Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 82누448

Revocation of Labor Arbitration Decision (노동중재결정처분취소)노동중재결정처분취소

Decided1982. 12. 14. Court대법원Case dismissed on procedural grounds (각하) — the lawsuit itself was ruled inadmissible without reaching the merits
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The Supreme Court held that a Labor Relations Commission's (노동위원회) review and arbitration decision on disaster compensation (재해보상) is merely advisory in nature and does not constitute an administrative disposition (행정처분), and therefore cannot be challenged through an administrative litigation (행정소송). Article 19-2 of the Labor Relations Commission Act (노동위원회법) applies only as a prerequisite exhaustion requirement for administrative litigation against Commission actions that qualify as administrative dispositions. Accordingly, the administrative lawsuit seeking to revoke the Central Labor Relations Commission's (중앙노동위원회) decision on disaster compensation was ruled improper/inadmissible.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA party sought to overturn the Central Labor Relations Commission's decision on disaster compensation by filing an administrative lawsuit.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court dismissed the case, ruling that such Commission decisions are merely advisory and not administrative dispositions subject to administrative litigation.
  • LessonDisputes over Labor Relations Commission disaster compensation decisions must be pursued through civil litigation, not administrative litigation.
Issues
  • Whether a Labor Relations Commission's review and re-examination decision on disaster compensation constitutes an administrative disposition
  • The legal nature of Article 19-2 of the Labor Relations Commission Act and its relationship to Labor Relations Commission decisions on disaster compensation
Key reasoning

Article 90 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) does not designate a Labor Relations Commission's review or arbitration decision as directly subject to administrative litigation; instead, it permits the aggrieved party to file a civil lawsuit (민사소송) in court. This structure indicates that such a decision is merely advisory in character and does not amount to a binding administrative disposition. Consequently, Article 19-2 of the Labor Relations Commission Act, which establishes a mandatory pre-litigation procedure, applies only to Commission actions that genuinely qualify as administrative dispositions—not to advisory decisions on disaster compensation. Since the decision at issue lacked the character of an administrative disposition, the administrative lawsuit filed to revoke it was procedurally improper.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[a]
Article 90 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) does not provide that a decision on examination or arbitration under Articles 88 and 89 of the same Act shall itself be subject to a lawsuit, but rather provides that a civil action may be filed regardless of the content of such examination or arbitration. In light of this, a decision of the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) on examination or arbitration concerning matters relating to disaster compensation under the Labor Standards Act is not an administrative disposition but merely an act of a recommendatory nature; while it may serve as a prerequisite for a civil action, it should not be regarded as an administrative disposition that has legal effect on the rights and obligations of the parties concerned. This reasoning applies equally to a reexamination decision by the Central Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회) on a decision of a Regional Labor Relations Commission (지방노동위원회). Therefore, an administrative litigation seeking revocation of a decision of the Central Labor Relations Commission is unlawful.

[b]
Article 19-2 of the Labor Relations Commission Act (노동위원회법), concerning actions against rulings of the Central Labor Relations Commission, should be construed as a provision concerning the requirement of prior procedure (전치요건) for filing an administrative litigation against a disposition of the Labor Relations Commission that has the nature of an administrative disposition, such as an approval by the Labor Relations Commission regarding the payment of allowances during a suspension period under Article 38 of the Labor Standards Act, or a reexamination disposition of the Central Labor Relations Commission revoking such approval, where the disposition directly affects the existence of the parties' rights to claim allowance payments. However, with respect to a claim for disaster compensation, since no binding effect on the parties is granted to the examination or arbitration by the Labor Relations Commission, the provision merely establishes a prerequisite for filing a civil action. Accordingly, a decision of the Central Labor Relations Commission on examination or arbitration concerning a claim for disaster compensation is not subject to administrative litigation.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,273 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Agricultural Development Corporation (농업진흥공사), Attorney Lee Kyung-ho, counsel for the Plaintiff

[Defendant, Appellee] Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회)

[Prior Judgment] Seoul High Court Decision 82Gu149, rendered August 10, 1982

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The Court examines the grounds of appeal submitted by the Plaintiff's attorney.

Point 1,

Article 90 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) does not provide that decisions on examination or mediation under Article 88 and Article 89 of the same Act shall be directly subject to litigation, and in light of the fact that it provides that a civil action may be filed regardless of the content of such examination or mediation, a decision by the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) on examination or mediation regarding matters of disaster compensation under the Labor Standards Act must be regarded not as an administrative disposition but as merely an act of a recommendatory nature (see this Court's Decision 66Nu52, rendered June 21, 1966). The court below, in the same vein, held that the decision on such examination or mediation—apart from constituting a prerequisite for a civil action—should not be regarded as an administrative disposition producing legal effects on the rights and obligations of the persons concerned, and that the same reasoning applies equally to a decision rendered by the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회) upon reexamination of a decision of a Regional Labor Relations Commission (지방노동위원회); accordingly, the court below dismissed as unlawful this action, which sought revocation on the premise that the decision of the National Labor Relations Commission was an administrative disposition. This measure by the court below is justly acceptable, and there is no illegality therein consisting of a misunderstanding of the legal nature of the National Labor Relations Commission as argued in the grounds of appeal.

The precedent cited in the grounds of appeal concerns a decision of the Labor Relations Commission regarding whether to pay a suspension allowance in a case where business is suspended due to a cause attributable to the employer, and is not applicable to the present case, which concerns a decision of the same Commission regarding disaster compensation.

Point 2,

According to Article 19-2 of the Labor Relations Commission Act (노동위원회법, Act No. 3352), as amended on December 31, 1980, an action against a ruling of the National Labor Relations Commission shall be filed against the Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission as the defendant ... within 15 days. The filing of an action under this Act shall not stay the execution of the ruling. The above period is prescribed as a fixed period (불변기간). The above provision must be understood as a provision concerning the prerequisite for filing an administrative action against a disposition of the Labor Relations Commission that has the nature of an administrative disposition—such as the Labor Relations Commission's approval regarding the payment of an allowance during a period of business suspension under Article 38 of the Labor Standards Act, or the reexamination disposition of the National Labor Relations Commission revoking such approval—where the result of the disposition directly affects, as between the parties concerned, whether a claim for payment of the allowance arises. However, with respect to the claim for disaster compensation at issue in this case, no binding effect upon the parties has been given to the examination or mediation of the Labor Relations Commission; it is merely prescribed as a prerequisite for filing a civil action. Accordingly, the decision on examination and mediation rendered by the National Labor Relations Commission in this case does not constitute a subject of administrative litigation falling under Article 19-2 of the above Act. The judgment of the court below, being to the same effect, is justified, and the argument criticizing the judgment of the court below from a contrary view is without merit.

Point 3,

Even assuming that, as argued in the grounds of appeal, the court below treated the disposition in this case—which was not a disposition of a Regional Labor Relations Commission as prescribed in Article 19(1) of the Labor Relations Commission Act, but rather a disposition of the Minister of Labor—as identical to a disposition of a Regional Labor Relations Commission, this may present a point of dispute as to whether the bereaved family of the deceased Kim Seung-hee went through the lawful preliminary procedure when filing the civil action for disaster compensation; however, insofar as the Defendant's disposition in this case is not an administrative disposition subject to an appeal litigation (항고소송), such a ground cannot constitute a legitimate ground for appeal. All the arguments are without merit.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal shall be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justices: Kang Woo-young (Presiding Justice), Kim Joong-seo, Lee Jung-woo, Shin Jung-cheol

【판결요지】

가. 근로기준법 제90조는 동법 제88조, 제89조에 의한 심사나 중재에 관한 결정을 직접 소송의 대상으로 규정하지 아니하였고, 그 심사중재의 내용여하를 불문하고 민사소송을 제기할 수 있다는 취지로 규정하고 있는 점으로 보아, 근로기준법상의 재해보상에 관한 사항에 대한 노동위원회의 심사나 중재에 관한 결정은 행정처분이 아니고 권고적 성질을 갖는 행위에 불과한 것으로 민사소송의 전제가 됨은 별론으로 하고 관계자의 권리의무에 법적효과를 미치는 행정처분으로 볼 것은 아니며 이와 같은 이치는 지방노동위원회의 결정에 대한 중앙노동위원회의 재심결정에 있어서도 다를 바가 없으므로 중앙노동위원회의 걸정의 취소를 구하는 행정소송은 부적법하다.

나. 중앙노동위원회의 판정에 대한 소에 관한 노동위원회법 제19조의2의 규정은 근로기준법 제38조의 규정에 의한 휴업기간 중의 수당지급에 관한 노동위원회의 승인 또는 이를 취소하는 중앙노동위원회의 재심처분과 같이 그 처분의 결과 관계 당사자들 사이에 수당지급채권의 발생여부에 대하여 직접적인 영향을 미치는 경우와 같은 행정처분의 성질을 갖는 노동위원회의 처분에 대하여 행정소송을 제기할 경우의 전치요건에 관한 규정이라 할 것이고, 재해보상의 청구에 관하여는 노동위원회의 심사 또는 중재에 당사자를 구속하는 효력을 부여한 것이 아니므로 민사소송 제기의 전제요건으로 규정하고 있음에 불과하여 재해보상청구에 관한 중앙노동위원회의 심사중재 결정은 행정소송의 대상이 되지 아니한다.

【참조조문】

가. 근로기준법 제90조 / 나. 노동위원회법 제19조의2, 근로기준법 제38조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1966.6.21. 선고 66누52 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,862자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상 고 인】 농업진흥공사 소송대리인 변호사 이경호

【피고, 피상고인】 중앙노동위원회 위원장

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1982.8.10. 선고 82구149 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고 소송비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 원고 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

제1점, 근로기준법 제90조에서 같은법 제88조, 동 제89조에 의한 심사나 중재에 관한 결정을 직접 소송의 대상으로 규정하지 아니하였고, 그 심사중재의 내용여하에 불문하고 민사소송을 제기할 수 있다는 취지로 규정하고 있는 점으로 보아, 근로기준법상의 재해보상에 관한 사항에 대한 노동위원회의 심사나 중재에 관한 결정을 행정처분이 아니고 권고적 성질을 가진 행위에 불과하다고 할 것이므로( 당원 1966.6.21. 선고 66누52 판결 참조) 원심이 같은 취지에서 위 심사나 중재에 관한 결정은 민사소송의 전제요건이 됨은 별론으로 하고 관계자의 권리의무에 법적 효과를 미치는 행정처분으로 볼 것이 아니며 이와 같은 이치는 지방노동위원회의 결정에 대하여 중앙노동위 원회의 재심에 따른 결정에 있어서도 다를바 없다하여 위 중앙노동위원회의 결정이 행정처분임을 전제로 그 취소를 구하는 이건 소를 부적법하다 하여 각하한 원심조치는 정당하게 수긍이 가고 거기에 소론과 같은 중앙노동위원회의 법적성격을 오해한 위법은 없다.

소론의 판례는 사용자의 귀책사유로 인하여 휴업하는 경우 그 휴업수당의 지급여부에 관한 노동위원회의 결정에 관한 것으로서 재해보상에 관한 동 위원회의 결정인 이 사건에는 적합한 것이 못된다.

제2점, 1980.12.31 개정된 노동위원회법(법률 제3352호) 제19조의2에 의하면 중앙노동위원회의 판정에 대한 소는 중앙노동위원회 위원장을 피고로 하여......15일이내에 제기하여야 한다. 이 법에 의한 소의 제기로 판정의 집행은 정지하지 아니한다. 위 기간은 불변기간으로 한다고 규정되어 있는바, 위와 같은 규정은 근로기준법 제38조의 규정에 의한 휴업기간 중의 수당지급에 관한 노동위원회의 승인이나, 이를 취소하는 중앙노동위원회의 재심처분과 같이 그 처분의 결과 관계당사자들 사이에 수당지급 채권의 발생여부에 대하여 직접적인 영향을 미치는 경우와 같은 행정처분의 성질을 가지는 노동위원회의처분에 대하여 행정소송을 제기할 경우의 전치요건에 관한 규정이라 할 것이고, 이건 재해보상의 청구에 관하여는 노동위원회의 심사 또는 중재에 당사자를 구속하는 효력을 부여한 것이 아니므로 민사소송 제기의 전제요건으로 규정하고 있음에 불과하여 이에 대한 중앙노동위원회의 이 사건 심사중재 결정은 위 법제19조의 2의 규정에 해당하는 행정소송의 대상이 되지 아니한다 할 것이므로 같은 취지의 원심판단은 정당하고, 반대의 견해에서 원심판결을 비난하는 논지는 이유없다.

제3점, 원심이 소론과 같이 이 사건은 노동위원회법 제19조제1항에 정한 바의 지방노동위원회의 처분을 거친 것이 아닌 노동부장관의 처분은 지방노동위원회의 처분으로 동일시 하였다 하더라도 그것은 망 김 승희의 유족이 재해보상의 민사소송을 제기하는 경우에 있어서 적법한 전치절차를 거친 여부에 이론의 사유가 될지는 몰라도 피고의 이 사건 처분이 항고소송의 대상인 행정처분이 아닌 이상, 위와 같은 사유는 적법한 상고이유가 될 수 없다. 논지는 모두 이유없다.

따라서 상고를 기각하고, 상고 소송비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 강우영(재판장) 김중서 이정우 신정철

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
93구34949 · 서울고법 1994-07-14
업무상재해인정결정취소
#2
83구1111 · 서울고법 1984-04-25
심사중재결정처분취소청구사건
#3
65구229 · 서울고법 1966-02-03
중노위판정취소청구사건
#4
97누1273 · 대법원 1997-06-27
노동쟁의중재재심결정취소
#5
66누52 · 대법원 1966-06-21
판정취소

Cases citing this decision

95누6724 · 대법원 1995-09-15
노동쟁의중재회부결정취소
93구34949 · 서울고법 1994-07-14
업무상재해인정결정취소
93누1671 · 대법원 1993-11-09
휴업지불예외승인재심판정취소
83구1111 · 서울고법 1984-04-25
심사중재결정처분취소청구사건
83가합3956 · 서울민사지법 1984-03-08
사망급여금청구사건

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)