Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94다52294

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1995. 09. 05. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A worker filed a lawsuit seeking confirmation that his dismissal (해고) was invalid, and later received his severance pay (퇴직금) while the lawsuit was pending. The Supreme Court held that receiving severance pay under these circumstances does not mean the worker accepted or acknowledged the validity of the dismissal. The Court also ruled that although past misconduct that was already settled through a release agreement or barred by the statute of limitations for disciplinary action (징계시효) may still be referenced as supporting material when determining the appropriate level of disciplinary punishment, in this specific case the dismissal (immediate discharge, 면직처분) was still found to be excessive and therefore unfair (부당해고).

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker filed a lawsuit to confirm his dismissal was invalid, then received severance pay, while the company tried to justify the discharge by citing the worker's past misconduct.
  • OutcomeThe court ruled that receiving severance pay did not mean the worker accepted the dismissal, and even considering the past misconduct, the discharge was too severe, so the worker won the case.
  • LessonWorkers can safely accept severance pay while pursuing a lawsuit against their dismissal, since doing so does not waive their right to challenge the dismissal as unfair (부당해고).
Issues
  • Whether a worker's receipt of severance pay after filing a lawsuit challenging the dismissal constitutes an implied acknowledgment or acceptance of the dismissal
  • Whether misconduct that was already resolved through a release agreement (면책합의) or time-barred under the disciplinary statute of limitations (징계시효) can still be used as reference material in determining the severity of disciplinary punishment
Key reasoning

The Court reasoned that when a worker files a lawsuit challenging the validity of a dismissal before receiving severance pay, later accepting that severance pay does not constitute an implied acceptance or ratification of the dismissal itself. This is because the worker is simply exercising a separate legal right to severance pay, which is independent from the dispute over whether the dismissal was lawful. Regarding the company's defense, the Court acknowledged that past misconduct—even if it was already resolved through a release agreement (면책합의) or is time-barred under the disciplinary statute of limitations—may still be considered as reference material when assessing whether the severity of a disciplinary measure is appropriate. However, applying this principle to the facts of this case, the Court found that the discharge (면직처분) imposed on the worker was disproportionately harsh compared to the actual misconduct at issue, making the dismissal unfair.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

a. Where an employee has already filed a suit disputing the validity of a dismissal prior to receiving retirement pay, the mere fact that the employee raised no objection or condition in receiving the retirement pay cannot be deemed to constitute recognition of the validity of the dismissal.

b. Even misconduct that has been the subject of a release-from-liability agreement or for which the period of limitations for disciplinary action has expired is not thereby excluded from being used as material for determining the appropriateness of the disciplinary measure; accordingly, such a record of past conduct may also be used as material for determining the justifiability of a dismissal.

Full text (English, AI translation) 2,509 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Gyeongsan Bus Co., Ltd., Attorney Seo Yun-hong, Counsel for the Defendant
[Judgment Below] Daegu High Court Decision 93Na3906 rendered September 29, 1994

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

We examine the first ground of appeal.

Where a worker has already filed a lawsuit disputing the validity of a dismissal before receiving retirement pay, it cannot be deemed that the worker has acknowledged the validity of the dismissal merely because he raised no objection or condition in receiving the retirement pay (see this Court's Decisions 86Daka1873 rendered April 28, 1987; 90Da8763 rendered March 31, 1992). The judgment below, having ruled to the same effect, is justified, and this ground of appeal is without merit.

We examine the remaining grounds of appeal together.

According to the record, it is clear that the Defendant did not rely on the Plaintiff's so-called work history as a ground for the disciplinary action in this case. Meanwhile, even where misconduct has been the subject of a settlement of liability or where the statute of limitations for disciplinary action has expired, this does not preclude the fact that such misconduct occurred from being used as material in determining the appropriateness of the disciplinary sanction (see this Court's Decision 94Da4042 rendered September 30, 1994). Accordingly, the Plaintiff's above work history may also be used as material for determining the legitimacy of the dismissal in this case. However, given the facts as lawfully established by the court below, even taking the Plaintiff's work history into account, it cannot be said that there was justifiable cause for imposing dismissal—the most severe of the disciplinary sanctions—for the grounds for discipline in this case. Accordingly, the judgment below, having reached the same conclusion, is justified in its result, and it cannot be found to contain any error of law, as argued, regarding the grounds for discipline or the discretion in disciplinary sanctions that affected the outcome of the judgment. All of these grounds of appeal are without merit.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Jeong Gwi-ho (Presiding Justice), Kim Seok-su, Lee Don-hui, Lee Im-su (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

가. 근로자가 퇴직금을 수령하기 전에 이미 해고의 효력을 다투는 소를 제기하고 있는 경우에는, 퇴직금을 수령함에 있어 아무런 이의나 조건을 제기하지 않았다 하여 해고처분의 효력을 인정하였다고 볼 수 없다.

나. 면책합의되었거나 징계시효가 지난 비위행위라 하더라도 그러한 비위행위가 있었던 점을 징계량정의 판단자료로 삼는 것까지 금하는 것은 아니므로, 그러한 근무내력도 해고처분의 정당성을 판단하는 자료로 삼을 수 있다.

【참조조문】

가.나. 근로기준법 제27조 제1항 / 나. 민법 제2조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1992.3.31. 선고 90다8763 판결(공1992,1395), 1993.9.24. 선고 93다21736 판결(공1993하,2925), 1995.2.28. 선고 94다15363 판결(공1995상,1448) / 나. 대법원 1994.9.30. 선고 94다4042 판결(공1994하,2829)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 937자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고

【피고, 상고인】 경산버스 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 서윤홍

【원심판결】 대구고등법원 1994.9.29. 선고 93나3906 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유 제1점을 본다.

근로자가 퇴직금을 수령하기 전에 이미 해고의 효력을 다투는 소를 제기하고 있는 경우에는 퇴직금을 수령함에 있어 아무런 이의나 조건을 제기하지 않았다 하여 해고처분의 효력을 인정하였다고 볼 수는 없다고 할 것이므로(당원 1987.4.28. 선고 86다카1873 판결; 1992.3.31. 선고 90다8763 판결 각 참조), 같은 취지로 판단한 원심판결은 정당하고 논지는 이유가 없다.

나머지 상고이유를 함께 본다.

기록에 의하면 피고가 이른바 원고의 근무내력을 이 사건 징계사유로 삼지 아니하였음은 명백하고, 한편 면책합의되었거나 징계시효가 지난 비위행위라 하더라도 그러한 비위행위가 있었던 점을 징계양정의 판단자료로 삼는 것까지 금하는 것은 아니라 할 것이므로(당원 1994.9.30. 선고 94다4042 판결 참조), 위와 같은 원고의 근무내력도 이 사건 해고처분의 정당성을 판단하는 자료로는 삼을 수 있다 할 것인데, 사실관계가 원심이 적법하게 확정한 바와 같다면 원고의 근무내력을 참작하더라도 이 사건 징계사유에 대해 징계종류 중 가장 무거운 면직처분을 한 것은 정당한 사유가 있다고 볼 수 없으므로, 결국 같은 취지로 판단한 원심판결은 결론에 있어 정당하다 할 것이고, 거기에 논하는 바와 같이 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 징계사유 또는 징계재량권에 대한 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 볼 수 없다. 논지는 모두 이유가 없다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 정귀호(재판장) 김석수 이돈희 이임수(주심)

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