Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 92다1728

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1992. 04. 14. Court대법원Case remanded (worker's position supported; lower court decision overturned)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This Supreme Court precedent establishes that even if a dismissed employee received severance pay (퇴직금) and dismissal allowance (해고수당) without raising an objection at the time, the employee may still later challenge the validity of the dismissal (해고무효) if there was a reasonable justification for doing so. The mere fact that the worker accepted the payments does not automatically mean the worker accepted or approved the dismissal — courts must consider all the individual circumstances of the case.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA dismissed worker received severance pay and dismissal allowance, then later filed a lawsuit claiming the dismissal was invalid.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that even after accepting payment, the worker can still contest the dismissal's validity later if there was reasonable justification for doing so.
  • LessonIf you are unfairly dismissed, accepting severance pay out of financial necessity does not mean you give up your right to challenge the dismissal — you should still actively assert your rights.
Issues
  • Whether receiving severance pay and dismissal allowance should be deemed as approval of the dismissal
  • Whether a delay in filing a lawsuit for confirmation of invalid dismissal violates the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙)
Key reasoning

The Court reasoned that receiving severance pay and dismissal allowance does not, by itself, constitute the employee's approval of the dismissal (해고 승인) if there were objective circumstances or reasonable grounds showing the employee was still disputing the dismissal's validity. For example, if the worker was pursuing an unfair labor practice remedy (부당노동행위구제신청) or engaging in negotiations to be reinstated, and this caused a delay in filing the lawsuit, such delay does not violate the principle of good faith (신의성실원칙). Therefore, the lower court's finding that the worker had forfeited the right to contest the dismissal was overturned, and the case was remanded for further examination of the specific facts.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] If a worker who was dismissed or disciplinarily discharged received retirement pay and dismissal allowance without reserving any condition, it is reasonable to view, absent special circumstances, that the worker acknowledged the dismissal as valid, and it is not permitted under the principle of good faith (신의성실의 원칙) for the worker, without justifiable reason, to file a claim seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal only after a long period of time has passed since then.

[2] Even in the case of item “[1]” above, where there exist objective circumstances suggesting that the worker did not acknowledge the effect of the dismissal but was contesting it, or where other circumstances indicating the contrary are found, such as receiving the retirement pay or dismissal allowance under circumstances involving justifiable reasons, it should not be uniformly concluded that the worker acknowledged the effect of the dismissal merely because the retirement pay or dismissal allowance was received without an explicit reservation of objection. Likewise, even where the filing of a lawsuit seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal was delayed, if such delay resulted from justifiable reasons, such as the delay being caused by first filing an application for remedy against unfair labor practices, or by waiting for the outcome of negotiations for reinstatement with the employer, or by waiting in reliance on the employer's promise of reinstatement, such delay should be deemed not to be contrary to the principle of good faith.

Full text (English, AI translation) 14,095 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee]

[Defendant, Appellant] Gaenari Apartment Residents' Representative Council, Attorney Lee Geon-ho, Counsel for the Defendant

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 91Na29462 rendered on November 26, 1991

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal.

As to Ground 2

1. The facts as found by the court below are as follows.

A. The Plaintiff was working as a boiler engineer at the Gaenari Apartment management office. On August 25, 1988, at around 23:30, he was discovered by the Defendant's representative and residents drinking alcohol in his underwear together with five or six co-workers in the engine room of the said apartment complex. In addition to the fact of this drinking, the Defendant referred the Plaintiff to disciplinary action on the additional ground that, after being caught, rather than showing remorse, the Plaintiff responded with abusive language to the Defendant's representative and the residents who reprimanded him, saying things such as "Then I'll just quit, won't I? Is there a law against drinking?" The Defendant, without giving the Plaintiff even an opportunity to explain, dismissed the Plaintiff by way of disciplinary action on August 31 of the same year, based solely on a written resolution of the disciplinary committee members.

B. However, it was not the Plaintiff but Nonparty 1, who was drinking together with him, who responded with abusive language to the Defendant's representative and others who reprimanded them after being discovered at the drinking scene, and there is no evidence to show that the Plaintiff joined in doing so. Moreover, the fact that the Plaintiff and others were in their underwear at the time of discovery appears to have been an unavoidable act arising from the Plaintiff's situation of having to work in the engine room (boiler room), which was full of heat during the summer heat, rather than resulting from a laxity in work discipline.

C. Meanwhile, the drinking occasion in question arose incidentally when Nonparty 2, who had worked together with the Plaintiff in the engine room and was about to retire, received his wages that evening, bought alcohol and food, and visited the engine room where the Plaintiff was on duty, proposing that they console each other in light of their long-standing relationship. The Plaintiff worked a 24-hour shift every other day, and ordinarily, after coming to work at 09:00, handling routine tasks such as machine inspection and repair of defects, and finishing operation of the boiler by around 18:00, he was in a position where he could have relatively free time until he had to operate the boiler again at around 05:00 the next day, so long as he did not leave the engine room, his place of work. Given the circumstances, he was not in a position to refuse Nonparty 2's proposal, out of consideration for their relationship, and thus joined the drinking occasion in question.

D. The Defendant's personnel regulations provide six grounds for disciplinary action, including: where an employee has engaged in conduct contrary to the duties of an employee; where an employee has failed to perform official duties or has been negligent in the performance of duties; where an employee with a poor work record shows no sign of repentance; and where an employee has failed to comply with the regulations or other official orders. The regulations also enumerate six types of disciplinary measures: reprimand, salary reduction, suspension from attendance, suspension from duty, recommended resignation, and disciplinary dismissal (discharge).

2. Judgment of the court below

According to the above findings of fact, the Plaintiff's misconduct in drinking alcohol together with co-workers during working hours at the place of work falls under the grounds for disciplinary action prescribed in the Defendant's personnel regulations, namely, conduct contrary to the duties of an employee, failure to perform official duties or negligence in the performance of duties, or failure to comply with the regulations or official orders. However, even where an employee's misconduct falls under a ground for disciplinary action prescribed in the personnel regulations, in order for the employer to impose dismissal, the heaviest of the various disciplinary measures, on that ground, the degree of misconduct must be objectively so serious that it can be recognized that it would be manifestly unjust or unfair to the employer to maintain and continue the employment relationship with the employee in question. In this case, there were mitigating circumstances behind the Plaintiff's commission of the misconduct in question. Moreover, although the drinking occurred during working hours, in light of the Plaintiff's work pattern, the Plaintiff was in a position to use his time relatively freely after 21:00 until 05:00 the next day, when the boiler needed to be operated, so long as he did not leave the engine room, his place of work. In addition, the Plaintiff had worked relatively faithfully for more than ten years since being hired by the Defendant without committing any particular misconduct. In light of these circumstances, the misconduct found above is not of such a degree that maintaining the employment relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant would be manifestly unjust or unfair. Therefore, the Defendant's disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff based solely on the above misconduct exceeded the scope of the Defendant's discretionary authority to impose discipline, and is void, without any need to examine whether the procedure was lawful.

3. Judgment of this Court

If the facts are as found by the court below, the court below's determination that the Defendant's disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff was unlawful as exceeding the scope of discretionary authority is justified and may be upheld, and the argument disputing this is without merit.

As to Ground 1

1. According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below rejected the Defendant's argument that, since the Plaintiff, immediately after the dismissal, received without objection the advance dismissal notice allowance (해고예고수당) paid by the Defendant, thereby acquiescing in the effect of the dismissal, the Plaintiff could no longer dispute the effect of the dismissal, holding instead that the mere fact that the Plaintiff received the advance dismissal notice allowance from the Defendant without objection could not be deemed to constitute the Plaintiff's acquiescence in the effect of the dismissal, and that this could not render a dismissal that was void ab initio valid; therefore, the Defendant's argument on this point was without merit.

2. However, in this case, the Defendant's argument is not based solely on the fact that the Plaintiff received the advance dismissal notice allowance without objection.

According to the record, the Defendant's litigation counsel argued at the first instance that, since the Defendant provided the prescribed retirement allowance to the Plaintiff after the disciplinary dismissal and the Plaintiff received it without objection, the Plaintiff acquiesced in the disciplinary dismissal and cannot assert its invalidity (Answer Brief dated November 14, 1990). At the court below, the Defendant argued that where an employee, after being dismissed by the employer, receives the retirement allowance and dismissal allowance provided by the employer without reserving any condition, it must be deemed that the employee acknowledged the employer's dismissal as valid, and that for the Plaintiff to dispute the effect of the dismissal and seek confirmation of its invalidity only in July 1990, after one year and ten months had passed, violates the principle of estoppel and is unlawful. The Defendant further argued that in this case, the Plaintiff received without objection, immediately after the disciplinary dismissal, on October 6, 1988, a dismissal allowance of 270,740 won and the prescribed retirement allowance of 669,380 won from the Defendant, and that around that time, the Plaintiff even withdrew the petition for remedy that had been filed with the competent Labor Relations Commission on the ground that the disciplinary dismissal constituted an unfair labor practice, and that accordingly, the Plaintiff acquiesced in the disciplinary dismissal and cannot assert its invalidity (Preparatory Brief dated October 28, 1991). According to the contents of Defendant's Evidence No. 12-1, 2, 3 (dismissal allowance payment, payment slip, receipt), Defendant's Evidence No. 14-1, 2, 4 (retirement allowance payment, payment slip, receipt), and Defendant's Evidence No. 15-1 through 7 (petition for remedy, submission of answer, answer, statement of circumstances, notice of examination, notice of result of processing), it can be seen that the Plaintiff received a dismissal allowance of 373,690 won and a retirement allowance of 4,780,910 won on October 6, 1988, and that, meanwhile, Nonparty 1, the chairman of the labor union to which the Plaintiff belonged, filed a petition for remedy for unfair labor practice on September 1 of the same year with the Seoul Regional Labor Relations Commission, seeking reinstatement for himself, Nonparty 3, and the Plaintiff on the ground of unfair dismissal, but withdrew it on October 7 of the same year, while the investigation procedure was in progress, resulting in the case being closed.

3. Where an employee who has been dismissed or disciplinarily dismissed receives the retirement allowance and dismissal allowance without reserving any condition, it is reasonable to view, absent special circumstances, that the employee acknowledged the dismissal as valid, and it should be held that seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal only after a long period has elapsed thereafter, without reasonable grounds, is not permitted under the principle of good faith (see this Court's Decisions 90Daka25512 rendered on November 23, 1990; 90Da8084 rendered on April 12, 1991; 91Da9275 rendered on May 28 of the same year; and 90Da20428 rendered on October 25 of the same year).

However, even in such a case, where there are objective circumstances indicating that the employee did not acknowledge the effect of the dismissal and was disputing it, or where there are contrary circumstances suggesting that the allowance was received under circumstances involving other reasonable grounds, it should not be uniformly concluded that the effect of the dismissal was acknowledged merely because the retirement allowance or dismissal allowance was received without an explicit reservation of objection (see this Court's Decisions 71Da1635 rendered on June 27, 1972; 90Nu4952 rendered on January 25, 1991; 91Da2663 rendered on May 14 of the same year; and 91Da1806 rendered on June 28 of the same year). Furthermore, even where the filing of a suit for confirmation of the invalidity of dismissal was delayed, if the delay occurred for reasonable grounds, such as first filing a petition for remedy for unfair labor practice, or awaiting the outcome of reinstatement negotiations with the employer, or waiting in reliance on the employer's promise of reinstatement, it should be held that this does not violate the principle of good faith.

In addition, where a petition for remedy for unfair labor practice, once filed, is subsequently withdrawn, this cannot be uniformly evaluated; rather, the reasons and circumstances of the withdrawal must be examined to determine whether it was made with the intention of acknowledging the effect of the dismissal.

4. Therefore, in this case, the court below should have examined the reasons why the Plaintiff received the dismissal allowance and retirement allowance, whether he reserved any objection, the reasons and circumstances under which the chairman of the labor union to which the Plaintiff belonged filed the petition for remedy for unfair labor practice and subsequently withdrew it, whether this was done in consultation with the Plaintiff, and the reasons why the Plaintiff filed the instant action seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal, among other relief, only one year and ten months after the dismissal, and should have determined the merits of the Defendant's above argument based on these facts. However, according to the record, no such examination was conducted.

Upon examining the record, the Plaintiff argues that the Seoul Regional Labor Relations Commission urged the Defendant to reinstate the Plaintiff to his original position and the Defendant accepted this, but failed to fulfill this promise up until the date the suit was filed, and that the Plaintiff reported the unfair labor practice of the Defendant's then representative, resulting in a fine being imposed by summary order (Complaint); that if the Plaintiff had acquiesced in the disciplinary dismissal, this lawsuit would never have been filed (Preparatory Brief dated December 17, 1990); and that the Plaintiff had no particular occupation from immediately after the dismissal (Record of the 9th Oral Argument Session of the court below). Accordingly, the court below should also have examined whether the Plaintiff, believing that the Defendant's representative would reinstate him, first received the retirement allowance and dismissal allowance, withdrew the petition for remedy for unfair labor practice and waited, and, when the promise of reinstatement was not fulfilled, belatedly filed the instant lawsuit.

5. The judgment below is unlawful in that it misunderstood the purport of the Defendant's argument, failed to fully examine the matter, and failed to reach a complete determination thereon, and the argument to this extent has merit.

Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below. This decision is rendered as per the Order by the unanimous opinion of the Justices participating in the adjudication.

Justice Kim Seok-su (Presiding Justice), Lee Hoe-chang, Bae Man-un

【판결요지】

가. 해고나 징계해고를 당한 근로자가 퇴직금과 해고수당을 아무런 조건의 유보 없이 수령한 것이라면 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그 해고를 유효한 것으로 인정하였다고 보는 것이 상당하고, 상당한 이유 없이 그로부터 장기간이 경과한 뒤에야 해고무효의 확인청구를 하는 것은 신의성실의 원칙상 허용되지 않는다.

나. 위 “가”항의 경우라도 해고의 효력을 인정하지 아니하고 이를 다투고 있었다고 볼 수 있는 객관적인 사정이 있다거나, 그 외에 상당한 이유가 있는 상황하에서 이를 수령하는 등 반대의 사정이 있음이 엿보이는 때에는 명시적인 이의를 유보함이 없이 퇴직금이나 해고수당을 수령한 경우라고 하여도 일률적으로 해고의 효력을 인정하였다고 보아서는 안 될 것이고, 해고무효의 확인청구소송의 제기가 늦어진 경우에도 먼저 부당노동행위구제신청을 하느라고 늦어졌다거나 사용자와의 복귀교섭 결과를 기다리거나 사용자의 복귀약속을 믿고 기다리다가 늦어졌다는 등 상당한 이유가 있어서 그렇게 된 경우에는 신의성실의 원칙에 어긋나지 않는다고 보아야 한다.

【참조조문】

가.나. 민법 제2조, 근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1991.5.28. 선고 91다9275 판결(공1991,1763), 1991.10.25. 선고 90다20428 판결(공1991,2816), 1992.3.13. 선고 91다39085 판결(공1992,1303) / 나. 대법원 1991.1.25. 선고 90누4952 판결(공1991,878), 1991.5.14. 선고 91다2663 판결(공1991,1629), 1991.6.28. 선고 91다1806 판결(공1991,2027)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 5,172자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】

【피고, 상고인】 개나리아파트 입주자대표회의 소송대리인 변호사 이건호

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1991.11.26. 선고 91나29462 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

제2점에 대하여

1. 원심이 확정한 사실은 다음과 같다.

가. 원고는 개나리아파트관리사무소의 보일러기사로 근무하던 중, 1988.8.25. 23:30경 위 아파트의 기관실에서 동료직원 5-6명과 함께 속옷바람에 술을 마시다가 피고의 대표자 및 입주자들에게 적발된 사실이 있었는데, 피고는 위 음주사실 외에 원고가 위와 같이 적발당한 후에도 잘못을 뉘우치기는커녕 이를 나무라는 피고의 대표자 및 입주자들에게 “그만 두면 되지 않느냐, 술을 마시면 안되는 법이라도 있느냐”는 등의 폭언을 하면서 항거하였다는 사실까지 추가하여 징계에 회부한 다음, 원고에게는 해명의 기회조차 주지 아니한 채 징계위원들의 서면결의만으로 같은 해 8.31. 원고를 징계해고하였다.

나. 그런데 위 음주현장을 적발당한 후 이를 나무라는 피고의 대표자 등에게 폭언으로 항거한 것은 원고가 아니라 함께 술을 마시던 소외 1이었고, 원고도 이에 가세하였다고 볼 만한 증거는 없으며, 적발 당시 원고 등이 속옷차림을 하고 있었던 것은 근무기강의 해이에서 비롯되었다기보다는 한여름의 무더위에 열기로 가득한 기관실(보일러실)에서 근무를 하여야 하는 원고의 입장에서는 부득이한 행동이었다고 보여진다.

다. 한편 문제의 술자리는 그 동안 원고와 함께 기관실에서 근무하다가 퇴직하게 된 소외 2가 그날 저녁 급료를 수령하고 술과 안주를 사들고 원고가 근무중인 기관실로 찾아와 그 동안의 정리나 달래자고 제의함으로써 우연히 이루어진 자리였는데, 원고는 24시간 격일제 근무자로서 통상 09:00에 출근하여 기계점검, 하자보수 등 일상적인 업무를 처리하고 18:00경까지 보일러 가동을 끝내고 나면 다음날 05:00경 다시 보일러를 가동할 때까지는 근무장소인 기관실을 이탈하지 아니하는 한 다소 자유로운 시간을 가질 수 있는 형편이었고, 정리상 위 소외 2의 제의를 거절할 수도 없는 입장이어서 문제의 술자리에 동참하였던 것이다.

라. 피고의 인사규정에는 징계의 사유에 관하여, 직원의 본분에 배치되는 행위를 한 때, 직무상 의무를 이행하지 아니하거나 직무를 태만히 한 때, 근무성적이 불량한 자로서 개전의 정이 없을 때, 규정 또는 기타 직무상 명령을 준수하지 않은 때 등의 6가지 사유를 규정하고, 징계의 종류로는 견책, 감봉, 출근정지, 정직, 권고해직, 징계면직(해고) 등의 6가지 종류를 열거하고 있다.

2. 원심의 판단

위 인정사실에 의하면 근무시간 중에 근무장소에서 동료직원들과 함께 술을 마신 원고의 비위는 피고의 인사규정 소정의 징계사유인 직원의 본분에 배치되는 행위를 한 때, 직무상 의무를 이행하지 아니하거나 직무를 태만히 한 때, 또는 규정 내지 직무상 명령을 준수하지 아니한 때에는 해당한다 할 것이나, 근로자의 비위가 인사규정 소정의 징계사유에 해당한다 하더라도 사용자가 이를 이유로 여러 종류의 징계 중 가장 무거운 징계벌인 해고를 함에 있어서는 그 비위의 정도가 객관적으로 보아 장차 당해 근로자와 고용관계를 유지, 존속시키는 것이 사용자에게 현저하게 부당 또는 불공평하다고 인정될 수 있을 정도로 중한 것임을 요한다 할 것인바, 원고가 이사건 비위를 저지르게 된 데에는 참작할 만한 동기가 있을 뿐만 아니라 비록 근무시간 중에 술을 마신 것이기는 하나 원고의 근무형태에 비추어 보면 원고로서는 21:00 이후 보일러 가동시간인 다음날 05:00시 까지는 근무장소인 기관실을 이탈하지 아니하는 한 비교적 자유로이 시간을 활용할 수 있었던 점, 원고는 피고에게 채용된 이래 10년 이상 별다른 비위를 저지른 바 없이 비교적 성실하게 근무하여온 점 등에 비추어 보면, 위 인정의 비위사실을 원고와 피고사이의 고용관계를 계속 유지하게 하는 것이 현저하게 부당 또는 불공평한 정도의 것은 아니라고 할 것이므로, 피고가 위와 같은 비위사실만으로 원고를 징계해고한 것은 피고가 가지는 징계재량권의 범위를 벗어난 것으로서 그 절차의 적법 여부에 관하여 따질 필요도 없이 무효라 할 것이다.

3. 당원의 판단

사실관계가 원심이 인정한 바와 같다면 피고가 원고를 징계 해고한 것은 재량권의 범위를 벗어나 위법하다고 판단한 원심의 조처는 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 이를 다투는 논지는 이유 없다.

제1점에 대하여

1. 원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은, 피고는 위 해고 직후 피고가 지급하는 해고예고수당을 아무런 이의 없이 수령함으로써 위 해고의 효력을 용인한 원고로서는 더 이상 해고의 효력을 다툴 수 없다고 주장하나, 원고가 아무런 이의 없이 피고로부터 해고예고수당을 수령하였다는 사실만으로는 원고가 위 해고의 효력을 용인하였다고 할 수 없고, 이로써 당연무효인 해고가 유효한 것이 아니므로 이 점에 관한 피고의 주장은 이유 없다고 배척하였다.

2. 그러나 이 사건에서 피고가 주장하는 바는, 원고가 해고예고수당을 이의없이 수령하였다는 것만을 이유로 한 것이 아니다.

기록에 의하면 피고 소송대리인은 제1심에서, 피고가 위 징계해고 후 원고에게 소정의 퇴직금을 제공하고 원고는 이를 이의 없이 수령하였으므로 원고는 위 징계해고를 용인한 것이며 그 해고의 무효를 주장하지 못한다고 주장한바 있고(1990.11.14.자 답변서), 원심에서는 사용자가 근로자를 해고한 후 퇴직금과 해고수당을 제공한 것을 근로자가 아무런 조건의 유보 없이 수령하여 간 경우에는 근로자가 사용자의 해고를 유효한 것으로 인정하였다고 보아야하고, 그 후 1년 10개월이나 경과한 뒤인 1990.7.에 이르러서야 위 해고의 효력을 다투어 그 무효확인을 청구하는 것은 금반언의 원칙에 반하는 것으로 위법하며, 이 사건에서 원고는 피고로부터 위 징계해고 직후인 1988.10.6. 해고수당 금 270,740원과 피고 소정의 퇴직금 669,380원을 이의 없이 수령하였고, 그 무렵 원고는 위 징계해고가 부당노동행위라는 이유로 소관 노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였던 것을 취하하기까지 하였으므로, 이로써 원고는 위 징계해고를 용인한 것이며 그 해고의 무효를 주장하지 못한다고 주장한 바 있음을 알 수 있고(1991.10.28.자 준비서면), 을 제12호증의 1, 2, 3(해고수당지급, 지급전표, 영수증), 을 제14호증의 1, 2, 4(퇴직금지급, 지급전표, 영수증), 을 제15호증의 1 내지 7(구제신청서, 답변서제출, 답변서, 경위서, 신문통지, 처리결과통보)의 각 기재내용에 의하면 원고는 1988.10.6. 해고수당 금 373,690원과 퇴직금 4,780,910원을 영수하였고, 한편 원고 소속 노동조합의 위원장 소외 1은 같은 해 9.1. 그 자신 및 소외 3과 원고를 위하여 서울지방노동위원회에 부당해고의 복직을 청원하는 부당노동행위구제신청을 제출하였으나 그 조사절차가 진행 중이던 같은 해 10.7. 취하하여 종결처리된 것으로 되어 있다.

3. 해고나 징계해고를 당한 근로자가 퇴직금과 해고수당을 아무런 조건의 유보 없이 수령한 것이라면 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그 해고를 유효한 것으로 인정하였다고 보는 것이 상당하고, 상당한 이유 없이 그로부터 장기간이 경과한 뒤에야 해고무효의 확인청구를 하는 것은 신의성실의 원칙상 허용되지 않는다고 볼 것이다(당원 1990.11.23. 선고 90다카25512 판결; 1991.4.12. 선고 90다8084 판결; 같은 해 5.28. 선고 91다9275 판결; 같은 해 10.25. 선고 90다20428 판결 각 참조).

다만 이와 같은 경우라도 해고의 효력을 인정하지 아니하고 이를 다투고 있었다고 볼 수 있는 객관적인 사정이 있다거나, 그 외에 상당한 이유가 있는 상황하에서 이를 수령하는 등 반대의 사정이 있음이 엿보이는 때에는 명시적인 이의를 유보함이 없이 퇴직금이나 해고수당을 수령한 경우라고 하여도 일률적으로 해고의 효력을 인정하였다고 보아서는 안 될 것이고(당원 1972.6.27. 선고 71다1635 판결; 1991.1.25. 선고 90누4952 판결; 같은 해5.14. 선고 91다2663 판결; 같은 해 6.28. 선고 91다1806 판결 각 참조), 해고무효의 확인청구소송의 제기가 늦어진 경우에도 먼저 부당노동행위구제신청을 하느라고 늦어졌다거나 사용자와의 복귀교섭 결과를 기다리거나 사용자의 복귀약속을 믿고 기다리다가 늦어졌다는 등 상당한 이유가 있어서 그렇게 된 경우에는 신의성실의 원칙에 어긋나지 않는다고 보아야 할 것이다.

그리고 일단 제기한 부당노동행위구제신청을 취하한 경우에는 일률적으로 평가할 수 없고, 이를 취하한 이유나 경위를 알아보아 이것이 해고의 효력을 인정하는 뜻으로 한 것인지 여부를 판단하여야 할 것이다.

4. 그러므로 이 사건에서 원심으로서는 원고가 해고수당과 퇴직금을 수령한 이유, 이의를 남겼는지 여부, 원고 소속 노동조합의 위원장이 부당노동행위구제신청을 하고, 또 이를 취하한 이유나 경위, 원고와 상의하여 그렇게 한 것인지 여부, 원고가 이 사건 해고무효확인 등 청구소송을 해고 후 1년 10월이 지나서야 제기한 이유 등을 알아보아 이 사실관계에 터잡아 피고의 위 주장의 당부를 판단을 하여야 할 것인데, 기록에 의하면 이에 대한 심리가 되어 있지 않다.

기록을 살펴보면 원고는, 서울지방노동위원회에서 피고에게 원고를 원직에 복귀시킬 것을 종용하여 피고가 이를 수락하였으나 소제기일까지 그 약속을 이행하지 아니하고 있고, 원고는 피고의 당시 대표자의 부당노동행위를 고발하여 약식명령에 의하여 벌금을 받게 한 일이 있고(소장), 만약 원고가 위 징계해고를 용인하였다면 이 사건 소에 이르지도 않았을 것이고(1990.12.17. 자 준비서면), 원고는 해고된 직후부터 별다른 직업이 없었다고(원심의 9차 변론조서) 주장하고 있으므로, 원심으로서는 이 점도 살펴보아 피고 대표자가 원고를 복귀시켜 주겠다고 하므로 퇴직금과 해고수당을 일단 수령하고, 부당노동행위구제신청을 취하하여 기다리다가 복귀약속이 이행되지 않으므로 뒤늦게 이 사건 소송을 제기하기에 이른 것인지 여부도 살펴보아야 할 것이다.

5. 원심판결에는 피고의 주장취지를 오해하여 심리를 미진하고 그에 대한 판단을 다하지 아니한 위법이 있다고 할 것이고, 논지는 이 범위 안에서 이유있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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