Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2003다264

Wages, etc.임금등

Decided2004. 11. 12. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) for further proceedings consistent with the Supreme Court's reasoning
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This Supreme Court of Korea (대법원) precedent addresses whether workers who joined a labor union under an invalid union shop agreement (유니언 숍 협정) can still be considered valid union members. The Court ruled that if a worker voluntarily expressed intent to join the union and consented to union due deductions, the worker validly acquires union membership regardless of the invalidity of the union shop agreement. The Court also held that average wage (평균임금) calculations must include all payments made continuously and regularly, and remanded the case for reapplication of the former severance pay (퇴직금) regulations to certain workers.

Key takeaways
  • CaseWorkers who joined a labor union under an invalid union shop agreement filed claims for unpaid wages and severance pay.
  • OutcomeThe Court held that workers who voluntarily joined the union and consented to dues deductions were valid union members, and that average wage calculations must include all continuously and regularly paid compensation.
  • LessonUnion membership hinges on the worker's own voluntary intent to join, and employers must ensure all regularly paid allowances are included when calculating average wage for severance pay purposes.
Issues
  • The legal effect of a union shop agreement (유니언 숍 협정) and the requirements for a valid union membership contract
  • The scope of wages that must be included in calculating average wage (평균임금)
  • The validity of unfavorable changes to work rules (취업규칙 불이익 변경) and the effect of employee consent
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, joining a union is treated as a contract formed by the worker's offer (application to join) and the union's acceptance. Therefore, even where the underlying union shop agreement is legally invalid, a worker who voluntarily manifests intent to join the union and agrees to have union dues deducted from wages still validly becomes a union member. Separately, for purposes of calculating average wage (a key figure used to determine severance pay and other benefits), all money and valuables that are paid continuously, regularly, and as a matter of employer obligation must be included in the calculation. Because the lower court failed to properly apply these principles—particularly regarding which retirement/severance pay rules applied to certain employees—the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the case.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Joining a labor union is, in principle, a contract formed by a meeting of minds consisting of an employee's offer and the union's acceptance. Therefore, if non-union members had no voluntary intent to join but were merely and unilaterally deemed to be union members as a result of union dues being collectively deducted from their wages pursuant to an invalid union shop agreement, this lacks the very declaration of intent to offer to join the union, and such fact alone cannot be regarded as having acquired union membership status. However, if it is recognized under special circumstances that non-union members, prompted by the conclusion of the union shop agreement or independently of it, formed the intent to voluntarily join the union themselves and made a declaration of intent to offer by consenting to have union dues deducted from their wages, and the union accepted this by receiving the dues, then even if the union shop agreement that served as the occasion for joining the union is invalid as constituting an unfair labor practice, it must be held that a union membership contract was formed between the employee and the union, whereby the employee lawfully acquired union membership status.

[2] The total amount of wages that forms the basis for calculating average wages includes all money and valuables paid by the employer to the employee as compensation for work, which are paid continuously and regularly to the employee and for which the employer is obligated to pay under a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약), employment rules (취업규칙), salary regulations (급여규정), employment contract, labor practice, or the like, regardless of the name by which such payment is designated.

Full text (English, AI translation) 19,359 chars

[Plaintiff (Selected Party), Appellee and Incidental Appellant (the incidental appeal is limited to the Plaintiff and Selected Parties 36, 37, and 38 listed in the attached list)] Plaintiff (Selected Party) (Law Firm Hanbit, Attorneys Ahn Byung-yong and 1 other, Counsel for the Plaintiff)

[Defendant, Appellant and Incidental Appellee] ○○○ Co., Ltd. (Law Firm Gwangjang, Attorneys Yoo Kyung-hee and 1 other, Counsel for the Defendant)

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 2000Na51461 rendered on November 26, 2002

[Order]

1. The part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss against the Plaintiff (Selected Party) and Selected Parties 36, 37, and 38 listed in the attached List of Selected Parties is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

2. A. Among the part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss regarding the delay damages owed to the Selected Parties listed as Nos. 1 through 35 in the attached List of Selected Parties, with respect to each amount stated in the "Awarded Amount" column of the attached [Comprehensive Calculation Table], the portion exceeding the amount calculated at the rate of 6% per annum from April 1, 1998 for Selected Parties 1 through 10 and 12 through 35, and from May 25, 1998 for Selected Party 11, respectively, until May 31, 2003, and at the rate of 20% per annum from the following day until full payment, is reversed, and the appeal of the said Selected Parties with respect to that portion is dismissed.

B. The remainder of the Defendant's appeal with respect to the Selected Parties listed in item A above, and the incidental appeal of the Plaintiff (Selected Party), are all dismissed.

C. The total costs of litigation and the costs of the appeal with respect to the reversed portion between the Selected Parties listed in item A above and the Defendant shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

1. A. The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence it adopted, found the following facts as stated in its judgment: that Nonparty 1 Corporation maintained retirement allowance regulations (hereinafter "former Retirement Allowance Regulations") providing that, upon retirement of its employees, the retirement allowance would be calculated by multiplying the number of years of service by one month's average wage for up to 2 years after entry, by 2 months' average wage for 3 to 5 years, and by 3 months' average wage for 6 to 20 years; that the Defendant Company, upon the privatization of Nonparty 1 Corporation, comprehensively succeeded to Nonparty 1 Corporation's business, employees, and working conditions around 1969; that around September 1970, the Defendant Company held a second Labor-Management Council meeting with the labor union and agreed to change the former Retirement Allowance Regulations, which had adopted a progressive rate system for retirement allowance payment ratios, to a flat-rate system paying one month's retirement allowance for each year of continuous service, to change the form of the labor union from the previous so-called "open shop" to a "union shop," and for the Defendant Company to collectively deduct union dues from employees' salaries and pay them to the labor union; that accordingly, the Defendant Company amended the retirement allowance regulations to the flat-rate system (hereinafter the amended regulations are referred to as the "new Retirement Allowance Regulations"), and from the October 1970 salary onward, collectively deducted union dues from the salaries of employees subject to union membership and paid them to the labor union, with the result that, whereas at the time of the aforementioned Labor-Management Council meeting around September 1970 the number of union members was only 510, less than a majority of the total 1,637 employees, by around October the total number of employees bearing union dues increased to 1,062; and that the 1971 collective agreement concluded between the Defendant Company and the labor union around January 1971 provided that the payment of retirement allowances would be governed by the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the Retirement Allowance Payment Regulations. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the union shop agreement concluded between the Defendant Company and the labor union, which at the time of the said Labor-Management Council represented less than half of the employees, constituted an unfair labor practice under Article 39, Subparagraph 2 of the former Trade Union Act (구 노동조합법) (before amendment by Act No. 3350 of December 31, 1980; hereinafter the same) then in effect, and was therefore void; and that even though a collective agreement including provisions changing the retirement allowance payment ratio in the retirement allowance regulations from a progressive rate system to a flat-rate system was concluded between the Defendant Company and the labor union after it had achieved a majority of employees based on that unfair labor practice, this could not be deemed to constitute consent to the amendment of the rules of employment by the collective decision-making method of a majority of employees; therefore, the new Retirement Allowance Regulations could not be applied to the Plaintiff (Selected Party) and Selected Parties 36, 37, and 38 (hereinafter "the said four persons including the Plaintiff"), who were employees hired before the amendment of the former Retirement Allowance Regulations, and ordered the Defendant Company to pay the difference between the retirement allowance calculated under the former Retirement Allowance Regulations and the retirement allowance already paid.

B. However, the fact-finding and determination of the court below as set forth above cannot be upheld, for the following reasons.

(1) At the time of the said Labor-Management Council meeting around September 1970, the number of union members was only 510, less than a majority of the total 1,637 employees, and thus did not represent two-thirds or more of the employees; therefore, there is no error in the court below's determination that the union shop agreement agreed upon at the said Labor-Management Council meeting constituted an unfair labor practice and was void pursuant to the provisions of Article 39, Subparagraph 2 of the former Trade Union Act then in effect.

(2) However, the act of joining a labor union is, in principle, a contract formed by the meeting of minds consisting of an offer by the employee and acceptance by the union; therefore, if non-union employees, without any voluntary intent to join, were merely unilaterally deemed to be union members as a result of the collective deduction of union dues from their salaries pursuant to a void union shop agreement, then the very declaration of intent to offer to join the union would be lacking, and such fact alone cannot be deemed to constitute acquisition of union membership status. However, if it is recognized under special circumstances that non-union employees, taking the occasion of the conclusion of the union shop agreement, or independently of the union shop agreement, made a declaration of intent to offer to join by consenting to the deduction of union dues from their salaries with the intention of voluntarily joining the union themselves, and the union accepted this by receiving the union dues, then even though the union shop agreement that provided the occasion for joining the union constitutes an unfair labor practice and is void, it must be held that a union membership contract was formed between the employee and the labor union, and that union membership status was thereby lawfully acquired. If, even in cases where such special circumstances exist, the validity of employees' subsequent union membership were uniformly denied solely on the ground that the union shop agreement is void, there would be a risk that even employees who consented to the deduction of union dues from their salaries with a voluntary intent to join would fail to be recognized as having union membership status, and if such employees were excluded, the number of union members would fail to reach a majority of the employees, resulting in the denial of the private-law effect of all legal acts performed by the labor union as a union representing a majority of the employees; this cannot but be deemed unreasonable from the standpoint of the substance of the employment relationship and legal stability.

(3) However, in light of the following circumstances ascertainable from the record: that, in accordance with the matters agreed upon at the second Labor-Management Council meeting in September 1970, the Defendant Company collectively deducted union dues from the October 1970 salary onward and paid them to the labor union, with respect to 552 employees subject to union membership who had not yet joined the union up to that time, and that thereafter the practice of collectively deducting union dues from salaries appears to have continued for a long period, yet no material can be found showing that the said 552 employees raised any objection thereto or disputed that they were not union members; that, upon the enforcement of the new Retirement Allowance Regulations converting the retirement allowance payment method to the flat-rate system, in order to protect the vested rights of employees who had entered service earlier, employees who had entered service before February 28, 1969 were treated as having retired on February 28, 1969, and their retirement allowances for the period of service prior to that date were calculated and settled under the progressive rate system, and the employees concerned appear to have received their retirement allowances without raising any particular objection; that, after the enforcement of the new Retirement Allowance Regulations and the said collective agreement, when many employees who had entered service before the conclusion of the said collective agreement retired and the Defendant Company paid them retirement allowances calculated under the flat-rate system pursuant to the new Retirement Allowance Regulations, no material can be found showing that the retirees or the labor union raised any objection prior to Nonparty 2's filing of a lawsuit for retirement allowance in 1997; that the matters agreed upon at the said Labor-Management Council meeting also included provisions favorable to employees, such as the abolition of the daily employment system and conversion to regular employee status, in exchange for lowering the retirement allowance payment ratio; and that the membership procedure of the Defendant Company's labor union has been conducted in such a way that, rather than submitting a separate membership application, an employee wishing to join consents to having union dues deducted from his or her own salary and paid to the union; when these circumstances are considered comprehensively, it is reasonable to view that the majority of employees who acquired union membership status after the conclusion of the union shop agreement at that time joined the union of their own voluntary intent, taking the occasion of the conclusion of the union shop agreement, by consenting to the deduction of union dues from their salaries. If so, the labor union which concluded the said collective agreement with the Defendant Company, providing for the payment of retirement allowances in accordance with the new Retirement Allowance Regulations changing the retirement allowance payment ratio from the progressive rate system to the flat-rate system, must be deemed to have been organized by a majority of the employees at that time; therefore, the amendment of the retirement allowance regulations, having undergone the consent of that labor union, is valid, and the new Retirement Allowance Regulations must be deemed applicable even to the said four persons including the Plaintiff, who entered service before the amendment of the retirement allowance regulations.

(4) Nevertheless, the court below concluded, solely on the ground that the said union shop agreement constituted an unfair labor practice and was void, that it was difficult to deem all employees who were thereafter deemed to have joined the union as having lawfully joined the union in a uniform manner, and further determined that, since the labor union that concluded the said collective agreement at that time did not represent a majority of the employees, the consent by the collective decision-making method of a majority of employees had not been obtained, and thus the new Retirement Allowance Regulations could not be applied to the said four persons including the Plaintiff, who entered service before the amendment of the former Retirement Allowance Regulations, and thereby upheld the claims of the said four persons including the Plaintiff for retirement allowance seeking payment of the difference between the retirement allowance calculated under the former Retirement Allowance Regulations and the retirement allowance already paid under the new Retirement Allowance Regulations. This involves a misunderstanding of the legal principles concerning union membership or a failure to exhaust the necessary examination, which affected the judgment and constitutes an unlawful error; and the argument in Ground of Appeal No. 1 pointing this out has merit.

2. The total amount of wages forming the basis for calculating average wages includes all money and valuables paid by an employer to an employee as remuneration for labor, which are continuously and regularly paid and for which the employer is obligated to pay under a collective agreement, rules of employment, wage regulations, employment contract, or labor practice, regardless of the name given thereto (see Supreme Court Decision 2003Da2758, decided June 24, 2003, among others).

The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence it adopted, found that in 1973 the Defendant Company agreed with the labor union to pay a lunch subsidy to all employees working domestically, and thereafter provided lunch in the form of goods in kind or purchase vouchers, the value of which was equivalent to KRW 75,000 per month; and, having so found, determined that the value assessed for lunch provided in the form of purchase vouchers or goods in kind, having the character of remuneration for labor, must be included in the average wage.

Examining the record in light of the foregoing legal principles, the fact-finding and determination of the court below as set forth above are justified, and there is no error therein of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning average wages as alleged in Ground of Appeal No. 2.

3. The court below rejected the argument of the said four persons including the Plaintiff that the Defendant was obligated to pay retirement allowance calculated by multiplying the number of years of service exceeding 20 years by 3 months' average wage, on the ground that there was no evidence to establish that labor and management had agreed to apply the same progressive rate as under the former Retirement Allowance Regulations even to years of service exceeding 20 years. Examining the record, this measure of the court below can be upheld as justified in its conclusion, and there is no error therein such as a failure to exhaust the necessary examination, mistake of fact in violation of the rules of evidence, or violation of the principle of party presentation, as alleged in the grounds of the incidental appeal by the said four persons including the Plaintiff.

4. However, upon examination ex officio, with respect to the portion of "the interest rate prescribed by Presidential Decree" in the main text of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the former Act on Special Cases Concerning Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법) (before amendment by Act No. 6868 of May 10, 2003), the Constitutional Court rendered a decision of unconstitutionality on April 24, 2003; and thereafter, the amended provision of the said Act and the Regulation on Statutory Interest Rate under the Main Text of Article 3, Paragraph 1 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법제3조제1항본문의법정이율에관한규정) (as amended by Presidential Decree No. 17981 of May 29, 2003), amended accordingly, provide that the statutory interest rate to be applied from June 1, 2003 onward, with respect to cases pending before the courts at the time the said amended Act came into force, shall be 20% per annum; meanwhile, since the Defendant's obligation to pay the retirement allowances in this case to the Selected Parties listed as Nos. 1 through 35 in the attached List of Selected Parties (hereinafter "the 35 Selected Parties") is a commercial obligation, and there is no material showing that any agreement was made as to a different interest rate or default interest rate, the delay damages on each retirement allowance amount awarded by the court below should have been ordered to be paid at the commercial statutory interest rate of 6% per annum up to May 31, 2003, before the said amended Act came into force, and at the rate of 20% per annum under the said amended Act from the following day until full payment. However, contrary to this, the court below applied the provisions of the law before the amendment even to the period up to May 31, 2003, and ordered the payment of delay damages at the rate of 25% per annum; as a result, the portion of the judgment below concerning the 35 Selected Parties, which erroneously applied the statutory interest rate for delay damages, contains an unlawful error that affected the judgment.

5. Accordingly, (1) the part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss against the said four persons including the Plaintiff is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below; (2) the part of the judgment below concerning the Defendant's loss against the 35 Selected Parties with respect to the claim for delay damages, exceeding the amounts set forth below, is reversed, and since this Court finds it sufficient to render judgment directly on this portion, this Court renders judgment itself as follows: the Defendant is obligated to pay to the 35 Selected Parties, with respect to each amount stated in the "Awarded Amount" column of the attached "Comprehensive Calculation Table," delay damages calculated at the rate of 6% per annum prescribed under the Commercial Act (상법), from April 1, 1998, being the day following the date of retirement or thereafter, for Selected Parties Nos. 1 through 10 and 12 through 35, and from May 25, 1998, being the day following the date of retirement of Selected Party No. 11, respectively, until May 31, 2003, and at the rate of 20% per annum prescribed under the amended Act on Special Cases Concerning Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings, from the following day until full payment; and the appeal of the said 35 Selected Parties with respect to the portion exceeding the foregoing is dismissed; and (3) the remainder of the Defendant's appeal with respect to the 35 Selected Parties and the incidental appeal of the said four persons including the Plaintiff are all dismissed. It is so ordered as stated in the Order.

Justices Byun Jae-seung (Presiding Justice), Kang Sin-uk, Park Jae-yun (Justice in Charge), Ko Hyun-cheol

【판결요지】

[1] 노동조합 가입행위는 원칙적으로 근로자의 청약과 조합의 승낙이라는 의사의 합치에 의하여 성립하는 계약이라고 할 것이므로, 비조합원들이 자발적인 가입의사가 없음에도 불구하고 무효인 유니언 숍 협정에 의하여 급여에서 노동조합비가 일괄 공제됨에 따라 일방적으로 조합원으로 간주된 것에 불과하다면 노동조합에 가입하려는 청약의 의사표시 자체가 결여된 것으로서 그러한 사실만으로 조합원의 자격을 취득하였다고는 볼 수 없을 것이나, 비조합원들이 유니언 숍 협정이 체결된 것을 계기로 또는 유니언 숍 협정과 무관하게 스스로 노동조합에 가입하려는 의사를 가지고 급여에서 노동조합비를 공제하는 것에 동의하는 방식으로 청약의 의사표시를 하고 노동조합이 조합비를 수령함으로써 이를 승낙하였다는 특별한 사정이 인정된다면, 비록 노동조합 가입의 계기가 된 유니언 숍 협정이 부당노동행위에 해당하여 무효라고 하더라도, 근로자와 노동조합 사이에 노동조합의 가입계약이 성립하고 이로써 조합원의 자격을 적법하게 취득하였다고 보아야 한다.

[2] 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 그 지급의무가 지워져 있는 것은 그 명칭 여부를 불문하고 모두 포함된다.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제5조, 제81조 제2호

[2] 근로기준법 제18조, 제19조

【참조판례】

[2] 대법원 2001. 10. 23. 선고 2001다53950 판결(공2001하, 2529), 대법원 2002. 5. 31. 선고 2000다18127 판결(공2002하, 1517), 대법원 2002. 10. 17. 선고 2002다8025 전원합의체 판결(공2002하, 2723), 대법원 2003. 4. 22. 선고 2003다10650 판결(공2003상, 1197), 대법원 2003. 6. 24. 선고 2003다2758 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 7,034자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고(선정당사자), 피상고인 겸 부대상고인(부대상고는 별지 목록 36, 37, 38 선정자 및 원고에 한함)】 원고(선정당사자) (소송대리인 법무법인 한빛 담당변호사 안병용 외 1인)

【피고, 상고인 겸 부대피상고인】 주식회사 ○○○ (소송대리인 법무법인 광장 담당변호사 유경희 외 1인)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2002. 11. 26. 선고 2000나51461 판결

【주 문】

1. 원심판결 중 원고(선정당사자)와 별지 선정자목록 36, 37, 38 기재 선정자 36, 선정자 37, 선정자 38에 대한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

2. 가. 원심판결 중 별지 선정자목록 1 내지 35 기재 선정자들의 지연손해금에 관한 피고 패소 부분 중 별지 [종합계산표]의 ‘인용액’란 기재 각 금액에 대하여 그 중 선정자 1 내지 10, 12 내지 35는 1998. 4. 1.부터, 선정자 11은 1998. 5. 25.부터, 각 2003. 5. 31.까지 연 6%, 각 그 다음날부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 20%의 각 비율에 의한 돈을 초과한 부분을 파기하고, 그 부분에 관한 위 선정자들의 항소를 기각한다.

나. 피고의 위 가.항 기재 선정자들에 대한 나머지 상고와 원고(선정당사자)의 부대상고를 모두 기각한다.

다. 위 가.항 기재 선정자들과 피고 사이의 파기 부분에 관한 소송총비용과 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

【이 유】 1. 가. 원심은 그 채용 증거를 종합하여, 소외 1 공사가 그 소속 근로자들이 퇴직할 경우, 입사 후 2년까지는 근속연수에 1개월분의 평균임금을 곱한 금액을, 3년부터 5년까지는 근속연수에 2개월분의 평균임금을, 6년부터 20년까지는 근속연수에 3개월분의 평균임금을 각 곱하여 구한 금액을 퇴직금으로 지급하는 내용의 퇴직금규정(이하 ‘구 퇴직금규정’이라 한다)을 두고 있었던 사실, 피고 회사는 소외 1 공사의 민영화에 따라 1969.경 소외 1 공사의 영업, 근로자, 근로조건 등을 포괄적으로 승계하였는데, 1970. 9.경 노동조합과 사이에 제2차 노사협의회를 열어 퇴직금지급률에 대하여 누진제를 취하고 있던 구 퇴직금규정을 1년 근속기간에 대하여 1개월분의 퇴직금을 지급하는 단수제로 변경하고, 노동조합의 형태를 종전의 이른바 오픈 숍(open shop)에서 유니언 숍(union shop)으로 변경하며, 피고 회사가 직원들의 급여에서 노동조합비를 일괄 공제하여 노동조합에 지급하기로 합의한 사실, 이에 따라 피고 회사는 퇴직금규정을 단수제로 개정하는 한편(이하 개정된 규정을 ‘신 퇴직금규정’이라 한다), 1970. 10월분부터 노동조합 가입대상 직원들의 급여에서 노동조합비를 일괄 공제하여 노동조합에 지급하였고, 그 결과 위 노사협의회 개최 당시인 1970. 9.경에는 노동조합의 조합원 수가 총 근로자 1,637명 중 과반수에 미치지 못하는 510명에 불과하였으나, 10.경에는 노동조합비를 부담하는 근로자 총수가 1,062명으로 증가한 사실, 1971. 1.경 피고 회사와 노동조합 간에 체결된 1971년도 단체협약에서 퇴직금의 지급은 근로기준법 및 퇴직금지급규정에 의한다고 규정하고 있는 사실 등 판시 사실을 인정한 다음, 위 노사협의회 당시 근로자의 절반 미만을 대표하는 데 불과한 노동조합과 피고 회사 사이에 체결한 유니언 숍 협정은 당시 시행중이던 구 노동조합법 제39조 제2호(1980. 12. 31. 법률 제3350호로 개정되기 전의 것, 이하 같다)에 의하여 부당노동행위에 해당하므로 무효이고, 그 부당노동행위에 기초하여 근로자의 과반수를 달성한 노동조합에 의하여 피고 회사와 사이에 퇴직금규정의 퇴직금지급률을 누진제에서 단수제로 변경하는 내용이 포함된 단체협약이 체결되었다 한들 이를 근로자 과반수의 집단적 의사결정방식에 의한 취업규칙 변경의 동의에 해당한다고 볼 수 없으므로, 구 퇴직금규정의 개정 이전에 입사한 근로자들인 원고(선정당사자)와 선정자 36, 선정자 37, 선정자 38(이하 ‘원고 등 4명’이라 한다)에 대하여는 신 퇴직금규정을 적용할 수 없다고 판단하여 피고 회사에 대하여 구 퇴직금규정에 의하여 산정한 퇴직금에서 기지급한 퇴직금을 공제한 차액의 지급을 명하였다.

나. 그러나 원심의 위와 같은 사실인정과 판단은 다음과 같은 이유로 수긍할 수 없다.

(1) 위 노사협의회 개최 당시인 1970. 9.경에는 노동조합의 조합원 수가 총 근로자 1,637명 중 과반수에도 못 미치는 510명에 불과하여 근로자의 3분의 2 이상을 대표하고 있는 것이 아니므로 당시 시행되던 구 노동조합법 제39조 제2호의 규정에 따라 위 노사협의회에서 합의한 유니언 숍 협정이 부당노동행위에 해당하여 무효라고 판단한 원심의 조치에는 잘못이 없다.

(2) 그러나 노동조합 가입행위는 원칙적으로 근로자의 청약과 조합의 승낙이라는 의사의 합치에 의하여 성립하는 계약이라고 할 것이므로, 비조합원들이 자발적인 가입의사가 없음에도 불구하고 무효인 유니언 숍 협정에 의하여 급여에서 노동조합비가 일괄 공제됨에 따라 일방적으로 조합원으로 간주된 것에 불과하다면 노동조합에 가입하려는 청약의 의사표시 자체가 결여된 것으로서 그러한 사실만으로 조합원의 자격을 취득하였다고는 볼 수 없을 것이나, 비조합원들이 유니언 숍 협정이 체결된 것을 계기로 또는 유니언 숍 협정과 무관하게 스스로 노동조합에 가입하려는 의사를 가지고 급여에서 노동조합비를 공제하는 것에 동의하는 방식으로 청약의 의사표시를 하고 노동조합이 조합비를 수령함으로써 이를 승낙하였다는 특별한 사정이 인정된다면, 비록 노동조합 가입의 계기가 된 유니언 숍 협정이 부당노동행위에 해당하여 무효라고 하더라도, 근로자와 노동조합 사이에 노동조합의 가입계약이 성립하고 이로써 조합원의 자격을 적법하게 취득하였다고 보아야 할 것이다. 이러한 특수한 사정이 있는 경우까지 유니언 숍 협정이 무효라는 이유만으로 그 이후에 이루어진 근로자들의 조합가입의 효력을 일률적으로 부정하게 된다면, 자발적인 가입의사를 가지고 급여에서 노동조합비를 공제하도록 동의한 근로자조차 조합원의 자격을 인정받지 못하게 될 우려가 있고, 이들을 제외하고 나면 노동조합의 조합원 수가 근로자의 과반수에 이르지 못하는 경우, 그 노동조합이 근로자의 과반수를 대표하는 조합으로서 행한 모든 법률적 행위의 사법적 효과를 부정하는 결과를 가져오게 되는바, 이는 근로관계의 실질이나 법적 안정성의 측면에서 볼 때 부당하다고 아니할 수 없다.

(3) 그런데 기록에 의하여 알 수 있는 다음과 같은 사정, 즉 1970. 9. 제2차 노사협의회에서의 합의사항에 따라 피고 회사는 당시까지 노동조합에 가입하지 않았던 552명의 노동조합 가입대상 근로자들에 대하여 1970. 10월분의 월급에서부터 노동조합비를 일괄 공제하여 노동조합에 지급하였고, 그 이후에도 계속하여 월급에서 노동조합비를 일괄 공제하는 조치가 장기간 지속된 것으로 보이는데도 위 552명의 근로자들이 이에 대하여 이의를 제기하였다거나 스스로 노동조합원이 아니라고 다투었다는 자료를 찾아볼 수 없는 점, 퇴직금지급방식을 단수제로 전환하는 신 퇴직금규정이 시행됨에 따라 종전 입사자들의 기득권을 보호하기 위하여 1969. 2. 28. 이전 입사자에 대하여는 일단 1969. 2. 28. 퇴직하는 것으로 정리하고 그 이전의 근무기간에 대한 퇴직금을 누진제로 계산하여 정산하였는데 이에 해당하는 근로자들이 별다른 이의를 제기하지 않은 채 퇴직금을 수령한 것으로 보이는 점, 신 퇴직금규정과 위 단체협약이 시행된 이후에 위 단체협약 체결 이전에 입사한 근로자들 다수가 퇴직하여 피고 회사가 이들에 대하여 신 퇴직금규정에 따른 단수제에 의하여 계산한 퇴직금을 지급하였을 때에도 소외 2가 1997.에 퇴직금청구소송을 제기하기 이전에는 퇴직자들이나 노동조합측에서 이의를 제기하였다는 자료를 찾아볼 수 없는 점, 위 노사협의회에서의 합의사항에는 퇴직금지급률을 낮추는 대신 일일고용원제도를 폐지하여 정규직원으로 전환하도록 하는 등 근로자에게 유리한 내용도 함께 포함되어 있는 점, 피고 회사 노동조합의 가입절차는 별도로 가입신청서를 제출하지 않고 가입을 희망하는 근로자가 자신의 급여에서 노동조합비를 공제하여 조합에 지급하도록 승낙하는 방식으로 이루어져 온 점 등을 종합하여 보면, 당시 유니언 숍 협정의 체결 이후에 조합원 자격을 취득한 근로자들의 대다수는 유니언 숍 협정이 체결된 것을 계기로 스스로 노동조합에 가입하려는 자발적 의사를 가지고 급여에서 노동조합비를 공제하는 것에 동의하는 방식으로 노동조합에 가입하였다고 봄이 상당하고, 그렇다면 피고 회사와 사이에서 퇴직금지급률을 누진제에서 단수제로 변경한 신 퇴직금규정에 따라 퇴직금을 지급하기로 하는 위 단체협약을 체결한 노동조합은 당시 근로자의 과반수로 조직되어 있었다고 보아야 할 것이므로, 그 노동조합의 동의를 거친 퇴직금규정의 변경은 유효하다고 할 것이고 퇴직금규정의 개정 이전에 입사한 원고 등 4명에 대하여도 신 퇴직금규정이 적용된다고 할 것이다.

(4) 그럼에도 불구하고, 원심은 위 유니언 숍 협정이 부당노동행위로서 무효에 해당한다는 이유만으로 그 이후에 노동조합에 가입한 것으로 간주된 근로자들 전원에 대하여 일률적으로 노동조합에 적법하게 가입한 것으로 보기 어렵다고 단정하고, 나아가 따라서 당시 위 단체협약을 체결한 노동조합이 근로자의 과반수를 대표하지 않는다고 보아 근로자 과반수의 집단적 의사결정방식에 의한 동의가 이루어지지 않았으므로 구 퇴직금규정의 개정 이전에 입사한 원고 등 4명에 대하여는 신 퇴직금규정을 적용할 수 없다고 판단하고 구 퇴직금규정에 의하여 산정한 퇴직금에서 신 퇴직금규정에 따라 기지급한 퇴직금을 공제한 차액의 지급을 구하는 원고 등 4명의 퇴직금청구를 인용하였으니, 거기에는 노동조합의 가입에 관한 법리를 오해하거나 심리를 다하지 아니하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있고, 이 점을 지적하는 상고이유 제1점의 주장은 이유 있다.

2. 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금 총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 단체협약, 취업규칙, 급여규정, 근로계약, 노동관행 등에 의하여 사용자에게 그 지급의무가 지워져 있는 것은 그 명칭 여부를 불문하고 모두 포함된다(대법원 2003. 6. 24. 선고 2003다2758 판결 등 참조).

원심은 그 채용 증거를 종합하여, 피고 회사는 1973. 국내에서 근무하는 모든 직원들에게 중식보조금을 지급하기로 노동조합과 합의하고 이후 현물 또는 구매권의 형태로 중식을 제공하여 왔는데, 그 가액은 월 75,000원 상당인 사실을 인정한 다음, 이와 같이 구매권 또는 현물로 제공된 중식에 대한 평가액은 근로의 대가로서의 성질을 갖는 것이므로 평균임금에 포함되어야 한다고 판단하였다.

기록과 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 위와 같은 원심의 사실인정과 판단은 정당하고 거기에 상고이유 제2점의 주장과 같은 평균임금에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 없다.

3. 원심이 20년을 초과하는 근속기간에 대하여도 구 퇴직금규정과 같은 누진율을 적용하기로 노사간에 합의가 이루어진 사실을 인정할 아무런 증거가 없다는 이유로, 20년을 초과하는 근속연수에 대하여 근속연수에 3개월분의 평균임금을 곱하여 산출한 퇴직금을 지급할 의무가 있다는 원고 등 4명의 주장을 배척하였는바, 기록에 비추어 살펴보면 원심의 이러한 조치는 결론에 있어서 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 원고 등 4명의 부대상고이유의 주장과 같은 심리미진 또는 채증법칙 위배로 인한 사실오인이나 변론주의 위배 등의 위법이 없다.

4. 다만, 직권으로 살피건대, 개정 전 소송촉진등에관한특례법(2003. 5. 10. 법률 제6868호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제3조 제1항 본문 중 ‘대통령령으로 정하는 이율’ 부분에 대하여는 2003. 4. 24. 헌법재판소의 위헌결정이 있었고, 그 후 개정된 위 법률조항과 그에 따라 개정된 소송촉진등에관한특례법제3조제1항본문의법정이율에관한규정(2003. 5. 29. 대통령령 제17981호로 개정된 것)은 위 개정법률 시행 당시 법원에 계속중인 사건에 대하여 2003. 6. 1. 이후에 적용할 법정이율을 연 2할로 한다고 규정하고 있는 한편, 피고의 별지 선정자목록 1 내지 35 기재 선정자들(이하 ‘선정자 35명’이라 한다)에 대한 이 사건 퇴직금 지급의무는 상사채무로서 그에 대하여 달리 이율이나 지연이율의 약정이 있었다고 볼 자료는 없으므로 원심이 인용한 각 퇴직금액에 대하여 위 개정법률이 시행되기 전인 2003. 5. 31.까지는 상사법정이율인 연 6%, 그 다음날부터 다 갚는 날까지는 위 개정법률에 따른 연 20%의 각 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 명하여야 할 것인데, 이와 달리 원심이 2003. 5. 31.까지의 기간에 대하여도 위 개정 전의 법률규정을 적용하여 연 25%의 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 명한 원심판결 중 선정자 35명에 대한 부분에는 결과적으로 지연손해금의 법정 이율을 잘못 적용하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있게 되었다.

5. 그러므로 (1) 원심판결 중 원고 등 4명에 대한 피고 패소 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분 사건을 원심법원에 환송하며, (2) 원심판결 중 지연손해금청구에 관한 선정자 35명에 대한 피고 패소 부분 중 아래에서 설시하는 금액을 초과한 부분을 파기하고, 이 부분은 이 법원이 직접 재판하기에 충분하므로 자판하기로 하는바, 피고는 선정자 35명에게 별지 "종합계산표"의 ‘인용액’란 기재 각 금액에 대하여 그 중 순번 1 내지 10, 12 내지 35는 각 해당 선정자가 퇴사한 다음날 또는 그 이후인 1998. 4. 1.부터, 순번 11의 선정자 11이 퇴사한 다음날인 1998. 5. 25.부터, 각 2003. 5. 31.까지 상법 소정의 연 6%, 각 그 다음날부터 다 갚는 날까지 개정된 소송촉진등에관한특례법 소정의 연 20%의 각 비율에 의한 지연손해금을 지급할 의무가 있으므로, 이를 초과하는 부분에 관한 위 선정자 35명의 항소를 기각하고, (3) 피고의 선정자 35명에 대한 나머지 상고와 원고 등 4명의 부대상고를 모두 기각하기로 하여 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 변재승(재판장) 강신욱 박재윤(주심) 고현철

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