 대하여

원심은 위에서 본 원고들의 행위는 모두 피고 회사 취업규칙과 복무통칙의 단체행동금지규정 등에 위반될 뿐만 아니라 노동쟁의조정법 소정의 절차를 거치지 아니한 불법노동쟁의로서 피고 회사 상벌규칙 제4조 소정의 해고사유에 해당한다 할 것이므로, 이 사건 징계처분 전에 원고 1은 12년 정도, 원고 2는 5년 남짓 피고 회사에 근속하였고, 원고들의 위와 같은 행위의 동기가 고충처리를 위함이었다는 점을 참작하더라도 피고 회사가 원고들의 위와 같은 행위로 인하여 상당한 기간 동안 위 공장의 조업에 지장을 받았고, 이로 말미암아 적지 않은 재산적 손실까지도 입었을 뿐만 아니라 위 공장 내의 질서 및 복무규율이 문란해짐으로써 피고 회사로 하여금 위 공장 운영에 적지 않은 영향을 주었던 점 등을 감안하여 볼 때 원고들에 대한 징계해고처분이 현저히 상당성을 잃어서 재량권을 일탈하거나 남용하였다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였는바, 원고들의 위와 같은 행위내용과 이로 인한 결과 등을 고려하면 원고들에게 사회통념상 피고 회사와의 근로관계를 계속시킬 수 없을 정도의 귀책사유가 있다고 할 것이므로, 원고들에 대한 이 사건 징계해고처분에는 정당한 이유가 있고 이를 가리켜 징계권의 남용에 해당된다고 할 수 없을 것이니 같은 취지의 원심판단은 정당하고, 거기에 소론이 지적하는 바와 같이 해고권 남용에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

논지 또한 이유 없다.

6. 그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자인 원고들의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 윤관(재판장) 최재호 김주한

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