Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 93다3745

Nullification of Dismissal Disposition, etc.해임처분무효확인등

Decided1993. 05. 14. Court대법원Employer (School) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A teacher at a private school was dismissed for joining the Korean Teachers and Education Workers' Union (전교조). The key issue was whether it was lawful for the school to send the 1st and 2nd notices to appear before the disciplinary committee (징계위원회) at the same time. The Korean Supreme Court held that simultaneous notice is permissible as long as there is sufficient time between the two summons, and that only the Private School Act (사립학교법) applies to private school teacher discipline—not the Public Educational Officials Disciplinary Decree (교육공무원징계령). The Court ultimately upheld the dismissal as valid, ruling in favor of the school.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A private school teacher was dismissed for joining the Korean Teachers and Education Workers' Union, and the school sent the 1st and 2nd notices to appear before the disciplinary committee at the same time.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that sending both notices simultaneously is lawful as long as there is sufficient time between them, and upheld the dismissal as valid.
  • LessonLesson: Private schools only need to guarantee at least two written opportunities to appear before the disciplinary committee, so sending simultaneous notices with an adequate time interval poses no legal problem.
Issues
  • Whether the method of sending notices to appear before the disciplinary committee adequately protected the private school teacher's right to make statements in the disciplinary proceedings
  • Whether the Public Educational Officials Disciplinary Decree (교육공무원징계령) applies by analogy to disciplinary proceedings against private school teachers
  • Whether the failure to send a copy of the written request for disciplinary resolution constitutes a procedural defect
Key reasoning

Article 65 of the Private School Act (사립학교법) only requires that a teacher be given the opportunity to be summoned in writing at least twice before the disciplinary committee. Therefore, sending both the 1st and 2nd notices to appear at the same time does not violate the law, so long as there is adequate time between the two summons for the teacher to prepare. Additionally, the Court clarified that disciplinary proceedings against private school teachers are governed exclusively by the Private School Act, and the Public Educational Officials Disciplinary Decree (교육공무원징계령), which applies to public school teachers, does not apply by analogy to private school teachers.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1]
The purport of Article 65(1) of the Private School Act (私立學校法), which provides that "the Teachers' Disciplinary Committee shall investigate the truth of the matter in deliberating on a disciplinary case, and shall hear the statement of the person concerned before making a disciplinary resolution; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the person fails to appear despite being summoned in writing two or more times," is to be interpreted as guaranteeing the teacher subject to discipline, in the disciplinary procedure against a private school teacher, an opportunity to appear before the Disciplinary Committee and make statements favorable to himself in defense of the alleged disciplinary facts, while providing that if the teacher subject to discipline fails to comply despite being summoned in writing two or more times, he shall be deemed to have voluntarily waived his right to make a statement, and the disciplinary resolution may then be made without a hearing of his statement.

[2]
In order to guarantee the right to make a statement of the teacher subject to discipline as set forth in item "[1]" above, it suffices that the opportunity to appear before the Disciplinary Committee be given two or more times by way of written summons; it is not necessarily required that the notice of appearance be served two or more times in the course of the summons procedure. Even where, in anticipation of the possibility that the teacher concerned may fail to attend the first meeting of the Disciplinary Committee, the dates, times and places of both the first and second meetings of the Disciplinary Committee are specifically designated in advance and the respective notices of appearance are served simultaneously, such method of notice is likewise permissible, unless the schedules for the two meetings are set so hastily and without any particular interval of time.

[3]
With respect to disciplinary action against teachers of private schools, only the provisions on disciplinary procedure prescribed in the Private School Act apply, and the provisions on disciplinary procedure prescribed in the Decree on Disciplinary Action against Public Educational Officials (敎育公務員懲戒令) do not apply mutatis mutandis.

Full text (English, AI translation) 7,844 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant]

[Defendant, Appellee] Educational Foundation Gukpa Hagwon (학교법인 국파학원)

[Judgment Below]

Daegu High Court Decision 92Na2159 rendered on September 17, 1992

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1.
Article 65, Paragraph 1 of the Private School Act (사립학교법) provides that "the Teacher Disciplinary Committee shall investigate the facts in hearing a disciplinary case, and shall hear the statement of the person concerned before making a disciplinary resolution: Provided, That an exception shall apply where the person fails to comply despite being summoned in writing two or more times." The purport of this provision is interpreted as guaranteeing the teacher subject to discipline an opportunity to appear before the Disciplinary Committee and make statements in his or her own favor in order to explain the alleged disciplinary grounds, while providing that if the teacher subject to discipline fails to comply despite being summoned in writing two or more times, such teacher shall be deemed to have voluntarily waived the right to make such statement, and the disciplinary resolution may then be made without a hearing of that statement.

Accordingly, in order to guarantee the above right of statement to the teacher subject to discipline, it is sufficient that the teacher be given, by means of written summons, two or more opportunities to appear before the Disciplinary Committee; it is not necessarily required that the notice of appearance be served two or more times in the course of the summoning procedure. Even where, in anticipation of the teacher's possible failure to attend the first Disciplinary Committee meeting, the dates, times, and places of both the first and second Disciplinary Committee meetings are specifically designated in advance and the respective notices of appearance are served simultaneously, such method of notice may also be deemed permissible, unless the schedules of the two committee meetings are set so closely together in time, without any interval, as to be unreasonably pressing.

The court below, in accordance with this purport, held that even though the Defendant Foundation, on July 21, 1989, served upon the Plaintiff a notice of appearance for the first Disciplinary Committee meeting to be held on the 28th of that month, and simultaneously served, in anticipation of the Plaintiff's possible failure to attend that meeting, a notice of appearance for the second Disciplinary Committee meeting to be held on August 4 of that year, this circumstance alone could not be regarded as rendering the notice of appearance before the Disciplinary Committee in this case unlawful so as to have deprived the Plaintiff of the right to make a statement prior to the disciplinary resolution. This determination by the court below is acceptable, and there is no error in the misapplication of law as alleged in the grounds of appeal. This ground of appeal is without merit.

Furthermore, in this case, where it is recognized that both the first and second notices of appearance before the Disciplinary Committee served by the Defendant Foundation upon the Plaintiff were lawfully served, the argument that the court below erred in finding that the Defendant subsequently again served the notice of appearance for the second Disciplinary Committee meeting in advance upon the Plaintiff, and that the Plaintiff received it, need not be further examined and is without merit.

2. Furthermore, the court below found that, even before the case was referred to the Disciplinary Committee in this case, the Plaintiff had, on several occasions, been informed in advance through interviews with the school principal and others that he would be disciplined unless he withdrew from the Korean Teachers and Education Workers' Union (전국교직원노동조합), and thus was well aware of the content of the disciplinary charges against him; and that neither the Private School Act nor the Articles of Incorporation of the Defendant Foundation, as they stood at the time the Plaintiff was disciplined, contained any provision requiring that a copy of the written request for disciplinary resolution be sent in advance to the person subject to discipline. In light of these circumstances, the court below determined that even though the Defendant did not attach and send a copy of the written request for disciplinary resolution when giving the Plaintiff notice of appearance before the Disciplinary Committee in this case, this fact alone could not be regarded as constituting a procedural defect rendering the disciplinary action against the Plaintiff void. Upon examining the record and the relevant statutes, this determination by the court below is also correct, and there is no error therein.

The Plaintiff's argument, premised on the fact that Article 6, Paragraph 3 of the Decree on Disciplinary Action against Public Educational Officials (교육공무원징계령), which governs the disciplinary bodies and procedures applicable to public educational officials, provides that "the person authorized to request a disciplinary resolution shall, simultaneously with the request for disciplinary resolution, send a copy of the written request for disciplinary resolution against the public educational official to the person suspected of the disciplinary offense," and that this provision applies mutatis mutandis to the disciplinary action against teachers of private schools, contends that the disciplinary procedure against the Plaintiff in this case was unlawful in that it lacked the procedure for prior notice of the grounds for discipline through service of a copy of the written request for disciplinary resolution. However, with respect to disciplinary action against teachers of private schools such as in this case, only the provisions on disciplinary procedure set forth in the Private School Act apply, and the provisions on disciplinary procedure under the aforementioned Decree on Disciplinary Action against Public Educational Officials are not to be applied mutatis mutandis.

Accordingly, the argument premised on the opposite view cannot be accepted. The precedents cited in the argument all concern cases governed by the former Public Educational Officials Act (교육공무원법) prior to its amendment, and thus are not appropriate to be invoked in this case.

3. Furthermore, upon examining the reasoning of the judgment below in light of the record, the determination that the Teacher Disciplinary Committee of the Defendant Foundation was not obligated to disclose in advance the list of disciplinary committee members even upon the request of the person subject to discipline in making a disciplinary resolution against a teacher, and that therefore there was no unlawfulness in the disciplinary procedure merely because the Defendant did not disclose the list of disciplinary committee members to the Plaintiff in advance, is acceptable; and likewise, the determination that the Plaintiff personally appeared before the Reexamination Committee held on September 1, 1989, pursuant to the Plaintiff's request for reexamination, and made sufficient statements in his own defense, is also correct in all respects. No unlawfulness such as misapprehension of facts due to insufficient deliberation or misapplication of the law concerning teacher disciplinary procedures, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, can be found. This ground of appeal is also without merit.

4. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Park Woo-dong (Presiding Justice), Justice Kim Sang-won, Justice Yoon Young-chul (Justice in Charge), Justice Park Man-ho

【판결요지】

가. 사립학교법 제65조 제1항에서 “교원징계위원회는 징계사건을 심리함에 있어서 진상을 조사하여야 하며, 징계의결을 행하기 전에 본인의 진술을 들어야 한다. 다만, 2회 이상 서면으로 소환하여도 불응한 때에는 예외로 한다”라고 한 규정의 취지는 사립학교 교원에 대한 징계절차에 있어 징계대상 교원으로 하여금 징계혐의사실에 대한 변명을 위하여 징계위원회에 출석하여 자신에게 이익되는 진술을 할 수 있는 기회를 보장하여 주되, 징계대상 교원이 서면에 의한 소환에도 불구하고 2회 이상 불응한 경우에는 진술권을 스스로 포기한 것으로 보아 진술의 청문 없이도 징계의결을 행할 수 있다고 정한 것으로 해석된다.

나. 징계대상 교원에 대한 위 “가”항의 진술권 보장을 위하여는 서면에 의한 소환방법으로 징계위원회에 출석할 기회를 2회 이상 부여하는 것으로서 족하고, 반드시 소환절차에 있어 출석통지서를 2회 이상 송달하여야 하는 것은 아니며, 미리 해당 교원이 1차의 징계위원회에 불참할 경우를 대비하여 1차와 2차의 징계위원회 개최일시와 장소를 구체적으로 지정하여 각 해당 출석통지서를 동시에 송달하더라도 양자의 위원회 개최일정이 특별히 시간적 여유를 두지 않고 촉박하게 지정고지된 경우가 아닌 한 그러한 통지방법도 무방하다.

다. 사립학교의 교원에 대한 징계에 관하여는 사립학교법에 정한 징계절차의 규정만이 적용되는 것이지 교육공무원징계령 소정의 징계절차에 관한 규정은 준용되지 않는다.

【참조조문】

가.나. 사립학교법 제65조 제1항 / 다. 교육공무원징계령 제6조 제3항

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,618자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】

【피고, 피상고인】 학교법인 국파학원

【원심판결】 대구고등법원 1992.9.17. 선고 92나2159 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 사립학교법 제65조 제1항은 “교원징계위원회는 징계사건을 심리함에 있어서 진상을 조사하여야 하며, 징계의결을 행하기 전에 본인의 진술을 들어야 한다. 다만, 2회 이상 서면으로 소환하여도 불응한 때에는 예외로 한다”라고 규정하고 있는바, 위 규정의 취지는 사립학교 교원에 대한 징계절차에 있어 징계대상 교원으로 하여금 징계혐의사실에 대한 변명을 위하여 징계위원회에 출석하여 자신에게 이익되는 진술을 할 수 있는 기회를 보장하여 주되, 만일 징계대상 교원이 서면에 의한 소환에도 불구하고 2회 이상 불응한 경우에는 그러한 진술권을 스스로 포기한 것으로 보아 그 진술의 청문 없이도 징계의결을 행할 수 있다고 정한 것으로 해석된다.

따라서 징계대상 교원에 대한 위와 같은 진술권 보장을 위하여는 서면에 의한 소환방법으로 징계위원회에 출석할 기회를 2회 이상 부여하는 것으로서 족하고, 반드시 그 소환절차에 있어 출석통지서를 2회 이상 송달하여야 하는 것만은 아니며, 미리 해당 교원이 1차의 징계위원회에 불참할 경우를 대비하여 1차와 2차의 징계위원회 개최일시와 장소를 구체적으로 지정하여 각 그 해당 출석통지서를 동시에 송달하더라도 그 양자의 위원회 개최일정이 특별히 시간적 여유를 두지 않고 촉박하게 지정고시된 경우가 아닌한, 그러한 통지방법도 무방하다고 볼 것이다.

원심이 이와 같은 취지에서, 피고 법인이 1989.7.21. 원고에게 그달 28.자 제1차 징계위원회에 출석하라는 출석통지서를 송달하면서 원고가 그 위원회에 출석하지 않을 것에 미리 대비하여 그해 8.4.자 제2차 징계위원회의 출석통지서를 함께 동시에 송달하였다고 하더라도 이러한 사정만으로 원고에 대한 이 사건 징계위원회 출석통지가 위법하게 이루어짐으로써 원고의 징계의결 전 진술권이 박탈된 것으로 볼 수 없다고 판단한 조치를 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 소론과 같은 법리오해의 위법이 있다 할 수 없다. 논지는 이유 없다.

그리고 위와 같이 피고 법인의 원고에 대한 이 사건 제1, 2차 징계위원회 출석통지서가 모두 적법하게 송달된 것으로 인정되는 이 사건에서, 원심이 피고가 그 후 재차 원고에게 위 제2차 징계위원회의 출석통지서를 사전송달하여 원고가 이를 수령하였다고 인정한 조치가 잘못이라고 주장하는 논지는 더 볼 필요 없이 이유 없는 것이다.

2. 또한 원심은, 원고가 이 사건 징계위원회에 회부되기 이전부터 여러 차례 학교장 등과의 면담을 통하여 자신이 전국교직원노동조합에서 탈퇴하지 않으면 징계될 것이라는 사실을 미리 통보받아 자신에 대한 징계혐의사실의 내용을 잘 알고 있었고, 원고를 징계할 당시의 사립학교법이나 피고 법인의 정관 어디에도 피징계자에게 징계의결요구서 사본을 미리 송부하여야 한다는 규정이 없었던 점 등에 비추어 볼 때, 비록 피고가 원고에게 이 사건 징계위원회 출석통지를 함에 있어 징계의결요구서 사본을 첨부하여 송부하지 않았다고 하더라도 그러한 사유만으로는 원고에 대한 이 사건 징계처분이 무효로 될만한 절차상의 하자가 있었다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였는바, 기록과 관계법령에 대조하여 살펴보면 원심의 위와 같은 조치도 옳고, 거기에 무슨 위법이 있다 할 수 없다.

소론은 교육공무원의 징계기관 및 징계절차를 규율하는 교육공무원징계령 제6조 제3항에 “징계의결요구권자는 징계의결요구와 동시에 교육공무원징계의결요구서 사본을 징계혐의자에게 송부하여야 한다”고 규정되어 있고, 위 규정이 사립학교의 교원에 대한 징계의 경우에도 그대로 준용됨을 전제로, 피고의 원고에 대한 이 사건 징계절차에 있어 위 징계의결요구서 사본의 송부에 의한 징계사유의 사전고지절차를 흠결한 위법이 있다고 주장하고 있으나, 이 사건과 같은 사립학교의 교원에 대한 징계에 관하여는 사립학교법에 정한 징계절차의 규정만이 적용되는 것이지 위 교육공무원징계령 소정의 징계절차에 관한 규정은 준용되지 않는 것으로 볼 것이므로, 이와 반대의 견해를 전제로 한 논지도 받아들일 수 없다. 소론이 들고 있는 판례는 모두 개정 전의 구 교육공무원법의 적용을 받는 사안에 관한 것이어서 이 사건에 원용하기에 적절한 것이 못된다.

3. 그리고 원심판결 이유를 기록에 의하여 살펴보면, 피고 법인의 교원징계위원회가 교원을 징계의결함에 있어 피징계자의 요구에 응하여 징계위원의 명단을 미리 공개할 의무까지는 없으므로 피고가 원고에게 징계위원명단을 사전공개하지 않았다 하여 징계절차상 위법이 있다고 볼 수 없다고 판단하고, 또 원고의 재심청구에 따라 1989.9.1. 개최된 재심위원회에 원고가 직접 출석하여 자기변명을 위한 충분한 진술을 하였다고 인정한 조치도 역시 모두 정당한 것으로 수긍되고, 거기에 소론과 같은 심리미진 등으로 인한 사실오인이나 교원징계절차에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 있음을 찾아 볼 수 없다. 논지도 그 이유가 없다.

4. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 박우동(재판장) 김상원 윤영철(주심) 박만호

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교원징계재심결정처분취소
93다50635 · 대법원 1994-10-25
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal from Office
94다12852 · 대법원 1994-10-14
교원해임처분무효확인
93다17690 · 대법원 1993-11-09
해임처분무효확인등

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Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)