Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94누11583

Revocation of Reexamination Ruling on Remedy for Unfair Labor Practices (부당노동행위구제재심판정취소)부당노동행위구제재심판정취소

Decided1995. 04. 28. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case involved a labor union executive who was disciplinarily dismissed after leading an illegal strike. The Korean Supreme Court ruled that occupying the workplace and halting operations for over 10 days without following the legally required procedures did not constitute legitimate union activity, and therefore the dismissal based on this conduct did not amount to an unfair labor practice (부당노동행위).

Key takeaways
  • CaseA union executive occupied the workplace and halted operations for over 10 days without following legally required strike procedures, and was subsequently disciplinarily dismissed.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that an illegal strike conducted in disregard of mandatory procedures does not qualify as legitimate union activity, so the resulting dismissal was not an unfair labor practice.
  • LessonBefore going on strike, unions must strictly comply with legal procedures, including filing a formal dispute notice and observing the mandatory cooling-off period under labor dispute adjustment laws.
Issues
  • Whether an unconfirmed (non-final) criminal judgment can be used as evidence in a labor case
  • The legal standard for determining what constitutes an unfair labor practice (부당노동행위)
  • Whether disciplinary dismissal of a leader of an illegal strike can be considered valid and lawful
Key reasoning

Under the former Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동쟁의조정법), workers seeking to strike must first file a formal notice of labor dispute and observe a mandatory 'cooling-off period' before taking industrial action. In this case, the union leader occupied the workplace and shut down operations for more than 10 days without completing these legal prerequisites. Because the strike bypassed these mandatory procedural safeguards, the Court held it could not be considered legitimate union activity protected under labor law. Consequently, disciplining or dismissing the employee for organizing this illegal strike did not qualify as retaliatory unfair labor practice, since the employer's action was based on the illegality of the strike itself rather than on protected union activity.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Using a factual determination made in a judgment to prove that fact is not prohibited, and where it is so used, the judgment shall likewise be regarded as a report document (보고문서) to that extent. The mere fact that the judgment has not become final and conclusive does not mean that it cannot be used as evidence; it is only that its credibility may become an issue.

[2] Where it is found that, although the employer dismissed an employee, the substantial reason for the dismissal was the employee's legitimate act performed for trade union business, while on its face the employer relied on other grounds for dismissal, such dismissal must be regarded as an unfair labor practice as prescribed in Article 39, Item 1 of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법). Whether the employee's legitimate act for trade union business was the substantial reason for the dismissal must be determined comprehensively by comparing and examining the grounds for dismissal asserted by the employer, the content of the legitimate act for trade union business performed by the employee, the timing of the disciplinary dismissal, the relationship between the company and the trade union, whether there was any disparity in sanctions between union members and non-union members in similar cases, and other circumstances from which the existence of an intent to commit an unfair labor practice may be inferred.

[3] Even if the order to return to the original position and the notice of disciplinary action, which were the original causes of the labor dispute, were unlawful, where the trade union, without filing a report on the occurrence of a labor dispute as required by the Labor Dispute Mediation Act (노동쟁의조정법) and without observing the cooling-off period, led a sit-in and blocked the main gate and other areas with ready-mixed concrete trucks, occupying the workplace and conducting a strike to the extent of completely suspending the company's operations for more than ten days, such act cannot be regarded as a legitimate trade union activity. The court upheld the lower court's judgment that dismissing the leader of this illegal strike did not constitute an unfair labor practice.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,330 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellee] Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission (중앙노동위원회위원장)
[Intervenor for the Defendant] Intervenor for the Defendant Co., Ltd. (Attorney Kim Yeon-ho, Counsel for the Intervenor)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 93Gu22410 rendered on August 11, 1994

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined as follows.

1. The court below found, based on the evidence, that the Plaintiff, who is the General Affairs Department Head of the labor union of the Intervenor for the Defendant, together with Non-party 1, the Acting Chairman of the labor union, and others, led an illegal strike that continued from November 4, 1992 to November 19, 1992, while demanding the revocation of the order to return to original position and the notice of disciplinary action issued by the Intervenor for the Defendant against the Plaintiff and Non-party 1, as stated in the judgment. Upon examination of the record, this fact-finding is acceptable, and there is no illegality of insufficient deliberation, omission of judgment, or violation of the rules of evidence as argued in the grounds of appeal. The argument in the grounds of appeal on this point is without merit.

2. The use of a factual determination made in a judgment document to prove that fact is not prohibited, and where such use is made, the judgment document may, to that extent, be considered a report document. The mere fact that the judgment has not become final and conclusive does not mean it cannot be used as evidence; only its credibility may be called into question (see Supreme Court Judgment 79Da1281 rendered on September 9, 1980; Supreme Court Judgment 84Hu29 rendered on July 24, 1984; Supreme Court Judgment 92Da22107 rendered on November 10, 1992, etc.).

The court below relied in part on Defendant's Exhibit No. 59, an unconfirmed guilty judgment against the Plaintiff in the criminal case concerning obstruction of business, as part of the evidence establishing the fact that the Plaintiff led the strike. Since the facts found in the said criminal judgment appear credible in light of the evidence underlying that criminal judgment, including the prosecutor-prepared suspect interrogation records of the Plaintiff and co-defendants Non-party 1 and Non-party 2, there is no error in relying on the said criminal judgment as evidence. Accordingly, the argument in the grounds of appeal on this point is without merit.

3. Where an employer dismisses an employee and it is found that, although the substantial reason for the dismissal was the employee's legitimate act performed for the business of the labor union, the employer nominally cited other grounds for dismissal, such dismissal must be regarded as an unfair labor practice as prescribed in Article 39, Item 1 of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법). Whether an employee's legitimate act for the business of the labor union constituted the substantial reason for the dismissal must be comprehensively determined by comparing and examining the grounds for dismissal asserted by the employer, the content of the employee's legitimate act for the labor union's business, the timing of the disciplinary dismissal, the relationship between the company and the labor union, whether there was disparity in sanctions imposed on union members versus non-union members in similar cases, and other circumstances from which the existence of intent to commit an unfair labor practice may be inferred (see Supreme Court Judgment 91Nu9572 rendered on February 28, 1992; Supreme Court Judgment 92Nu13035 rendered on January 15, 1993, etc.).

In line with this purpose, the court below determined that, even if the initial order to return to original position and the notice of disciplinary action issued by the Intervenor for the Defendant against the Plaintiff and others were unlawful, the Plaintiff's act of leading a sit-in, blocking the main gate and other areas with ready-mixed concrete trucks, occupying the workplace, and conducting a strike that completely suspended the company's operations for more than ten days—despite the labor union having failed to file a report on the occurrence of a labor dispute under the Labor Dispute Adjustment Act (노동쟁의조정법) and failed to observe the cooling-off period—could not be regarded as legitimate labor union activity. Therefore, the court below held that the Intervenor for the Defendant's dismissal of the Plaintiff on the grounds of, among other things, leading the illegal strike as stated in the judgment did not constitute an unfair labor practice. Although there are some inadequacies in the reasoning given for this conclusion, the conclusion itself is justified, and it cannot be said that there was an error of law in misunderstanding the legal principles concerning unfair labor practices. Accordingly, the argument in the grounds of appeal on this point is also without merit.

4. Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, with the unanimous agreement of the participating Justices.

Presiding Justice Park Man-ho
Justice Park Jun-seo
Justice Kim Hyung-seon (Justice in Charge)
Justice Lee Yong-hoon

【판결요지】

가. 판결서 중에서 한 사실판단을 그 사실을 증명하기 위하여 이용하는 것을 불허하는 것이 아니어서 이를 이용하는 경우에는 판결서도 그 한도 내에서는 보고문서라 할 것이고, 판결이 확정되지 아니한 것이라고 하여 증거로 사용될 수 없다고는 할 수 없고 다만 그 신빙성이 문제될 수 있을 뿐이다.

나. 사용자가 근로자를 해고함에 있어서 근로자의 노동조합의 업무를 위한 정당한 행위를 그 실질적인 이유로 삼았으면서도 표면적으로는 다른 해고사유를 들어 해고한 것으로 인정되는 경우에는 노동조합법 제39조 제1호에 정한 부당노동행위로 보아야 하고, 근로자의 노동조합업무를 위한 정당한 행위를 실질적인 해고사유로 한 것인지의 여부는 사용자측이 내세우는 해고사유와 근로자가 한 노동조합업무를 위한 정당한 행위의 내용, 징계해고를 한 시기, 회사와 노동조합과의 관계, 동종의 사례에 있어서 조합원과 비조합원에 대한 제재의 불균형 여부, 기타 부당노동행위 의사의 존재를 추정할 수 있는 제반 사정을 비교 검토하여 종합적으로 판단하여야 한다.

다. 당초 쟁의의 원인이 된 원직복귀명령, 징계통보가 위법한 것이라고 하더라도 노동조합이 노동쟁의조정법에 따른 쟁의행위발생신고를 하지 아니하고 냉각기간도 거치지 아니하였는데도, 농성을 주도하여 레미콘 차량으로 정문 등을 막고 사업장을 점거하면서 10여일 간 회사의 조업을 전면적으로 중단시킬 정도의 파업을 한 행위는 정당한 노동조합활동으로 볼 수 없으니 그 불법파업 주동자를 해고한 것은 부당노동행위에 해당되지 않는다고 한 원심판결을 수긍한 사례.

【참조조문】

가. 민사소송법 제187조 / 나.다. 노동조합법 제39조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1980.9.9. 선고 79다1281 전원합의체 판결, 1984.7.24. 선고 84후29 판결, 1992.11.10. 선고 92다22107 판결 / 나. 대법원 1992.2.28. 선고 91누9572 판결, 1993.1.15. 선고 92누13035 판결, 1995.3.14. 선고 94누5496 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,856자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고

【피고, 피상고인】 중앙노동위원회위원장

【피고보조참가인】 피고보조참가인 주식회사 (소송대리인 변호사 김연호)

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1994.8.11. 선고 93구22410 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 원심은 그 증거에 의하여 피고보조참가인 노동조합 총무부장인 원고가 노동조합 위원장 직무대리인 소외 1 등과 함께 피고보조참가인의 원고와 소외 1에 대한 그 판시 원직복귀명령과 징계통보의 취소를 요구하면서 1992.11.4.부터 11.19.까지 계속된 불법파업을 주동하였다고 인정하였는바, 기록에 의하여 살펴보면 이러한 사실인정은 수긍이 가고 거기에 상고이유로 주장하는 심리미진이나 판단유탈 또는 채증법칙 위배의 위법은 없다. 이에 관한 상고이유의 주장은 이유 없다.

2. 판결서 중에서 한 사실판단을 그 사실을 증명하기 위하여 이용하는 것을 불허하는 것이 아니어서 이를 이용하는 경우에는 판결서도 그 한도 내에서는 보고문서라 할 것이고, 판결이 확정되지 아니한 것이라고 하여 증거로 사용될 수 없다고는 할 수 없고 다만 그 신빙성이 문제될 수 있을 뿐이다(대법원 1980.9.9. 선고 79다1281 판결; 1984.7.24. 선고 84후29 판결; 1992.11.10. 선고 92다22107 판결 등 참조).

원심은 원고에 대한 업무방해 피고 사건에 대한 미확정 유죄판결인 을 제59호증을 원고가 파업을 주동하였다는 사실을 인정하는 증거의 일부로 삼고 있는바, 위 형사판결의 기초가 된 검사 작성의 원고 및 공동 피고인인 소외 1, 소외 2에 대한 각 피의자신문조서 등의 증거에 의하여 위 형사판결에서 인정한 사실은 신빙성이 있다고 보여지므로 위 형사판결을 증거로 삼은데에 잘못이 있다고 할 수 없어 이 점에 관한 상고이유의 주장은 이유 없다.

3. 사용자가 근로자를 해고함에 있어서 근로자의 노동조합의 업무를 위한 정당한 행위를 그 실질적인 이유로 삼았으면서도 표면적으로는 다른 해고사유를 들어 해고한 것으로 인정되는 경우에는 노동조합법 제39조 제1호에 정한 부당노동행위로 보아야 할 것이고, 근로자의 노동조합업무를 위한 정당한 행위를 실질적인 해고사유로 한 것인지의 여부는 사용자측이 내세우는 해고사유와 근로자가 한 노동조합업무를 위한 정당한 행위의 내용, 징계해고를 한 시기, 회사와 노동조합과의 관계, 동종의 사례에 있어서 조합원과 비조합원에 대한 제재의 불균형 여부, 기타 부당노동행위 의사의 존재를 추정할 수 있는 제반 사정을 비교 검토하여 종합적으로 판단하여야 할 것이다(대법원 1992.2.28. 선고 91누9572 판결; 1993.1.15. 선고 92누13035 판결 등 참조).

원심이 이러한 취지에서 피고보조참가인의 원고 등에 대한 당초의 원직복귀명령과 징계통보가 위법한 것이라고 하더라도 노동조합이 노동쟁의조정법에 따른 쟁의행위발생신고를 하지 아니하고 냉각기간도 거치지 아니하였는데도 원고가 농성을 주도하여 레미콘 차량으로 정문 등을 막고 사업장을 점거하면서 10여일 간 회사의 조업을 전면적으로 중단시킬 정도의 파업을 한 행위는 정당한 노동조합활동으로 볼 수 없으니 피고보조참가인이 원고를 그 판시 불법파업주동 등을 사유로 하여 원고를 해고한 것은 부당노동행위에 해당되지 않는다고 판단한 것은 그 이유 설시에 있어서 다소 적절하지 못한 점이 있기는 하나 결론은 정당하고 거기에 부당노동행위의 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다고 볼 수 없으므로 이 점에 관한 상고이유의 주장도 이유 없다.

4. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하기로 관여 법관들의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 박만호(재판장) 박준서 김형선(주심) 이용훈

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
82누334 · 대법원 1983-12-13
부당노동행위의구제신청에 대한재심신청판정취소
#2
92누13035 · 대법원 1993-01-15
Revocation of Reexamined Ruling on Remedy for Unfair Labor P
#3
92누11176 · 대법원 1994-02-22
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme
#4
99두5740 · 대법원 1999-09-17
부당노동행위등구제재심판정취소
#5
90누3683 · 대법원 1990-11-27
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme

Cases citing this decision

97누18035 · 대법원 1998-12-23
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme
96누10188 · 대법원 1998-02-10
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme
96누4220 · 대법원 1997-03-28
Revocation of Reexamination Decision on Remedy for Unfair La
95누16738 · 대법원 1996-09-10
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme
95누9792 · 대법원 1995-11-07
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)