Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2017다7170

Wages, etc.임금등

Decided2020. 07. 09. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

In a case where employees of SsangYong Motor sought additional statutory allowances by including their regular bonus (정기상여금) in the calculation of ordinary wages (통상임금), the Supreme Court dismissed the employees' claim. The Court found that, given the company's severe financial difficulties and the substantial additional financial burden the claim would impose, allowing it would violate the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙).

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Employees of SsangYong Motor sought approximately KRW 20 billion in additional annual statutory allowances by arguing that their regular bonus should be included in the calculation of ordinary wages (통상임금).
  • OutcomeResult: The Court dismissed the claim, ruling that given the company's ongoing financial losses and prior labor-management agreements on cost reduction, granting the claim would violate the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙).
  • LessonLesson: Even in claims to recalculate ordinary wages (통상임금), the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙) may apply, taking into account the company's financial situation and prior agreements between labor and management.
Issues
  • Whether a claim for additional statutory allowances, calculated by including regular bonuses in ordinary wages (통상임금), violates the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙)
  • Whether various allowances (bonus overtime allowance, system improvement overtime allowance, group pension insurance premiums, etc.) qualify as part of ordinary wages (통상임금)
  • The limits of a court's duty to clarify (석명권) issues during litigation
Key reasoning

The additional amount the company would have had to pay was estimated at approximately KRW 20 billion per year. Since 2008, the company had been continuously operating at a loss, and labor and management had previously agreed to cost-cutting measures during this difficult period. Considering these circumstances together, the Court found that granting the employees' claim would provide them with an unexpected windfall while pushing the company into serious financial crisis. Therefore, the claim was held to violate the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙), which requires that legal rights not be exercised in a way that causes excessive and unforeseen harm to the other party, especially where there had been a prior mutual understanding on cost management.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,960 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 4 others (Attorney Eum Jang-bok, Counsel for the plaintiffs)
[Plaintiffs, Appellants and Appellees] Plaintiff 6 and 7 others (Attorney Eum Jang-bok, Counsel for the plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellee and Appellant] SsangYong Motor Company (Attorneys Lee Je-ho and 1 other, Counsel for the defendant)
[Lower Court Judgment] Seoul High Court Decision 2016Na3654 dated January 25, 2017

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. Each party shall bear its own costs of appeal.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal (including the supplementary brief on grounds of appeal submitted after the deadline for submission of the brief on grounds of appeal, to the extent that it supplements the grounds of appeal) are examined as follows.

1. As to the Plaintiffs' Grounds of Appeal

A. Grounds of Appeal Nos. 1 through 4

The court below determined, for the reasons stated in its judgment, that the bonus O/T allowance, the system improvement O/T allowance, the group personal pension insurance premium, the group accident insurance premium, the holiday gift expenses, the outing expenses, the athletic meet-related expenses, the performance points, and the research performance incentive do not constitute ordinary wages.

Upon examination of the record in light of the relevant legal principles, the above determination of the court below does not contain any error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, such as failing to conduct the necessary examination and thereby exceeding the limits of free evaluation of evidence in violation of the rules of logic and experience, or misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the fixedness requirement and the requirement of being employed on the payment date in relation to ordinary wages.

B. Ground of Appeal No. 5

The court below, citing the legal principle set forth in the en banc Decision 2012Da89399 of the Supreme Court delivered on December 18, 2013, regarding the circumstances under which a claim for additional statutory allowances, made on the basis of adding regular bonuses to ordinary wages, becomes unacceptable as being contrary to the good faith principle, determined, as stated in its judgment, that in light of the following circumstances comprehensively considered: (1) considering the labor-management agreement concluded between the Defendant's labor and management on December 16, 2013, if bonuses were included in ordinary wages, the estimated additional burden that the Defendant would have to pay to technical employees would amount to approximately KRW 20 billion or more per year from 2010 to 2012; (2) the Defendant continued to incur significant deficits from 2008 through 2015, and around 2009, the Defendant's very existence was in jeopardy; and (3) the Defendant's labor and management agreed, from 2009, to freeze base pay, partially forgo bonuses, and not pay welfare-related benefits for the Defendant's employees, thereby attempting to overcome the Defendant's crisis by reducing various costs during the claim period at issue in this case; that if the Defendant were ordered to pay the statutory allowances and retirement benefits related to bonuses, the Plaintiffs would obtain unexpected benefits exceeding the wage level originally agreed upon, while the Defendant would incur unforeseen new financial expenditures, thereby falling into serious managerial difficulties, and therefore the Plaintiffs' above claim is contrary to the good faith principle.

Upon examination of the record in light of the relevant legal principles, the above determination of the court below does not contain any error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, such as failing to conduct the necessary examination and thereby exceeding the limits of free evaluation of evidence in violation of the rules of logic and experience, or misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the good faith principle in relation to a claim for additional statutory allowances based on adding bonuses to ordinary wages.

C. Ground of Appeal No. 6

The court below, with respect to the claim of Plaintiff 1, Plaintiff 3, Plaintiff 4, Plaintiff 5, Plaintiff 7, Plaintiff 8, and Plaintiff 12 for the difference in the interim settlement retirement benefits recalculated by including the holiday gift expenses, outing expenses, athletic meet unity expenses, athletic meet meal expenses, athletic meet compensation (overtime work), athletic meet uniform expenses, group personal pension insurance premium, and group accident insurance premium in the average wage, rejected this portion of the claim because, as the attorney for the Plaintiffs submitted a brief stating, in effect, that "although there is a portion that increases as the above allowances are included in the average wage, since the amount is minor, that amount is not claimed," and that "if based on the Excel data submitted by the Plaintiffs, the defect in the calculation of the group personal pension insurance premium and group accident insurance premium at the first instance is cured," and that "the group personal pension insurance premium has already been recognized by the Defendant as part of the average wage, and thus there is no portion by which the average wage increases due to this," and, as calculated in accordance with the above Plaintiffs' assertions, there was no difference in the interim settlement retirement benefits arising from the recognition of the above allowances as part of the average wage.

Upon examination of the record in light of the relevant legal principles, the above determination of the court below does not contain any error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, such as failing to conduct the necessary examination and thereby exceeding the limits of free evaluation of evidence in violation of the rules of logic and experience, or misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the calculation of retirement benefits.

2. As to the Defendant's Grounds of Appeal

In relation to the claim for additional statutory allowances arising from the recalculation of ordinary wages, the Plaintiffs submitted, before the court below, a storage medium (CD) containing an electronic file stating the amount of increase in statutory allowances that would arise if the specific allowance items asserted by the Plaintiffs were recognized as ordinary wages, and the Defendant's attorney stated at the third oral argument date before the court below that there was no dispute as to the method of calculation and the amount in the above electronic file.

The court below, having found that the Defendant did not dispute that, if the allowances at issue in this case were recognized as ordinary wages as asserted by the Plaintiffs, the unpaid statutory allowances as asserted by the Plaintiffs would arise, calculated the unpaid statutory allowances according to whether or not the allowances at issue in this case were recognized as ordinary wages.

Upon examination of the record in light of the relevant legal principles, if the Plaintiffs submitted data concerning the amount of increase in statutory allowances, including the annual leave allowance, that would arise if the allowance items at issue in this case were recognized as ordinary wages, and the Defendant did not dispute that amount of increase, it can be found that a judicial admission was established at least as to that amount (the court below did not treat even the method of calculation as being subject to the admission); therefore, there is no error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, in misunderstanding the legal principles concerning judicial admission and the method of calculating the amount of the annual leave allowance, or in omitting judgment.

The exercise of the court's power to clarify (right of explanation) consists in pointing out, where there is a contradiction or an incompleteness or ambiguity in a party's assertions, such matters and giving the party an opportunity to correct or supplement them, and in urging the submission of evidence concerning disputed facts; an act of suggesting and encouraging the submission of requisite facts concerning a legal effect not asserted by the party, or an independent means of attack or defense, violates the principle of party presentation (the principle that the parties control the scope of the litigation) and exceeds the limits of the exercise of the power to clarify (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2000Da19526 delivered on October 10, 2000). This portion of the judgment of the court below does not contain any error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, such as insufficient examination due to the failure to exercise the power to clarify.

3. Conclusion

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by each party, and it is so decided as per the Order with the unanimous consent of the participating Justices.

Justice Roh Tae-ak (Presiding Justice), Kim Jae-hyung, Min Yu-sook (Justice in charge), Lee Dong-won

【참조조문】

[1] 근로기준법 제2조 제1항 제5호, 제6호, 제56조, 근로기준법 시행령 제6조 제1항, 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조, 민법 제2조 제1항

[2] 민사소송법 제136조, 제203조

【참조판례】

[2] 대법원 2000. 10. 10. 선고 2000다19526 판결(공2000하, 2302)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,028자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 4인 (소송대리인 변호사 음장복)

【원고, 상고인 겸 피상고인】 원고 6 외 7인 (소송대리인 변호사 음장복)

【피고, 피상고인 겸 상고인】 쌍용자동차 주식회사 (소송대리인 변호사 이제호 외 1인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2017. 1. 25. 선고 2016나3654 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 각자가 부담한다.

【이 유】상고이유(상고이유서 제출기간이 지난 후에 제출된 상고이유보충서의 내용은 상고이유를 보충하는 범위 내에서)를 판단한다.

1. 원고들의 상고이유에 대하여

가. 상고이유 제1 내지 4점

원심은 그 판시와 같은 이유로 상여 O/T수당, 제도개선 O/T수당, 단체개인연금보험료, 단체상해보험료, 명절선물비, 야유회비, 체육대회 관련 비용, 업적포인트, 연구업적 인센티브가 통상임금에 해당하지 않는다고 판단하였다.

관련 법리에 따라 기록을 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 필요한 심리를 다하지 않은 채 논리와 경험의 법칙을 위반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나거나 통상임금 관련 고정성 및 지급일 재직 요건에 관한 법리를 오해하는 등의 잘못이 없다.

나. 상고이유 제5점

원심은, 정기상여금을 통상임금에 가산하고 이를 토대로 추가적인 법정수당의 지급을 구하는 사안에서 추가 법정수당 청구가 신의칙에 위배되어 받아들일 수 없게 되는 경우에 관한 대법원 2013. 12. 18. 선고 2012다89399 전원합의체 판결의 법리를 원용한 다음, 그 판시와 같이 ① 피고 노사가 2013. 12. 16. 체결한 노사합의서를 고려하면 상여금을 통상임금에 포함시킬 경우 피고가 기능직 사원에게 지급해야 할 추가 부담액 추정치는 2010년부터 2012년까지 매년 200여 억 원 남짓한 액수가 되는 점, ② 피고는 2008년 이후 2015년까지 계속 큰 폭의 적자를 내었고, 2009년경에는 피고의 존립 자체가 위태롭기도 하였던 점, ③ 피고 노사는 2009년부터 피고 근로자들의 기본급 동결, 상여금 일부 반납, 복지성 급여 부지급에 합의하는 등 이 사건 청구기간 당시 각종 비용을 절감하여 피고의 위기를 극복하려 하였던 점 등의 사정을 종합하여 보면, 피고에게 상여금 관련 법정수당과 퇴직금 지급을 명할 경우 원고들은 당초 합의한 임금수준을 초과하는 예상외의 이익을 얻는 반면 피고는 예측하지 못한 새로운 재정적 지출을 하게 됨으로써 중대한 경영상의 어려움에 빠지게 될 것으로 보이므로, 원고들의 위 청구는 신의칙에 위반된다고 판단하였다.

관련 법리에 따라 기록을 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 필요한 심리를 다하지 않은 채 논리와 경험의 법칙을 위반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나거나 상여금을 통상임금에 가산한 추가 법정수당 청구에 있어 신의칙에 관한 법리를 오해하는 등의 잘못이 없다.

다. 상고이유 제6점

원심은, 원고 1, 원고 3, 원고 4, 원고 5, 원고7, 원고 8, 원고 12의 명절선물비, 야유회비, 체육대회 단합비, 체육대회 식비, 체육대회 보상(특근), 체육복비, 단체개인연금보험료, 단체상해보험료를 평균임금에 포함하여 재산정한 중간정산 퇴직금 차액 지급 청구에 대하여 원고들 소송대리인이 ‘위 각 수당이 평균임금에 포함됨에 따라 증가하는 부분이 발생하나 그 수액이 경미하여 해당 금원은 청구하지 않는다’거나 ‘원고들이 제출한 엑셀자료에 의한다면 제1심의 단체개인연금보험료, 단체상해보험료 계산의 하자는 치유된다’는 취지와 ‘단체개인연금보험료는 피고가 이미 평균임금으로 인정하고 있어 이로 인하여 평균임금이 증가하는 부분은 없다’는 내용 등이 담긴 준비서면을 제출함에 따라 위 원고들의 주장에 따라 계산한 결과 위 각 수당이 평균임금으로 인정됨에 따라 발생하는 중간정산 퇴직금 차액이 없자 이 부분 청구를 배척하였다.

관련 법리에 따라 기록을 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 필요한 심리를 다하지 않은 채 논리와 경험의 법칙을 위반하여 자유심증주의의 한계를 벗어나거나 퇴직금의 산정에 관한 법리를 오해하는 등의 잘못이 없다.

2. 피고의 상고이유에 대하여

통상임금 재산정에 따른 추가 법정수당 청구와 관련하여 원심에서 원고들은 주장하는 특정 수당 항목이 통상임금으로 인정될 경우 발생하는 법정수당 증가액이 기재된 전자파일이 담긴 저장매체(CD)를 제출하였고, 피고 소송대리인이 원심 3차 변론기일에서 위 전자파일의 계산방식과 금액에 대하여 다툼이 없다고 진술하였다.

원심은, 피고는 원고들의 주장과 같이 이 사건 각 수당이 통상임금에 해당한다면 원고들 주장의 미지급 법정수당이 발생하게 됨은 다투지 않는다고 본 다음 이 사건 각 수당의 통상임금 인정 여부에 따라 미지급 법정수당을 산정하였다.

관련 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원고들이 이 사건 각 수당 항목이 통상임금으로 인정될 경우 그로 인하여 발생하는 연차휴가수당을 포함하는 법정수당 증가액에 관한 자료를 제출하고, 피고가 그 증가액을 다투지 않았다면 적어도 그 금액에 관하여는 자백이 성립하였다고 볼 수 있으므로(원심이 계산방식까지 자백의 대상으로 본 것은 아니다) 거기에 상고이유 주장과 같이 자백에 관한 법리 및 연차휴가수당 액수 계산방식에 관한 법리를 오해하거나 판단누락의 잘못이 없다.

법원의 석명권 행사는 당사자의 주장에 모순된 점이 있거나 불완전ㆍ불명료한 점이 있을 때에 이를 지적하여 정정ㆍ보충할 수 있는 기회를 주고 다툼이 있는 사실에 대한 증거의 제출을 촉구하는 것을 그 내용으로 하는 것으로서 당사자가 주장하지도 아니한 법률효과에 관한 요건사실이나 독립된 공격방어방법을 시사하여 그 제출을 권유하는 행위는 변론주의의 원칙에 위배되는 것으로서 석명권 행사의 한계를 일탈하는 것이다(대법원 2000. 10. 10. 선고 2000다19526 판결 등 참조). 이 부분 원심판단에 상고이유 주장과 같이 석명권 불행사로 인한 심리미진 등의 잘못이 없다.

3. 결론

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 각자가 부담하기로 하여, 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 노태악(재판장) 김재형 민유숙(주심) 이동원

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