Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2017다52712

Wages [Case concerning whether performance-based annual pay (업적연봉) qualifies as ordinary wages (통상임금), and whether claiming additional statutory allowances calculated by including performance-based annual pay in ordinary wages violates the good faith principle (신의성실원칙)]임금[업적연봉 등이 통상임금에 해당되는지, 업적연봉을 통상임금에 포함하여 계산한 추가 법정수당의 지급청구가 신의칙에 반하는지 쟁점이 된 사건]

Decided2021. 06. 10. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Office workers at GM Korea, an automobile manufacturer, filed a claim for additional statutory allowances, arguing that their performance-based annual pay (업적연봉) should be included in the calculation of ordinary wages (통상임금). The Supreme Court ruled that the performance-based annual pay did indeed qualify as ordinary wages, and that the workers' claim for additional allowances based on this did not violate the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙). The key factor was that there was no labor-management agreement or established practice excluding performance-based annual pay from ordinary wages. The workers won the case.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Office workers at GM Korea filed a claim for additional statutory allowances, arguing that performance-based annual pay should be included in ordinary wages.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that since no labor-management agreement excluded performance-based annual pay from ordinary wages, it must be included, and the workers' claim for additional allowances was legitimate.
  • LessonLesson: When introducing an annual salary system, employers must secure a clear and explicit labor-management agreement if they intend to exclude certain pay items from ordinary wages.
Issues
  • Whether performance-based annual pay (업적연봉) qualifies as ordinary wages (통상임금)
  • Whether claiming additional statutory allowances calculated by including performance-based annual pay in ordinary wages violates the good faith principle (신의성실원칙)
Key reasoning

The Court found that no labor-management agreement or customary practice existed that excluded performance-based annual pay from the calculation of ordinary wages. When the annual salary system was introduced, the company had only obtained individual employees' consent rather than reaching a genuine agreement through labor-management negotiation. Without such a clear exclusionary agreement, there was no valid basis to exclude performance-based annual pay from ordinary wages. Consequently, the workers' claim for additional statutory allowances calculated on this basis did not violate the good faith principle, since employers cannot rely on this doctrine to escape wage obligations they failed to properly negotiate or agree upon in advance.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where the content of a labor-management agreement, such as a collective agreement, is invalid because it violates a mandatory provision of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), if such invalidity is rejected on the ground that asserting it constitutes an exercise of rights in violation of the principle of good faith (hereinafter “the principle of good faith”), the legislative purpose of the mandatory provision would be undermined; therefore, in principle, such an assertion cannot be deemed to violate the principle of good faith. However, only in exceptional cases where the general requirements for applying the principle of good faith are met and there exist special circumstances warranting the priority application of the principle of good faith notwithstanding the mandatory nature of the Labor Standards Act provision, may the assertion of invalidity of such labor-management agreement be deemed impermissible as violating the principle of good faith.

Where labor and management have consulted and agreed to exclude regular bonuses from the calculation basis for ordinary wages on the premise that regular bonuses do not constitute ordinary wages, and have set wage levels on that basis, it may violate the principle of good faith for an employee to add the regular bonus to the ordinary wage and, on that basis, claim additional statutory allowances, thereby imposing an excessive financial burden on the employer that causes serious managerial difficulties or threatens the survival of the enterprise. However, with respect to wages for which there is no labor-management agreement to exclude them from ordinary wages, even if an employee adds such wages to the ordinary wage and, on that basis, claims additional statutory allowances, this cannot be deemed to violate the principle of good faith.

[2] In a case where it was at issue whether it violated the principle of good faith for Eul et al., office workers of Gap Co., Ltd., a company engaged in the automobile manufacturing business, to seek payment of additional statutory allowances calculated by including performance-based annual pay (업적연봉) in ordinary wages, the court held as follows: although the performance-based annual pay originated from the former regular bonus, considering Gap Company’s wage system, the structure for determining the amount to be paid, the method of payment, and other factors, it is difficult to view it as identical to the regular bonus; the performance-based annual pay was introduced together with the implementation of an annual salary system for office workers, and the implementation of the annual salary system, including the performance-based annual pay, was carried out by obtaining individual consent from office workers, without any labor-management consultation in that regard; and at the time, the office workers, including Eul et al., were not even members of a labor union. In light of these circumstances, it cannot be found that there existed a labor-management agreement to exclude the performance-based annual pay from ordinary wages, nor can it be found that there existed any labor-management practice or implicit agreement to that effect. The Supreme Court upheld the lower court’s determination that the claim of Eul et al. did not violate the principle of good faith.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,868 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] As indicated in the list of plaintiffs in the attached Appendix. (Attorneys-at-law of Jeongse Law Firm, Jeong Gi-jong and 2 others, as legal representatives of the plaintiffs)

[Defendant, Appellant] GM Korea Co., Ltd. (Attorneys-at-law Kim Won-jeong and 2 others, as legal representatives of the defendant)

[Remand Judgment] Supreme Court Decision 2013Da69705 Decided November 26, 2015

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal (including the supplementary briefs on grounds of appeal submitted after the expiration of the period for submission of grounds of appeal, to the extent they supplement the original grounds) are examined as follows.

1. Whether the payments constitute ordinary wages (Ground of Appeal No. 5)

The court below determined that the performance-based annual salary (업적연봉), the research investigation allowance/organization management allowance, and the portion of the family allowance paid for the employee himself/herself, which were paid by the Defendant, constitute ordinary wages paid as consideration for prescribed work, on the ground that, among other reasons, the payment thereof becomes fixed merely upon the employee's provision of prescribed work.

The judgment of the court below is in accordance with the purport of the Supreme Court's remand judgment and is justifiable, and there is no error of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning ordinary wages, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

2. Whether there was a violation of the principle of good faith (Grounds of Appeal Nos. 1 through 4)

A. Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Act (민법) provides, with respect to the principle of good faith and fair dealing (hereinafter "the principle of good faith"), that "the exercise of rights and the performance of obligations shall be done in good faith." The principle of good faith is an abstract norm requiring that parties to a legal relationship, out of consideration for the interests of the other party, must not exercise rights or perform obligations in a manner or content that is inequitable or betrays trust, and it functions as a general principle permeating the entire legal order. In order to deny the exercise of a right on the ground that it violates the principle of good faith, it must be the case that trust was provided to the other party, or that the other party was, objectively speaking, in a position where such trust was justified, and the exercise of the right in violation of such trust of the other party must reach a degree that cannot be tolerated in light of the concept of justice (see Supreme Court Decisions 2003Da2390, 2406, Decided April 22, 2003; 2009Da68941, Decided February 10, 2011, etc.).

Where the content of a labor-management agreement such as a collective agreement (단체협약) is null and void as being in violation of a mandatory provision of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), if an assertion of such invalidity were rejected on the ground that it constitutes an exercise of rights in violation of the principle of good faith, this would result in undermining the legislative purpose of the mandatory provision; therefore, as a matter of principle, such an assertion cannot be deemed to violate the principle of good faith. However, it is the position taken in precedent that only in the exceptional case where the general requirements for applying the principle of good faith are satisfied and there exist special circumstances warranting the application of the principle of good faith in priority notwithstanding the mandatory nature of the Labor Standards Act, an assertion of the invalidity of such a labor-management agreement is not permitted as it violates the principle of good faith (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 2012Da89399, Decided December 18, 2013).

Where labor and management, through consultation, have agreed to exclude regular bonuses from the calculation basis for ordinary wages on the premise that regular bonuses do not constitute ordinary wages, and have determined the wage level on that basis, it may violate the principle of good faith for an employee to add the regular bonus to the ordinary wage and, on that basis, claim payment of additional statutory allowances, thereby imposing an excessive financial burden on the employer that causes serious managerial difficulties or jeopardizes the survival of the enterprise (see the above Supreme Court en banc Decision 2012Da89399). However, with respect to wages for which there is no labor-management agreement to exclude them from ordinary wages, even if an employee adds such wages to the ordinary wage and, on that basis, claims payment of additional statutory allowances, this cannot be deemed to violate the principle of good faith.

B. The court below rejected the Defendant's assertion that the Plaintiffs' claim for payment of additional statutory allowances, made by including the performance-based annual salary in ordinary wages, violates the principle of good faith, on the following grounds.

Although the performance-based annual salary originated from the previous regular bonus, considering the Defendant company's wage system, the structure for determining the amount to be paid, and the method of payment, it is difficult to regard it as identical to the regular bonus. The performance-based annual salary was introduced together with the implementation of an annual salary system targeting office workers, and the implementation of the annual salary system, including the performance-based annual salary, proceeded only by way of obtaining individual consent from office workers, without any labor-management consultation in this regard; and in light of circumstances such as the fact that the office workers, including the Plaintiffs, were not even members of a labor union at the time, it cannot be found that there exists a labor-management agreement excluding the performance-based annual salary from ordinary wages. Nor can it be found that there exists a labor-management practice or implied agreement excluding the performance-based annual salary from ordinary wages.

Examining the reasoning of the judgment of the court below in light of the legal principles set forth above and the record, there is no error in the judgment of the court below of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the principle of good faith, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Conclusion

The Defendant's appeal is without merit and is therefore dismissed in its entirety, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. It is so decided by the unanimous opinion of the Justices as set forth in the Order.

[Appendix] List of Plaintiffs: Omitted

Justices No Jeong-hee (Presiding Justice), Kim Jae-hyeong (Justice in Charge), Ahn Cheol-sang, Lee Heung-gu

【판결요지】

[1] 단체협약 등 노사합의의 내용이 근로기준법의 강행규정을 위반하여 무효인 경우에, 그 무효를 주장하는 것이 신의성실의 원칙(이하 ‘신의칙’이라 한다)에 위배되는 권리의 행사라는 이유로 이를 배척한다면 강행규정으로 정한 입법 취지를 몰각시키는 결과가 될 것이므로, 그러한 주장은 신의칙에 위배된다고 볼 수 없음이 원칙이다. 다만 신의칙을 적용하기 위한 일반적인 요건을 갖추고 근로기준법의 강행규정성에도 불구하고 신의칙을 우선하여 적용할 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 예외적인 경우에 한하여 그 노사합의의 무효를 주장하는 것은 신의칙에 위배되어 허용될 수 없다.

노사가 협의하여 정기상여금은 통상임금에 해당하지 않는다는 것을 전제로 정기상여금을 통상임금 산정 기준에서 제외하기로 합의하고 이에 기초하여 임금수준을 정한 경우, 근로자가 정기상여금을 통상임금에 가산하고 이를 토대로 추가적인 법정수당의 지급을 청구함으로써 사용자에게 과도한 재정적 부담을 지워 중대한 경영상 어려움을 초래하거나 기업의 존립을 위태롭게 하는 것은 신의칙에 반할 수 있다. 그러나 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사합의가 없는 임금에 대해서는 근로자가 이를 통상임금에 가산하고 이를 토대로 추가적인 법정수당의 지급을 청구하더라도 신의칙에 반한다고 볼 수 없다.

[2] 자동차 제조업을 영위하는 甲 주식회사의 사무직 근로자인 乙 등이 업적연봉을 통상임금에 포함하여 산정한 추가 법정수당의 지급을 구하는 것이 신의성실의 원칙에 반하는지 문제 된 사안에서, 업적연봉은 기존의 정기상여금에서 유래한 것이기는 하나, 甲 회사의 임금체계, 지급액 결정 구조, 지급 방법 등을 고려하면, 이를 정기상여금과 동일한 것으로 보기 어렵고, 업적연봉은 사무직 근로자를 대상으로 한 연봉제의 시행과 함께 도입되었는데, 업적연봉을 포함한 연봉제의 시행은 사무직 근로자의 개별적 동의를 받는 방식으로 진행되었을 뿐 이와 관련한 노사 간 협의가 존재하지 않았고, 당시 乙 등을 포함한 사무직 근로자들은 노동조합에 가입되어 있지도 않았던 사정 등에 비추어 보면, 업적연봉을 통상임금에서 제외하는 노사합의가 존재한다고 볼 수 없고, 그러한 노사관행이나 묵시적 합의가 있는 것으로 볼 수도 없다는 이유로 乙 등의 청구가 신의성실의 원칙에 반한다고 볼 수 없다고 한 원심판단을 수긍한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 민법 제2조 제1항, 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 제56조, 제60조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

[2] 민법 제2조 제1항, 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제15조, 제56조, 제60조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결(공2014상, 236)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,289자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 별지 원고 명단 기재와 같다. (소송대리인 법무법인 정세 담당변호사 정기종 외 2인)

【피고, 상고인】 한국지엠 주식회사 (소송대리인 변호사 김원정 외 2인)

【환송판결】 대법원 2015. 11. 26. 선고 2013다69705 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

【이 유】상고이유(상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 다음 제출된 상고이유보충서 등은 이를 보충하는 범위에서)를 판단한다.

1. 통상임금 해당 여부(상고이유 제5점)

원심은, 피고가 지급한 업적연봉, 조사연구수당ㆍ조직관리수당, 가족수당 중 본인분은 근로자가 소정근로를 제공하기만 하면 그 지급이 확정된 것이라는 등의 이유로 소정근로의 대가로 지급되는 통상임금에 해당한다고 판단하였다.

원심판결은 대법원 환송판결의 취지에 따른 것으로서 정당하고, 상고이유 주장과 같이 통상임금에 관한 법리를 오해한 잘못이 없다.

2. 신의성실의 원칙 위배 여부(상고이유 제1 내지 4점)

가. 민법 제2조 제1항은 신의성실의 원칙(이하 ‘신의칙’이라 한다)에 관하여 "권리의 행사와 의무의 이행은 신의에 좇아 성실히 하여야 한다."라고 정하고 있다. 신의칙은 법률관계의 당사자가 상대방의 이익을 배려하여 형평에 어긋나거나 신의를 저버리는 내용 또는 방법으로 권리를 행사하거나 의무를 이행해서는 안 된다는 추상적 규범으로서 법질서 전체를 관통하는 일반 원칙으로 작용하고 있다. 신의칙에 반한다는 이유로 권리의 행사를 부정하기 위해서는 상대방에게 신뢰를 제공하였다거나 객관적으로 보아 상대방이 신뢰를 하는 데 정당한 상태에 있어야 하고, 이러한 상대방의 신뢰에 반하여 권리를 행사하는 것이 정의관념에 비추어 용인될 수 없는 정도의 상태에 이르러야 한다(대법원 2003. 4. 22. 선고 2003다2390, 2406 판결, 대법원 2011. 2. 10. 선고 2009다68941 판결 등 참조).

단체협약 등 노사합의의 내용이 근로기준법의 강행규정을 위반하여 무효인 경우에, 그 무효를 주장하는 것이 신의칙에 위배되는 권리의 행사라는 이유로 이를 배척한다면 강행규정으로 정한 입법 취지를 몰각시키는 결과가 될 것이므로, 그러한 주장은 신의칙에 위배된다고 볼 수 없음이 원칙이다. 다만 신의칙을 적용하기 위한 일반적인 요건을 갖추고 근로기준법의 강행규정성에도 불구하고 신의칙을 우선하여 적용할 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 예외적인 경우에 한하여 그 노사합의의 무효를 주장하는 것은 신의칙에 위배되어 허용될 수 없다는 것이 판례의 태도이다(대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결 참조).

노사가 협의하여 정기상여금은 통상임금에 해당하지 않는다는 것을 전제로 정기상여금을 통상임금 산정 기준에서 제외하기로 합의하고 이에 기초하여 임금수준을 정한 경우, 근로자가 정기상여금을 통상임금에 가산하고 이를 토대로 추가적인 법정수당의 지급을 청구함으로써 사용자에게 과도한 재정적 부담을 지워 중대한 경영상 어려움을 초래하거나 기업의 존립을 위태롭게 하는 것은 신의칙에 반할 수 있다(위 대법원 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결 참조). 그러나 통상임금에서 제외하기로 하는 노사합의가 없는 임금에 대해서는 근로자가 이를 통상임금에 가산하고 이를 토대로 추가적인 법정수당의 지급을 청구하더라도 신의칙에 반한다고 볼 수 없다.

나. 원심은 다음과 같은 이유로 업적연봉을 통상임금에 포함시켜 추가 법정수당의 지급을 구하는 원고들의 청구가 신의칙에 반한다는 피고의 주장을 배척하였다.

업적연봉은 기존의 정기상여금에서 유래한 것이기는 하나, 피고 회사의 임금체계, 지급액 결정 구조, 지급 방법 등을 고려하면, 이를 정기상여금과 동일한 것으로 보기 어렵다. 업적연봉은 사무직 근로자를 대상으로 한 연봉제의 시행과 함께 도입되었는데, 업적연봉을 포함한 연봉제의 시행은 사무직 근로자의 개별적 동의를 받는 방식으로 진행되었을 뿐 이와 관련한 노사 간 협의가 존재하지 않았고, 당시 원고들을 포함한 사무직 근로자들은 노동조합에 가입되어 있지도 않았던 사정 등에 비추어 보면, 업적연봉을 통상임금에서 제외하는 노사합의가 존재한다고 볼 수 없다. 업적연봉을 통상임금에서 제외하는 노사관행이나 묵시적 합의가 있는 것으로 볼 수도 없다.

원심판결 이유를 위에서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심판결에 상고이유 주장과 같이 신의칙에 관한 법리를 오해한 잘못이 없다.

3. 결론

피고의 상고는 이유 없어 이를 모두 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자가 부담하도록 하여, 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

[별지] 원고명단: 생략

대법관 노정희(재판장) 김재형(주심) 안철상 이흥구

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