Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94다52928

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1995. 10. 13. Court대법원Case remanded (mixed outcome; lower court's ruling reversed for further review)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

In a case where an employer transferred (전보) an employee from its Chuncheon factory to its Seoul headquarters and then dismissed the employee for disciplinary reasons after he refused the transfer, the Supreme Court of Korea (대법원) reversed and remanded the lower court's decision. The Court set forth the standard for determining whether a transfer order constitutes an abuse of the employer's right (권리남용), requiring a balancing test between business necessity and the disadvantages to the employee's personal life.

Key takeaways
  • CaseThe company ordered an employee's transfer from its Chuncheon factory to its Seoul headquarters, and disciplinarily dismissed him when he refused to comply.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that whether a transfer constitutes an abuse of rights must be determined by weighing business necessity against the employee's personal disadvantages.
  • LessonEmployers should clearly establish the business necessity for a transfer and carefully ensure that any resulting hardship to the employee does not significantly exceed what is ordinarily expected to be tolerated.
Issues
  • The scope of an employer's discretionary authority in issuing transfer orders (전보처분)
  • The standard for determining whether a transfer order constitutes an abuse of rights (권리남용)
  • The validity of a transfer order made without a consultation procedure with the employee
  • The legitimacy of disciplinary dismissal (징계해고) of an employee who refused an allegedly unfair transfer order
Key reasoning

Whether a transfer order (전보처분) amounts to an abuse of managerial discretion must be judged by weighing the employer's business necessity against the disadvantages imposed on the employee's daily life. If the disadvantage to the employee's living circumstances does not significantly exceed what would ordinarily be expected to be tolerated, the transfer falls within the employer's legitimate scope of personnel authority (인사권). The mere fact that the employer did not go through a consultation process with the employee before ordering the transfer does not automatically render the transfer invalid. Based on this standard, the Court found that the lower court had failed to properly apply this balancing test in assessing the legitimacy of the transfer and the subsequent dismissal.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

A. In principle, the transfer or reassignment of an employee falls within the authority of the employer as the holder of personnel authority, and thus the employer has considerable discretion within the scope of business necessity; such a transfer is valid unless there are special circumstances such as its violating the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) or constituting an abuse of rights. Whether a transfer disposition, etc. constitutes an abuse of rights should be determined by comparing and weighing the business necessity for the transfer disposition, etc. against the disadvantages to the employee's living conditions resulting from the transfer, etc. If the disadvantage to the employee's living conditions resulting from a transfer based on business necessity does not markedly exceed the degree that the employee should ordinarily be expected to bear, this falls within the scope of legitimate personnel authority and does not constitute an abuse of rights.

B. Whether a sincere consultation procedure was held with the employee concerned in carrying out a transfer disposition, etc. may be considered one factor in determining whether it constitutes a legitimate exercise of personnel authority; however, the mere fact that such a procedure was not followed cannot, by itself, render the transfer disposition, etc. an abuse of rights and thus automatically invalid.

C. A case holding that a transfer disposition against an employee did not constitute an abuse of rights, on the ground that the disadvantage to the employee's living conditions resulting from the transfer disposition fell within the range that the employee should ordinarily be expected to bear.

Full text (English, AI translation) 15,591 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Junghwa Sil-eop Co., Ltd., Attorney Lim Chae-hong, Counsel for the Defendant
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 94Na5702 rendered on September 30, 1994

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the lower court found the following facts: the light textile spinning industry operated by the Defendant Company was gradually losing international competitiveness due to challenges from newly industrializing countries, including those in Southeast Asia, based on their cheap labor and raw materials, and the general economic downturn across domestic industries also affected the Defendant Company, resulting in a business loss of 1,458,410,085 won for the Defendant Company in fiscal year 1990. Due to such deteriorating management conditions, internal and external management improvement became necessary, and it became impossible to retain unnecessary surplus personnel across all departments. By around the time the Plaintiff came to work again at the Chuncheon Factory in his original position as a substation electrician, it had already been decided that only the Plaintiff and a non-party (hereinafter "the non-party") would be in charge of and handle the affairs of the substation. However, with the amendment of the Enforcement Regulations of the Electric Utility Act (전기사업법 시행규칙) on January 24, 1991, under Article 58 of the same Regulations, businesses such as the Defendant Company, whose electrical facility capacity was 1,000 kW or more but less than 5,000 kW, were required to appoint, in addition to an electrical safety manager, one electrical safety management staff member holding a Grade 1 or 2 electrical technician qualification or an Electrical Engineer Grade 2 or higher qualification, from among its employees. Accordingly, the Gangwon Branch of the non-party Korea Electrical Engineers Association, which had been designated as the institution responsible for the appointment and dismissal of safety management personnel, twice urged the Defendant Company to report the results of the appointment of an electrical safety management staff member. As a result, the Defendant Company held a personnel committee meeting on April 6, 1991, and decided to appoint one qualified person as the electrical safety management staff member. This resulted in a surplus of one person among the Plaintiff and the aforementioned non-party, both of whom were unqualified and had been working in the substation, making it inevitable that one of them be transferred or reassigned to another department. In this regard, the personnel committee, considering that the non-party was a graduate of the electrical engineering department of a technical high school, had majored in the electrical field, and had longer tenure working at the substation of the Chuncheon Factory than the Plaintiff, decided to keep him continuing to work at the substation, while deciding to promote the Plaintiff to the position of General Affairs Section Chief in the Supply Division of the General Affairs Department at the head office, which was vacant at the time. Although this was a clerical position, the committee judged that, since the department was in charge of purchasing machine parts and general consumable goods for each factory and handling simple tasks such as organizing invoices and purchase cards, the Plaintiff, who had worked in field positions for a long time, would be well able to perform such duties. The committee thus decided to promote the Plaintiff to the position of General Affairs Section Chief in the Supply Division of the General Affairs Department at the head office and have him handle materials affairs, and on April 15 of the same year, notified the Plaintiff of the said transfer disposition through the Chuncheon Factory manager, presenting him with the appointment order dated April 8 of the same year. Having found these facts, the lower court determined that the said transfer disposition was inevitably carried out for the efficient utilization of the Defendant Company's surplus personnel, that its business necessity was recognized, and that, in light of the major fields of study and career experience of the Plaintiff and the non-party, the rationality of selecting the Plaintiff as the subject of the transfer was also, in principle, recognized. Nevertheless, based on the evidence it adopted, the lower court also found that, shortly before the Plaintiff came to work again at the Defendant Company's Chuncheon Factory in his original position as a substation electrician, on October 23, 1990, in order to settle in Chuncheon, the Plaintiff's entire household of five—his elderly mother, his wife, and his elementary-school-aged child—moved from Gumi City to a two-room rented house in Hupyeong-dong, Chuncheon City, with a jeonse (lease) deposit of 9,000,000 won, and that around April 1991, the Plaintiff had even been preparing to apply for a workers' welfare housing unit in Seoksa-dong, Chuncheon City, being sold by the non-party Korea National Housing Corporation. However, the lower court found that the Defendant Company, without engaging in consultation or discussion to give appropriate consideration to the Plaintiff's living interests, such as by inquiring in advance whether the Plaintiff was willing to work in another department within the Chuncheon Factory, transferred the Plaintiff to the Defendant Company's head office General Affairs Department at 64-9 Dapsimni-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, a place with which the Plaintiff had no connection whatsoever; that the Defendant Company's Seoul head office had no dormitory or other convenience facilities for employees whose residential base was not Seoul, nor any system such as transportation expense subsidies for employees commuting long distances; and that, given the Plaintiff's financial means, it would be difficult for him to maintain an adequate standard of living together with his family in Seoul. Based on these findings, the lower court held that the Defendant's transfer disposition against the Plaintiff not only imposed on the Plaintiff, the subject of the disposition, a serious disadvantage significantly exceeding the degree that an employee could ordinarily be expected to bear, but was also carried out without going through a process of sincere dialogue with the Plaintiff, such as by providing him an opportunity to have his views reflected—something required under the principle of good faith in order to give appropriate consideration to a transfer within the Chuncheon Factory, which would have caused the Plaintiff the least disadvantage, or to his other living interests. The lower court held that, in light of the aforementioned procedural defect together with the disadvantage the Plaintiff would suffer and the extent of the Defendant's need for personnel management, the transfer disposition constituted an abuse of the right of personnel management exceeding its permissible scope, and was therefore null and void. Furthermore, considering that the Defendant Company's transfer disposition against the Plaintiff was without justifiable reason and therefore void, and that the Plaintiff's failure to report to the Defendant Company's Seoul head office was a means of protesting against, or demanding correction of, the unjust transfer disposition, the lower court held that the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff on the ground of unauthorized absence from work due to his refusal to comply with the transfer disposition was likewise void; and that, even if that were not the case, the said act of unauthorized absence, unlike ordinary unauthorized absence, could not be regarded as misconduct of such a degree that it would be markedly unreasonable to continue the employment relationship between the Plaintiff and Defendant. Therefore, the lower court concluded that the Defendant's decision to select dismissal—the heaviest form of disciplinary action under the Rules of Employment—against the Plaintiff constituted an abuse of the right of disciplinary action or an unjust decision contrary to the principle of equity, and accordingly held that the said disciplinary dismissal was also without justifiable reason and thus void.

2. In principle, the reassignment or transfer of an employee falls within the authority of the employer as the person holding personnel management authority, and therefore the employer has considerable discretion within the scope necessary for business operations; such a measure shall be valid unless there are special circumstances such as its violating the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) or constituting an abuse of rights (see this Court's Decisions 86Daka2567 rendered on February 28, 1989; 90Da12366 rendered on September 24, 1991; and 90Da20428 rendered on October 25, 1991, among others). Whether a transfer disposition, etc. constitutes an abuse of rights should be determined by comparing and weighing the business necessity of the transfer disposition, etc. against the disadvantage to the employee's living conditions resulting from the transfer, etc. If the disadvantage to the employee's living conditions resulting from a transfer, etc. made out of business necessity does not markedly exceed the degree that the employee should ordinarily be expected to bear, this falls within the scope of legitimate personnel management authority and does not constitute an abuse of rights (see the above Decision 90Da20428).

In such cases, whether a sincere consultation procedure was held with the employee concerned in carrying out the transfer disposition, etc. may be considered one factor in determining whether the exercise of personnel management authority was legitimate; however, the mere fact that such a procedure was not followed cannot, by itself, render the transfer disposition, etc. an abuse of rights and thus automatically null and void (this Court's Decision 93Da47677 rendered on May 10, 1994).

Looking back at the present case, if, as found by the lower court, the transfer disposition against the Plaintiff in this case is recognized as being based on business necessity, then even considering the circumstances found by the lower court—namely, that the Plaintiff's household of five, including his elderly mother, wife, and elementary-school-aged child, moved from Gumi to Chuncheon in order to settle there and are living in a rented house, and that around April 1991 the Plaintiff was preparing to apply for a workers' welfare housing unit, and that the Defendant Company's Seoul head office, to which the Plaintiff was transferred, had no dormitory or other convenience facilities for employees and no system such as transportation expense subsidies for employees commuting long distances—the Plaintiff neither owned a house in Chuncheon nor had been allotted a workers' welfare housing unit; moreover, in this case, it appears that there is virtually no realistic possibility for the Plaintiff to commute long distance from Chuncheon, his place of residence, to the Seoul head office, in light of the distance and the time required using current means of transportation. Therefore, the fact that the Defendant did not establish a system such as transportation expense subsidies for long-distance commuters cannot be considered a fault on the Defendant's part; and given that dormitory facilities for transferred employees are not generally common, even if there is a disadvantage to the Plaintiff's living conditions in that, as a result of this transfer, he would have to newly secure lodging or housing that allows for commuting or lodging and meals, and would have to relocate alone to the Seoul head office, his new post, or move together with his family, such disadvantage is merely a disadvantage within the scope that an employee should ordinarily be expected to bear as a result of a transfer or reassignment, and cannot be said to be a disadvantage to living conditions that markedly exceeds such scope.

Furthermore, the lower court stated that, given the Plaintiff's financial means, it would be difficult for him to maintain an adequate standard of living together with his family in Seoul; however, considering current means of transportation, the Plaintiff could establish a residence in an area on the outskirts of Seoul from which commuting is possible, rather than within Seoul itself, and even if the cost of living, including housing costs, in Seoul is somewhat higher than in Chuncheon, it cannot be said that it is impossible or markedly difficult for the Plaintiff, given his economic standing, to live together with his family in Seoul.

Moreover, in light of the business necessity of the transfer disposition in this case and the degree of disadvantage to the Plaintiff's living conditions that would result therefrom, even if, as found by the lower court, the Defendant failed to consult with the Plaintiff in carrying out the transfer disposition, that fact alone cannot render the transfer disposition in this case an abuse of personnel management authority (indeed, since the Plaintiff has been insisting solely on continuing to work at the substation of the Chuncheon Factory where he had been working, it does not appear that the outcome would have been any different even had a prior consultation procedure been followed). Furthermore, according to the record, it appears that, in carrying out the transfer disposition in this case, the Defendant, in an effort to alleviate the disadvantage to the Plaintiff's living conditions, even issued a promotion order transferring the Plaintiff from the position of substation electrician to that of General Affairs Section Chief in the Supply Division of the General Affairs Department at the head office, even though the Plaintiff was not subject to regular promotion at the time.

If that is the case, then the lower court's determination, based solely on the circumstances stated in its judgment, that the transfer disposition in this case imposed on the Plaintiff a serious disadvantage markedly exceeding the degree that an employee could ordinarily be expected to bear, and its further holding—based on the assertion that the Defendant, in the process of carrying out the transfer disposition in this case, failed to engage in sincere dialogue with the Plaintiff, as required under the principle of good faith, in order to give appropriate consideration to a transfer within the Chuncheon Factory or to his other living interests, and that the transfer disposition in this case therefore constituted an abuse of personnel management authority and was void—that the disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff on the ground of unauthorized absence from work due to his refusal to comply with the transfer disposition in this case was likewise void, constitutes an error in the misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the legitimacy of a transfer disposition, or a failure to exhaust the necessary examination on that point, and it is clear that this error affected the outcome of the judgment. Therefore, the argument pointing out this error is well-founded.

3. Accordingly, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination. This decision is rendered as stated in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the Justices involved.

Justice Kim Hyeong-seon (Presiding Justice), Park Man-ho (Justice in Charge), Park Jun-seo, Lee Yong-hun

【판결요지】

가. 근로자에 대한 전보나 전직은 원칙적으로 인사권자인 사용자의 권한에 속하므로 업무상 필요한 범위 내에서는 사용자는 상당한 재량을 가지며, 그것이 근로기준법에 위반되거나 권리남용에 해당되는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 유효하고, 전보처분 등이 권리남용에 해당하는지 여부는 전보처분 등의 업무상의 필요성과 전보 등에 따른 근로자의 생활상의 불이익을 비교·교량하여 결정되어야 하고, 업무상의 필요에 의한 전보 등에 따른 생활상의 불이익이 근로자가 통상 감수하여야 할 정도를 현저하게 벗어난 것이 아니라면, 이는 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에 속하는 것으로서 권리남용에 해당하지 않는다.

나. 전보처분 등을 함에 있어서 근로자 본인과 성실한 협의절차를 거쳤는지 여부는 정당한 인사권의 행사인지 여부를 판단하는 하나의 요소라고는 할 수 있으나, 그러한 절차를 거치지 아니하였다는 사정만으로 전보처분 등이 권리남용에 해당하여 당연히 무효가 된다고는 할 수 없다.

다. 근로자에 대한 전보처분에 따른 생활상의 불이익이 통상 감수하여야 할 범위 내의 것이라는 이유로, 그 전보처분이 권리남용에 해당하지 않는다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항, 민법 제2조

【참조판례】

가.나. 대법원 1995. 5. 9. 선고 93다51263 판결(공1995상,2072), 1995. 8. 11. 선고 95다10778 판결(공1995하,3127) / 가. 대법원 1991. 10. 25. 선고 90다20428 판결(공1991,2816), 1994. 4. 26. 선고 93다10279 판결(공1994상,1452) / 나. 대법원 1991. 7. 12. 선고 91다12752 판결(공1991,2154), 1994. 5. 10. 선고 93다47677 판결(공1994상,1653)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,268자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고

【피고, 상고인】 중화실업주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 임채홍

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1994. 9. 30. 선고 94나5702 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

1. 원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 피고 회사가 영위하는 경방직업 분야는 동남아를 비롯한 신흥개발국들의 저렴한 노동력과 원자재를 바탕으로 한 도전으로 인하여 점점 국제경쟁력이 떨어지는데다가 국내 산업 전반의 불경기가 피고 회사에까지 영향을 미치게 되어 피고 회사는 1990 사업년도에 1,458,410,085원의 사업 결손이 발생하는 등 경영사정의 악화로 대내외적인 경영개선이 필요하여 모든 부서에 걸쳐 불필요한 잉여인력을 남겨둘 수 없게 됨으로써 원고가 춘천공장에서 원직인 변전실 전공으로 다시 근무하게 될 무렵에 이미 원고와 소외인 두사람만으로 위 변전실의 업무를 담당, 처리하도록 결정하였던 사실, 그런데 1991.1.24. 전기사업법 시행규칙의 개정으로 같은 규칙 제58조에 따라 피고 회사와 같이 전기설비의 용량이 1,000kw 이상 5,000kw 미만인 업체에서는 소속직원 중에서 전기안전관리사 외에 전기분야 기능사 1, 2급 또는 전기기사 2급 이상의 자격이 있는 전기안전관리원 1명을 반드시 두도록 되었고, 이에 따라 안전관리담당자 선,해임기관으로 지정된 소외 사단법인 대한전기기사협회의 강원지부에서 피고 회사에 대하여 2회에 걸쳐 전기안전관리원 선임결과 통보를 독촉하여 옴으로써 피고 회사는 1991.4.6. 인사위원회를 개최하여 유자격자로 전기안전관리원 1명을 선임하기로 결정하게 되었는데, 이로 인하여 위 변전실에 근무하던 무자격자인 원고와 위 소외인 중 1명의 잉여 인력이 발생하여 그 중 1명은 타부서로의 전직 내지 전근이 불가피하게 되자 위 인사위원회에서는 위 소외인은 공업고등학교 전기과 졸업자로서 전기 분야의 전공자이고 위 춘천공장의 변전실 근무경력이 원고보다 장기인 점을 고려하여 그를 변전실에 계속 근무하도록 하는 한편, 당시 공석이던 본사 관리부 서무과 용도계 서무주임직이 비록 사무직이기는 하나 각 공장의 기계부품이나 일반 소모품의 구매를 담당하며 간단한 송장 및 구매카드를 정리하는 등의 업무를 담당하는 부서로서 현장직에서 오래 근무한 원고가 이를 충분히 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단하고 원고를 본사 관리부 서무과 용도계 서무주임으로 승진시켜 자재업무를 담당케 하기로 결정하고, 같은 해 4.15. 춘천공장장을 통하여 원고에게 같은 달 8.자 발령장을 제시하며 위 전근 처분을 통보한 사실을 인정한 다음, 위 전근 처분은 피고 회사의 잉여 인력의 효율적 활용을 위하여 부득이 하게 행하여진 것으로서 그 업무상의 필요성이 인정되고 또한 원고와 위 소외인의 전공, 경력 등에 비추어 볼 때 그 대상으로서 원고를 선택한 점에 관하여도 그 합리성이 일응 인정된다고 판단하면서도 그 채택증거에 의하여 원고는 피고 회사의 춘천공장에서 원직인 변전실 전공으로 근무하게 되기 직전인 1990.10.23. 춘천에서 정착하기 위하여 노모와 처 및 국민학생인 자녀 등 5식구 모두가 구미시에서 춘천시 후평동에 있는 전세금 9,000,000원의 2칸 방으로 이사하였으며, 1991.4.경에는 소외 대한주택공사에서 분양하는 춘천시 석사동 근로복지주택의 분양신청까지 준비하고 있었던 사실, 그런데 피고 회사는 사전에 원고에게 춘천공장 내의 다른 부서에서 근무할 의사가 있는지 여부를 타진하는 등 그의 생활상의 이익에 관한 적절한 배려를 위한 협의나 상의도 하여 보지 아니한 채 원고를 아무런 연고도 없는 서울 동대문구 답십리동 64의 9에 있는 피고 회사의 본사 관리부 서무과로 전근 처분을 한 사실과 피고 회사의 서울 본사에는 생활근거지가 서울이 아닌 근로자를 위한 기숙사 등의 편의시설이 전혀 없고 원거리 출퇴근 근로자를 위한 교통비 보조 등의 제도도 없으며, 또한 원고의 경제력으로는 서울에서 가족과 함께 적정한 수준의 생계를 유지하기 어려운 사실을 인정한 후 그 인정사실에 의하면 피고의 원고에 대한 전근 처분은 그 대상인 원고에 대하여 근로자로서 통상 감수할 수 있는 정도를 현저히 초과한 중대한 불이익을 주는 것일 뿐만 아니라 그 과정에 있어서도 원고에게 가장 불이익이 적은 춘천공장 내에서의 전직이나 기타 그의 생활상의 이익에 관한 적절한 배려를 위하여 신의칙상 요구되는 원고의 의사반영의 기회를 부여하는 등 원고와의 진지한 대화의 절차를 거치지 아니한 채 이루어진 것으로서 위 전근 처분은 위 인정의 절차적 하자와 함께 원고가 입을 불이익과 피고의 인사의 필요성의 범위를 일탈한 인사권의 남용에 해당되어 무효라고 봄이 상당하다고 판시하고 나아가 피고 회사의 원고에 대한 전근 처분이 정당한 이유 없는 것으로서 무효인 점, 원고가 피고 회사의 서울 본사에 출근하지 아니한 것이 부당한 전근 처분에 대한 항의 내지 시정요구의 수단으로 이루어진 점 등을 참작하여 볼 때, 위 전근 처분을 거부하면서 무단결근한 것을 이유로 한 원고에 대한 징계해고도 역시 무효라고 할 것이고, 가사 그렇지 않다고 하더라도 위 무단결근한 소위는 통상의 무단결근과는 달리 원·피고 사이의 근로계약관계를 지속케 하는 것이 현저히 부당하다고 인정될 정도의 비위행위에 해당한다고는 볼 수 없다고 할 것이므로 피고가 위 취업규칙 소정의 징계의 종류 중 가장 무거운 해고를 선택하여 원고에 대하여 해고처분을 한 것은 징계권의 남용이거나 형평의 원칙에 어긋난 부당한 결정이라고 할 것이어서 위 징계해고처분도 정당한 이유가 없어 무효라고 판단하였다.

2. 근로자에 대한 전보나 전직은 원칙적으로 인사권자인 사용자의 권한에 속하므로 업무상 필요한 범위 내에서는 사용자는 상당한 재량을 가지며 그것이 근로기준법에 위반되거나 권리남용에 해당되는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 유효하다 할 것이고(당원 1989.2.28.선고 86다카2567 판결; 1991.9.24.선고 90다12366 판결; 1991. 10.25.선고 90다20428 판결 등 참조), 전보처분 등이 권리남용에 해당하는지 여부는 전보처분 등의 업무상의 필요성과 전보 등에 따른 근로자의 생활상의 불이익을 비교·교량하여 결정되어야 할 것이고, 업무상의 필요에 의한 전보 등에 따른 생활상의 불이익이 근로자가 통상 감수하여야 할 정도를 현저하게 벗어난 것이 아니라면 이는 정당한 인사권의 범위 내에 속하는 것으로서 권리남용에 해당하지 않는다 할 것이다(위 90다20428 판결 참조).

이 경우 전보처분 등을 함에 있어서 근로자 본인과 성실한 협의절차를 거쳤는지 여부는 정당한 인사권의 행사인지 여부를 판단하는 하나의 요소라고는 할 수 있으나 그러한 절차를 거치지 아니하였다는 사정만으로 전보처분 등이 권리남용에 해당하여 당연히 무효가 된다고는 할 수 없다(당원 1994.5.10. 선고 93다47677 판결).

이 사건의 경우를 돌이켜 보면 원심의 사실 인정과 같이 원고에 대한 이 사건 전보처분이 업무상의 필요성에 의하여 인정되는 것이라면 원심인정과 같이 원고의 노모와 처 및 국민학교 자녀 등 5명의 가족들이 정착하기 위하여 구미에서 춘천으로 이사를 하여 전세를 얻어 살고 있고, 1991.4.경에 근로자복지주택을 분양받기 위하여 분양신청의 준비를 하고 있다는 점 등의 사정이 있으며 원고가 근무를 하도록 전보된 피고 회사의 서울 본사에 근로자를 위한 기숙사 등의 편의시설이 없고, 원거리 출퇴근 근로자를 위한 교통비 보조 등의 제도가 없다고 하더라도 원고가 춘천에 주택을 소유하고 있거나 근로자복지주택을 분양받은 것도 아닐 뿐만 아니라 이 사건의 경우 원고가 그 생활근거지인 춘천에서 서울 본사까지 원거리 출퇴근을 하는 것은 그 거리나 현재의 교통수단에 의한 소요시간 등에 비추어 현실적인 가능성이 거의 없다고 보여지므로 피고가 원거리 출퇴근자를 위한 교통비 보조 등의 제도를 마련하지 아니하였다 하여 이를 잘못이라 할 수는 없으며, 전보된 근로자들을 위한 기숙사 시설이 일반적으로 보편화되어 있는 것도 아닌 점에서 이 사건 전보에 따라 출퇴근과 숙식이 가능한 숙소나 주택을 새로이 마련하여 원고가 전보지인 서울 본사에 단신 부임하거나 가족을 대동하여 이사를 하여야 하는 생활상의 불이익이 있다고 하더라도 이러한 불이익은 전보나 전직에 따라 근로자가 통상 감수하여야 할 범위 내의 불이익에 불과하고 그것이 현저하게 그러한 범위를 벗어난 생활상의 불이익이라고는 할 수 없다.

또한 원심은 원고의 경제력으로는 서울에서 가족과 함께 적정한 수준의 생계를 유지하기 어렵다고 설시하고 있으나 현재의 교통수단을 고려하여 보면 원고가 서울이 아닌 출퇴근이 가능한 서울 외곽지역에서 주거를 마련할 수도 있는 것이며 서울에서의 주거비용을 포함한 생계비가 춘천에서의 그것보다는 다소 많이 소요된다고 하더라도 원고의 경제적 수준으로 서울에서 가족과 함께 생활하는 것 자체가 불가능하거나 현저히 어렵다고 할 수도 없다.

그리고 이 사건 전보처분의 업무상 필요성 및 원고가 입게 될 생활상의 불이익의 정도에 비추어 피고가 전보처분을 함에 있어서 원심판시와 같이 원고와 협의하지 아니한 사실이 있다 하더라도 그러한 사정만으로 이 사건 전보처분이 인사권의 남용이라고도 할 수 없을 뿐 아니라(실제로 원고는 자신이 근무하던 춘천공장 변전실에서의 근무만을 고집하고 있는 터이므로 비록 사전에 협의절차를 거쳤다 하여도 그 사정이 달라졌을 것이라고 보이지도 아니한다) 기록에 의하면 피고는 이 사건 전보처분을 함에 있어 원고가 입게 될 생활상의 불이익을 해소하려고 정기적인 승진대상자가 아니었음에도 변전실 전공에서 본사 관리부 서무과 용도계 서무주임으로 승진발령까지 하였던 것으로 보여진다.

그렇다면 원심이 그 판시의 사정만으로 이 사건 전보처분이 원고에 대하여 근로자로서 통상 감수할 수 있는 정도를 현저히 초과하는 중대한 불이익을 주는 것이라고 판단하고 나아가 피고가 이 사건 전보처분 과정에서 춘천공장에서의 전직이나 기타 그의 생활상의 이익에 관한 적절한 배려를 위하여 신의칙상 요구되는 원고와의 진지한 대화를 거치지 아니하였다고 하여 이 사건 전보처분이 인사권의 남용에 해당하여 무효라는 주장을 내세워 이 사건 전보처분을 거부하면서 무단결근한 것을 이유로 한 원고에 대한 징계해고도 무효라고 판시한 것은 전보처분의 정당성에 관한 법리를 오해하였거나 그 점에 관한 심리를 다하지 아니한 위법이 있다 할 것이고 이는 판결 결과에 영향을 미쳤음이 분명하므로 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유가 있다.

3. 그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 관여 법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김형선(재판장) 박만호(주심) 박준서 이용훈

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