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대법원 97다54727

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case퇴직금

Decided1998. 04. 24. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case involved full-time union officials (노동조합 전임자) who took leave from their regular work duties to perform union activities, receiving payments from their employer under a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약). The Supreme Court (대법원) upheld the lower court's ruling that such payments do not constitute wages (임금) since they are not compensation for actual work performed, and that severance pay (퇴직금) must be calculated based on the average wage of regular employees holding the same rank and pay grade, not the amount actually received by the union official. The plaintiffs' appeal was dismissed in its entirety.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Full-time union officials demanded that their severance pay be calculated based on the payments they received while serving in their full-time union role.
  • OutcomeResult: The court ruled that since payments to full-time union officials are not wages, severance pay must instead be calculated using the average wage of regular employees of the same rank.
  • LessonLesson: For full-time union officials, severance pay is calculated based on the average wage of comparable regular employees, not the amount actually paid to them during their union tenure.
Issues
  • Whether payments made to a full-time union official can be considered wages (임금)
  • The proper standard for calculating severance pay (퇴직금) for a full-time union official
Key reasoning

A full-time union official is exempted from the duty to provide labor, placing them in a position similar to an employee on leave of absence. Consequently, any money paid to them under the collective bargaining agreement during this period is not considered wages, since it is not given in exchange for actual work performed. Given that the purpose of the severance pay system is to guarantee an employee's ordinary standard of living upon leaving employment, severance pay must be calculated using the average wage of employees at the same rank and seniority level, rather than the payments the union official actually received while on full-time union duty.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] A full-time union official (노동조합 전임자) maintains the basic labor relationship with the employer and retains his status as an employee of the enterprise, but insofar as his obligation to provide labor is exempted and, in principle, the employer's obligation to pay wages is also exempted, his situation is similar to that of an employee on leave of absence. Therefore, even if the employer pays a certain amount of money to a full-time union official pursuant to a collective agreement (단체협약) or the like, such payment cannot be regarded as wages, which are compensation for labor.

[2] In calculating the retirement allowance (퇴직금) of a full-time union official, it is not permissible to use as the standard the salary actually received by him while serving as a full-time union official. Rather, in light of the purpose of the retirement allowance system, which is to guarantee the employee's ordinary standard of living as it was before retirement, it is appropriate to calculate the retirement allowance based on the average wage of employees of the same job grade and pay step as the full-time union official.

Full text (English, AI translation) 2,281 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 1 other (Plaintiffs' Attorneys Cheon Jeong-bae and 4 others)
[Defendant, Appellee] Korea Engineering Consultants Corp. (Attorneys Choi Jong-baek and 1 other)
[Judgment Below] Suwon District Court Decision 97Na5388 rendered November 5, 1997

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed.
The costs of appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

A full-time union official maintains the basic labor relationship with the employer and retains his or her status as an employee of the enterprise; however, since the full-time union official's duty to provide labor is exempted and, in principle, the employer's duty to pay wages is also exempted, such a person is similar to an employee on leave of absence (see Supreme Court Decision 96Da26671 rendered December 6, 1996). Accordingly, even if the employer pays a certain amount of money to a full-time union official pursuant to a collective agreement or the like, such payment cannot be regarded as wages, which are compensation for labor.

The court below, in the same vein, held that in calculating the retirement allowance of the Plaintiffs, who were full-time union officials, it was not appropriate to use as the basis the wages actually paid to the Plaintiffs as full-time union officials, and that, in light of the purpose of the retirement allowance system, which is to guarantee an employee's ordinary standard of living as before, it was reasonable for the Defendant to calculate the Plaintiffs' retirement allowances based on the average wages of employees of the same rank and pay grade as the Plaintiffs. This determination is deemed correct, and there is no error in the misapprehension of legal principles regarding the full-time union official system or the calculation of wages or retirement allowances for full-time union officials, as argued in the grounds of appeal. This argument is without merit.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Chief Justice Shin Seong-taek (Presiding Justice)
Justice Cheon Gyeong-song (Justice in Charge)
Justice Ji Chang-gwon
Justice Song Jin-hun

【판결요지】

[1] 노동조합 전임자는 사용자와의 사이에 기본적 노사관계는 유지되고 기업의 근로자로서의 신분도 그대로 가지는 것이지만, 노동조합 전임자의 근로제공의무가 면제되고 원칙적으로 사용자의 임금지급의무도 면제된다는 점에서 휴직 상태에 있는 근로자와 유사하고, 따라서 사용자가 단체협약 등에 따라 노동조합 전임자에게 일정한 금원을 지급한다고 하더라도 이를 근로의 대가인 임금이라고는 할 수 없다.

[2] 노동조합 전임자의 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어서는 노동조합 전임자로서 실제로 지급받아 온 급여를 기준으로 할 수는 없고, 근로자의 통상의 생활을 종전과 같이 보장하려는 퇴직금 제도의 취지에 비추어 볼 때, 그들과 동일 직급 및 호봉의 근로자들의 평균임금을 기준으로 하여 퇴직금을 산정함이 상당하다.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제14조(현행 제14조 참조), 제18조(현행 제18조 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제28조 제1항(현행 제34조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1993. 8. 24. 선고 92다34926 판결(공1993하, 2576), 대법원 1995. 4. 11. 선고 94다58087 판결(공1995상, 1840), 대법원 1996. 12. 6. 선고 96다26671 판결(공1997상, 195)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 845자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 1인 (원고들 소송대리인 변호사 천정배 외 4인)

【피고, 피상고인】 주식회사 한국종합기술개발공사 (소송대리인 변호사 최종백 외 1인)

【원심판결】 수원지법 1997. 11. 5. 선고 97나5388 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

노동조합 전임자는 사용자와의 사이에 기본적 노사관계는 유지되고 기업의 근로자로서의 신분도 그대로 가지는 것이지만, 노동조합 전임자의 근로제공의무가 면제되고 원칙적으로 사용자의 임금지급의무도 면제된다는 점에서 휴직 상태에 있는 근로자와 유사하다고 할 것이고(당원 1996. 12. 6. 선고 96다26671 판결 참조), 따라서 사용자가 단체협약 등에 따라 노동조합 전임자에게 일정한 금원을 지급한다고 하더라도 이를 근로의 대가인 임금이라고는 할 수 없다고 할 것이다.

원심이 같은 취지에서, 노동조합 전임자인 원고들의 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어 원고들이 노동조합 전임자로서 실제로 지급받아 온 급여를 기준으로 할 수는 없고, 근로자의 통상의 생활을 종전과 같이 보장하려는 퇴직금 제도의 취지에 비추어 보면 피고가 원고들과 동일 직급 및 호봉의 근로자들의 평균임금을 기준으로 하여 원고들의 퇴직금을 산정한 것은 상당하다고 판단한 것은 옳다고 여겨지고, 거기에 소론과 같은 노동조합 전임제도, 노동조합 전임자의 임금 내지 퇴직금 산정에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다. 논지는 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 신성택(재판장) 천경송(주심) 지창권 송진훈

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