Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 90다카23868

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case퇴직금

Decided1990. 11. 27. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addressed whether various allowances should be included when calculating severance pay (퇴직금), and whether an amendment to severance pay regulations that disadvantaged workers was valid. The Supreme Court ruled that any amendment unfavorable to workers made without their consent is invalid, and that allowances paid continuously and regularly must be included in the base wage used to calculate severance pay.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: The company unilaterally revised its severance pay regulations to exclude various allowances from the calculation, disadvantaging workers without their consent.
  • OutcomeResult: The Court ruled that unfavorable regulation changes made without worker consent are invalid, and that allowances paid regularly must be included in severance pay calculations.
  • LessonLesson: All allowances received regularly each month must be included when calculating severance pay, and any regulation change that disadvantages workers requires their consent.
Issues
  • Whether excluding certain allowances from the base wage in severance pay regulations is valid, even if the resulting severance pay still meets the minimum standard under the Labor Standards Act
  • Whether a unilateral, unfavorable amendment to severance pay regulations made without worker consent is legally effective
  • Whether family allowances, fitness allowances, and various work allowances should be counted as part of the base wage for severance pay calculations
Key reasoning

Article 28 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) sets only the minimum standard for severance pay, so company regulations exceeding this minimum are generally valid. However, when a company changes its employment rules (취업규칙) in a way that disadvantages workers, it must first obtain the collective consent of the affected employees. The Court further reasoned that allowances paid on a continuous and regular basis—such as family allowances, fitness allowances, and various work-related allowances—qualify as wages and must therefore be factored into the base wage for severance pay calculations, regardless of how the company labels them.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Article 28(1) of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) should be construed as prescribing the minimum amount of retirement allowance that an employer must pay to a retiring employee; therefore, even if the Retirement Allowance Regulations of the Korea Coal Corporation (대한석탄공사) excluded fuel subsidies, meal subsidies, physical training expenses, etc. from the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowances, if the amount of retirement allowance calculated under those Regulations exceeds the amount calculated under the aforementioned provision of the Labor Standards Act, the said Retirement Allowance Regulations shall be valid.

[2] In order to unilaterally change existing working conditions to the disadvantage of employees through an amendment of the rules of employment, consent must be obtained through a collective decision-making method of the group of employees who were subject to the previous rules of employment; and if the collective bargaining agreement clearly stipulates that any amendment of the established Retirement Allowance Regulations must go through an agreement between labor and management, then, in a case where the amended Retirement Allowance Regulations—amended without the consent of the employees—were changed to the disadvantage of the employees, as compared to the regulations before amendment, in terms of the calculation of the number of days for retirement allowance payment and the scope of wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowances, such regulations shall be null and void.

[3] Where family allowances, physical training expenses, mine-entry allowances, production incentive allowances, technical allowances, mine-work allowances, etc. have been continuously and regularly paid by the Korea Coal Corporation, where the obligation to pay them arises from the collective bargaining agreement, rules of employment, employment contract, or other related regulations, and where they have been uniformly paid to those who satisfy certain requirements, it is reasonable to view them as having the nature of wages, which are the consideration for labor; therefore, it is proper to include them in the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowances.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,918 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants and Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 2 others
[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 4 and 16 others, Plaintiffs' Attorney Kim Byung-jik
[Defendant, Appellee and Appellant] Korea Coal Corporation (대한석탄공사), Defendant's Attorney Park Chang-rae
[Lower Court Judgment] Seoul High Court, Judgment rendered on June 20, 1990, Case No. 90Na7830

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed.
The costs of appeal shall be borne by each party respectively.

[Reasoning]

1. As to the grounds of appeal by the Plaintiffs' attorney.

Article 28, Paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) should be construed as prescribing the minimum amount of retirement allowance that an employer must pay to a retiring employee. Therefore, even if fuel subsidies, meal subsidies, and physical training expenses were not included in the base wage for calculating retirement allowance pursuant to the Defendant Corporation's retirement allowance regulations, the said retirement allowance regulations shall be valid so long as the retirement allowance amount calculated under such regulations exceeds the amount calculated under the aforementioned provision of the Labor Standards Act.

The lower court's judgment, which is to the same effect, is justified, and there is no error of misapprehension of law as alleged.

Furthermore, according to the respective entries in the retirement allowance calculation statements prepared by the Defendant Corporation (Exhibit A No. 1-7, 12, 25), it is recognized that family allowances of KRW 87,592 were paid to Plaintiff 1, KRW 44,000 to Plaintiff 2, and KRW 66,576 to Plaintiff 3 during the three months prior to retirement. Although the lower court erred in finding that the said family allowances had not been received, even according to the Plaintiffs' own assertions, the wages used by the Defendant Corporation as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance included the family allowances asserted by the said Plaintiffs, and the lower court likewise included family allowances in the base wage for calculating retirement allowance. Therefore, this contradiction in the lower court's reasoning has no effect on the conclusion.

The argument ultimately amounts to no more than criticizing the lower court's judgment on the premise that the lower court excluded family allowances in calculating the retirement allowance in this case. The argument is without merit in its entirety.

2. As to the grounds of appeal by the Defendant's attorney.

In order to unilaterally change existing working conditions to the disadvantage of employees by amending the rules of employment (취업규칙), the consent of the group of employees subject to the former rules of employment must be obtained through a collective decision-making method. Furthermore, Article 44 of the collective agreement (단체협약) in this case clearly provides that any amendment to the established retirement allowance regulations must be made through agreement between labor and management. Therefore, any amendment to the retirement allowance regulations made without following such procedure shall be null and void.

To the same effect, the lower court's determination that the retirement allowance regulations, amended without the consent of the employees, were null and void because they were changed to the disadvantage of the employees with respect to both the calculation of the number of days of retirement allowance payment and the scope of the base wage for calculating retirement allowance, as compared to the regulations before amendment, is justified, and there is no error in misapprehending the legal principles regarding amendment of retirement allowance regulations concerning labor unions, nor any violation of the rules of evidence, as alleged.

Moreover, the family allowance, physical training expenses, underground mine entry allowance, production encouragement allowance, technical allowance, and mine work allowance in this case have been continuously and regularly paid by the Defendant Corporation, and the obligation to pay them arises from the collective agreement, rules of employment, employment contract, or other relevant regulations, and they have been uniformly paid to those who meet certain requirements. Therefore, these constitute wages. The lower court's inclusion of these items in the base wage for calculating retirement allowance for employees ("사원") both before and after the amendment of the retirement allowance regulations, and for laborers ("노무원") before the amendment, is justified, and there is no error of misapprehension of the legal principles regarding the nature of wages.

Such determination is not contrary to the purport of this Court's prior precedents. Meanwhile, even if the amended retirement allowance regulations applicable to the Defendant Corporation's laborers were applied to the Defendant Corporation's employees pursuant to Paragraph 2 of the Addenda to the Labor Standards Act (newly established by Act No. 3349 on December 31, 1980), since the allowance items received by employees and laborers do not coincide, the portion of the amended retirement allowance regulations concerning the base wage for calculating laborers' retirement allowance cannot be directly applied to employees. Therefore, the lower court's determination, with respect to Plaintiff 2, to include physical training expenses, mine work allowance, and technical allowance in the base wage for calculating retirement allowance from April 1, 1981 onward, without following the base wage under the said amended retirement allowance regulations, is justified. The argument is without merit in its entirety.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal shall be borne by each party respectively. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Ahn Woo-man (Presiding Justice), Kim Deok-ju, Yoon Kwan, Bae Man-woon

【판결요지】

가. 근로기준법 제28조 제1항은 사용자가 퇴직하는 근로자에게 지급하여야 할 퇴직금액의 하한선을 규정한 것으로 보아야 하므로 대한석탄공사 퇴직금 규정에 따라 연료보조비, 식대보조비, 체력단련비 등을 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금에 포함시키지 않았다 하더라도 위 규정에 의하여 산출한 퇴직금액이 위 근로기준법 조항에 의하여 산출한 금액을 상회하는 것이라면 위 퇴직금규정은 유효하다.

나. 취업규칙의 변경에 의하여 기존 근로조건의 내용을 일방적으로 근로자에게 불이익하게 변경하려면 종전 취업규칙의 적용을 받고 있던 근로자집단의 집단적 의사결정방법에 의한 동의를 요한다 할 것이고 단체협약서에도 제정된 퇴직금규정의 개정에 있어서는 노사간의 합의를 거쳐야 함을 분명히 하고 있다면 사원측의 동의없이 개정된 퇴직금규정이 개정된 그것보다 퇴직금 지급일수의 계산 및 퇴직금 산정의 기초임금 범위에 있어 직원들에게 불리하게 변경된 경우에는 그 규정은 무효라고 할 것이다.

다. 가족수당, 체력단련비, 입갱수당, 생산독려수당, 기술수당, 광산근무수당 등을 대한석탄공사가 계속적, 정기적으로 지급하여 왔고, 그 지급의무가 단체협약, 취업규칙, 근로계약 기타 관련규정에 의한 것이며, 또한 일정한 요건에 해당하는 자에게 일률적으로 지급되어 왔다면, 이는 근로의 대가인 임금의 성질을 갖는다고 봄이 타당하므로 퇴직금 산정 기초임금에 이를 포함시키는 것이 옳다.

【참조조문】

가.나.다.근로기준법 제28조 제1항 / 나. 같은 법 제95조 / 다. 같은 법 제19조, 같은법시행령 제31조 제1항

【참조판례】

가.다. 대법원 1987.2.24. 선고 84다카1409 판결(공1987,506) / 가. 대법원 1990.11.27. 선고 90다카5757 판결 / 나. 대법원 1988.5.10. 선고 87다카2853 판결(공1988,950), 1989.5.9. 선고 88다카4277 판결(공1989,888), 1990.3.13. 선고 89다카24780 판결(공1990,882), 1990.4.27. 선고 89다카7754 판결(공1990,1157) / 다. 대법원 1990.11.9. 선고 90다카6948 판결(공1991,37)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,973자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인 겸 피상고인】 원고 1 외 2인

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 4 외 16인 원고들 소송대리인 변호사 김병직

【피고, 피상고인 겸 상고인】 대한석탄공사 소송대리인 변호사 박창래

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1990.6.20. 선고 90나7830 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다.

상고비용은 각자의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 1. 원고들 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

근로기준법 제28조 제1항은 사용자가 퇴직하는 근로자에게 지급하여야 할 퇴직금액의 하한선을 규정한 것으로 보아야 하므로 피고공사 퇴직금규정에 따라 연료보조비, 식대보조비, 체력단련비 등을 퇴직금산정의 기초임금에 포함시키지 않았다 하더라도 위 규정에 의하여 산출한 퇴직금액이 위 근로기준법 조항에 의하여 산출한 금액을 상회하는 것이라면 위 퇴직금규정은 유효하다 하겠다.

같은 취지의 원심판결은 정당하고 거기에 지적하는 바와 같은 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

그리고 피고공사 작성의 퇴직금계산서(갑제1호증의 7, 12, 25)의 각 기재내용에 의하면 퇴직전 3개월간에 원고 1에게 금 87,592원의, 원고 2에게 금 44,000원의, 원고 3에게 금 66,576원의 가족수당이 지급된 사실이 인정됨에도 불구하고 위 가족수당을 받은 바 없다고 한 원심의 판단은 잘못된 것이긴 하나, 원고들 주장에 의하더라도 피고공사가 퇴직금산출의 기초로 삼은 임금에는 위 원고들 주장의 가족수당이 포함되어 있고 원심 역시 그 퇴직금산정 기초임금에 가족수당을 포함시키고 있으므로 원심의 이러한 이유의 모순은 결론에 아무런 영향을 미치지 아니한다.

주장은 결국 원심이 이 사건 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어서 가족수당을 제외하였음을 전제로 원심판결을 탓하고 있음에 불과하다. 주장은 모두 이유 없다.

2. 피고 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

취업규칙의 변경에 의하여 기존 근로조건의 내용을 일방적으로 근로자에게 불이익하게 변경하려면 종전 취업규칙의 적용을 받고 있던 근로자 집단의 집단적 의사결정방법에 의한 동의를 요한다 할 것이고 이 사건 단체협약서 제44조에 의하더라도 제정된 퇴직금규정의 개정에 있어서는 노사간의 합의를 거쳐야 함을 분명히 하고 있으므로 이와 같은 절차를 거치지 않은 퇴직금규정의 변경은 무효라 할 것이다.

같은 취지에서 원심이 사원측의 동의 없이 개정된 퇴직금규정이 개정전 그것보다 퇴직금 지급일수의 계산 및 퇴직금산정의 기초임금 범위에 있어 직원들에게 불리하게 변경된 것이어서 무효라고 판단한 것은 정당하고 거기에 지적하는 바와 같은 노동조합 퇴직금규정 개정에 관한 법리를 오해하였거나 채증법칙을 어긴 위법이 없다.

그리고 이 사건 가족수당, 체력단련비, 입갱수당, 생산독려수당, 기술수당, 광산근무수당 등은 피고공사가 그 동안 계속적, 정기적으로 지급하여 왔고, 그 지급의무가 단체협약, 취업규칙, 근로계약 기타 관련규정에 의한 것이며, 또한 일정한 요건에 해당하는 자에게 일률적으로 지급되어 왔으므로, 이는 근로 원심이 퇴직금규정 개정전후의 사원에 대한, 그리고 개정 전 노무원에 대한 퇴직금산정기초임금에 이를 포함시킨 것은 정당하고 거기에 임금의 성질에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다.

이와 같은 판단은 종래 당원판례의 취지에 상반된 것이 아니다. 한편 피고공사의 사원에 대하여 근로기준법 부칙(1980.12.31. 법 제3349호 신설) 제2항에 따라 피고공사의 노무원에게 적용되는 개정퇴직금규정을 적용한다 하더라도 사원과 노무원 사이에는 지급받는 수당항목이 일치하지 않아 개정퇴직금규정 중 노무원의 퇴직금산정 기초임금에 관한 부분을 막바로 사원에게 적용할 수 없는 것이므로 원심이 원고 2에 대하여 위 개정퇴직금규정상의 기초임금에 따르지 않고 1981.4.1. 이후 퇴직금산정 기초임금에 체력단련비, 광산근무수당, 기술수당을 포함한 것은 정당하다. 주장은 모두 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 각자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 안우만(재판장) 김덕주 윤관 배만운

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
90다15952,15976 · 대법원 1991-02-12
Retirement Pay
#2
93다46841 · 대법원 1994-05-24
Retirement Pay
#3
95다32631 · 대법원 1996-12-23
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
#4
2001다16722 · 대법원 2002-06-11
Wages (Severance Pay Calculation Dispute)
#5
89다카24780 · 대법원 1990-03-13
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case

Cases citing this decision

94다6789 · 대법원 1994-12-23
Retirement Pay, etc.
93다4649 · 대법원 1994-05-24
Severance Pay, etc.
93다46841 · 대법원 1994-05-24
Retirement Pay
92다31057 · 대법원 1993-10-26
Retirement Pay
91다5587 · 대법원 1992-04-14
Wages (임금)

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)