Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 91다41477

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1992. 06. 09. Court대법원Case remanded (employer's position upheld on the prior consultation issue)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addresses whether a company's failure to follow the prior consultation (사전협의) procedure required under a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) before dismissing a union officer renders the dismissal invalid. The Supreme Court held that such prior consultation merely provides the union an opportunity to express its opinion, rather than requiring the union's approval or consent. Consequently, if the union already knew about the grounds for dismissal in advance, the employer's failure to conduct formal prior consultation does not invalidate the dismissal.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA company dismissed a union officer without following the prior consultation procedure with the union as required under the collective bargaining agreement (단체협약).
  • OutcomeThe court ruled that 'prior consultation' under the agreement means only an opportunity for the union to state its opinion, not a requirement for union consent; since the union already knew of the grounds for dismissal, the dismissal remained valid despite the procedural omission.
  • LessonEven where a collective bargaining agreement requires prior consultation before disciplining a union officer, a procedural defect alone will not invalidate the action if the union already had advance knowledge of the underlying grounds.
Issues
  • The legal meaning and binding effect of the 'prior consultation' procedure for union officers under a collective bargaining agreement
  • Whether a dismissal is valid when the employer failed to follow the prior consultation procedure specified in the collective bargaining agreement
Key reasoning

The 'prior consultation' clause in a collective bargaining agreement does not grant the union a right of consent or approval over personnel decisions affecting its officers; it only obligates the employer to provide the union with an opportunity to state its opinion before taking action. Therefore, the legal effect of skipping this procedure depends on whether the union was substantively deprived of a meaningful opportunity to be heard. Where the union already had prior knowledge of the circumstances giving rise to the dismissal, the purpose of the consultation requirement is effectively satisfied even without formal consultation. Under such circumstances, the employer's procedural omission does not constitute a substantive violation sufficient to invalidate the dismissal. Accordingly, the dismissal remains valid despite the procedural lapse.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

Where a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) provides that “personnel matters and disciplinary actions concerning union officials shall be conducted after prior consultation with the labor union,” such “prior consultation,” when considered in relation to the collective bargaining agreement as a whole and in light of the practices between labor and management, should reasonably be understood as being intended merely to prevent the employer’s arbitrary exercise of personnel or disciplinary authority over union officials from impeding the normal activities of the labor union; that is, it requires the employer to notify the labor union in advance of the content of any personnel action or disciplinary measure concerning a union official, so as to give the labor union an opportunity to present any opinions necessary to ensure the fairness of the personnel action or disciplinary measure, and to have such opinions considered as reference material. Moreover, in a case where, pursuant to a provision of the collective bargaining agreement stating that an employee shall be treated as having automatically retired upon the occurrence of a specified ground for retirement, without the employer having to follow a separate procedure such as that required for disciplinary action, the employer processes the retirement on that basis, if the labor union already knew that such a ground for automatic retirement had already arisen with respect to that employee, or would arise in the near future, there is no need to require that the above prior consultation procedure be undertaken again. Accordingly, this is a case holding that the mere fact that a retirement disposition concerning a union official was made without undergoing the aforementioned prior consultation does not necessarily affect the validity of that disposition.

Full text (English, AI translation) 7,710 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees]

[Defendant, Appellant] Dongyang Nylon Co., Ltd., Attorney Oh Seong-hwan, counsel for the Defendant

[Judgment Below] Busan High Court Decision 91Na629 rendered October 10, 1991

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed.
The case is remanded to the Busan High Court.

[Reasoning]

The Court judges the Defendant's counsel's grounds of appeal Nos. 1 and 2 together.

1. The court below found the following facts: the Defendant Company, in its collective agreement with the Dongyang Nylon Labor Union affiliated with the Federation of Korean Textile Workers' Unions (hereinafter abbreviated as the "Labor Union"), has a retirement provision (Article 31) allowing a union member to be immediately retired without going through disciplinary procedures, listing "where a person has been convicted of a criminal offense" (subparagraph 7 of the same Article) as one of the grounds therefor, provided that where the person concerned is an officer of the Labor Union, such action is to be taken after prior consultation with the Labor Union (Article 21, subparagraph 2); the Plaintiffs, who are employees of the Defendant Company, were elected as officers of the Labor Union on April 12, 1989 and, while serving in that capacity, led an illegal labor dispute from June 1 onward, obstructing the work of employees and workers of the Defendant Company and of businesses registered as resident contractors at the Defendant Company, and, in order to actively induce workers to participate in the strike and to prevent them from defecting, resolved to deduct wages from non-participating workers according to the number of days of non-participation, and on June 30 caused striking workers to receive KRW 3,994,000 out of the wages of 369 non-participating workers, thereby extorting such amount; that, upon complaint filed by the Defendant Company and others, the Plaintiffs were indicted while under arrest for the above criminal acts, and on December 29, 1989, the Ulsan Branch of the Busan District Court sentenced Plaintiff 1 and Plaintiff 2 each to one year of imprisonment, and sentenced the remaining Plaintiffs each to one year of imprisonment with two years of suspended execution (although the Plaintiffs appealed against the said judgment, the Busan High Court, on April 12, 1990, affirmed the same criminal facts as found below while reducing the sentence of each to ten months' imprisonment, and the appellate judgment became final and conclusive as to all Plaintiffs by April 20, 1990); and that on December 30, 1989, the Defendant Company, on the ground that the Plaintiffs' aforesaid conduct fell under Article 31, subparagraph 7 of the collective agreement, imposed the retirement disposition at issue in this case upon the Plaintiffs without any prior consultation whatsoever with the Labor Union. Based on these findings, the court below determined that, since the Defendant Company had not consulted with the Labor Union in imposing the retirement disposition upon the Plaintiffs, who were officers of the Labor Union, the retirement disposition at issue must be held void due to a material procedural defect.

2. However, upon examining the relevant evidence against the record, in light of the overall structure and content of the collective agreement as found by the court below, the fact that Article 21, subparagraph 2 thereof provides that "personnel matters and disciplinary actions concerning officers of the Labor Union (executive committee members, delegates) shall be conducted after prior consultation with the Labor Union," thereby requiring "prior consultation" with respect to personnel matters and disciplinary actions in general, and taking into account the relationship of this provision to the collective agreement as a whole as well as the customary practices between labor and management, such "prior consultation" should be understood, unlike a provision requiring the Defendant to obtain the Labor Union's approval or consent, or requiring both labor and management to consult and jointly decide the matter for the purpose of comprehensively restricting the Defendant's authority over personnel matters or disciplinary actions by making such authority subject to the mutual agreement of the Defendant and the Labor Union, as being intended merely to prevent the Defendant's arbitrary exercise of its personnel or disciplinary authority over officers of the Labor Union from impeding the normal activities of the Labor Union, by requiring the Defendant to notify the Labor Union in advance of the content of personnel actions or disciplinary measures concerning officers of the Labor Union, thereby giving the Labor Union an opportunity to present opinions necessary to ensure fairness in personnel actions or disciplinary measures, and having the Defendant merely take the opinions so presented into consideration as reference material. Therefore, the mere fact that the retirement disposition at issue against the Plaintiffs was made without such prior consultation cannot necessarily be said to affect its validity.

Moreover, under Article 31 of the collective agreement, which provides that where a worker falls under a certain ground for retirement, the Defendant is to treat the worker as automatically retired without following a separate procedure such as that applicable to disciplinary measures, in a case such as the present one where the Defendant imposes a retirement disposition upon the Plaintiffs pursuant to that Article, if the Labor Union had already known in advance that such a ground for automatic retirement had already arisen or would soon arise with respect to the Plaintiffs (according to the entry in Exhibit A No. 2, which the court below adopted as evidence, it can be seen that on September 6, 1989, after the Plaintiffs had been detained for the aforementioned criminal acts, the Defendant reached a labor-management agreement with the acting chairman and others representing the Labor Union regarding the situation up to that point, in which the Defendant agreed to recognize the Plaintiffs' status as employees during their period of detention and not to impose any adverse personnel action upon them until the rendering of the first-instance judgment; from this fact, it must be found that the Labor Union already knew, prior to the retirement disposition at issue in this case, that a ground for retirement under Article 31, subparagraph 7 of the collective agreement could arise upon the rendering of a conviction against the Plaintiffs), then there would be no need to require the Defendant to undergo the aforesaid prior consultation procedure once again. Accordingly, it is difficult to conclude that there was a material procedural defect in the retirement disposition at issue in this case merely because the Defendant imposed the retirement disposition without undergoing such prior consultation.

Nevertheless, the court below determined that the retirement disposition at issue against the Plaintiffs was void solely on the ground that the Defendant had not consulted with the Labor Union. The judgment below thus contains an error in misconstruing "prior consultation" as provided in the collective agreement, thereby erroneously determining the validity of the retirement disposition, and it is clear that this error affected the judgment. Accordingly, the argument that appears to point out this error has merit.

3. Therefore, without ruling on the Defendant's counsel's ground of appeal No. 3, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and judgment. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the participating Justices.

【판결요지】

단체협약상 “노동조합 간부의 인사 및 징계는 사전에 노동조합과 협의하여 행한다”라고 규정한 경우 이 규정의 단체협약 전체와의 관련과 노사의 관행 등을 감안하여 볼 때, 위와 같은 “사전협의”는, 노동조합의 간부에 대한 사용자의 자의적인 인사권이나 징계권의 행사로 노동조합의 정상적인 활동이 저해되는 것을 방지하려는 취지에서 사용자로 하여금 노동조합의 간부에 대한 인사나 징계의 내용을 노동조합에 미리 통지하도록 하여 노동조합에게 인사나 징계의 공정을 기하기 위하여 필요한 의견을 제시할 기회를 주고 제시된 노동조합의 의견을 참고자료로 고려하게 하는 정도에 지나지 않는 것이라고 봄이 상당하고, 더욱이 근로자가 일정한 퇴직사유에 해당하기만 하면 사용자가 징계처분의 경우와 같은 절차를 따로 밟지 아니하고 바로 당연히 퇴직한 것으로 처리하도록 하고 있는 단체협약 규정에 따라 퇴직처분을 하는 경우에 있어서는, 노동조합이 그 근로자에게 그와 같은 당연퇴직사유가 이미 발생하였거나 머지않아 발생할 것임을 미리 알고 있었다면 다시 위와 같은 사전협의절차를 밟도록 하여야 할 필요가 있다고도 할 수 없으므로, 노동조합 간부에 대한 퇴직처분이 위와 같은 사전협의를 거치지 아니한 채 행하여졌다고 하여 반드시 그 효력에 영향이 있는 것이라고 할 수 없다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

대법원 1992.4.14. 선고 91다4775 판결(공1992,1554), 1992.6.9. 선고 91다41484 판결(동지)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,822자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】

【피고, 상고인】 동양나이론주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 오성환

【원심판결】 부산고등법원 1991.10.10. 선고 91나629 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기한다.

사건을 부산고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 피고소송대리인의 상고이유 제1점과 제2점에 대하여 함께 판단한다.

1. 원심은, 피고 회사는 전국섬유노동조합연맹 동양나이론 노동조합(이 뒤에는 “노동조합”이라고 줄여쓴다)과의 단체협약에, 징계절차를 거치지 아니하고 조합원을 바로 퇴직하게 할 수 있는 퇴직규정(제31조)을 두어 “형사상의 범죄로 인하여 유죄판결을 받았을 경우”(같은조 제7호)를 그 사유의 하나로 삼고 있으며, 다만 그 해당자가 노동조합의 간부일 경우에는 사전에 노동조합과 협의하여 행하도록 규정하고(제21조 제2호) 있는 사실, 피고 회사의 근로자인 원고들은 1989.4.12. 노동조합의 간부로 선출되어 활동하여 오면서 6.1.부터 불법쟁의를 주도하여 피고 회사와 피고 회사 상주등록업체들의 직원 및 근로자의 업무를 방해하고, 근로자들의 파업에의 참여를 적극 유도하면서 이탈하는 것을 방지하기 위하여 파업불참자들에 대하여 불참일수에 따라 봉급을 공제할 것을 결의하고, 파업참가 근로자들로 하여금 6.30. 불참근로자 369명의 월급 중 금 3,994,000원을 받게 하여 이를 갈취한 사실, 원고들이 피고 회사 등의 고소에 따라 위와 같은 범죄사실로 구속기소되어 1989.12.29. 부산지방법원 울산지원에서 원고 1, 2은 각 징역 1년, 나머지 원고들은 각 징역 1년에 집행유예 2년의 유죄판결을 선고받은 사실(원고들이 위 판결에 불복 항소하였으나 부산고등법원은 1990.4.12. 위 범죄사실을 그대로 인정하고 다만 그 형량을 각 징역 10월로 낮추어 선고하였고, 그 항소심판결은 1990.4.20.까지 모두 확정되었다), 피고 회사가 1989.12.30. 원고들의 위와 같은 행위가 단체협약 제31조 제7호에 해당한다는 이유로 노동조합과 아무런 사전협의를 거치지 아니하고 원고들에 대하여 이 사건 퇴직처분을 한 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 피고 회사가 노동조합의 간부인 원고들에 대하여 퇴직처분을 함에 있어 노동조합과 이에 관한 협의를 한 바 없으므로 결국 이 사건 퇴직처분은 그 절차에 중대한 하자가 있어 무효라고 볼 수밖에 없다고 판단하였다.

2. 그러나 관계증거를 기록과 대조하여 검토하면, 원심이 판시한 단체협약의 전체적인 체계 및 내용과 그 제21조 제2호가 “노동조합 간부(상집, 대의원)의 인사 및 징계는 사전에 노동조합과 협의하여 행한다”고 규정함으로써 인사 및 징계 전반에 관하여 “사전협의”를 거치게 하고 있는 점 및 이 규정의 단체협약 전체와의 관련 그리고 노사의 관행 등을 감안하여 볼 때, 위와 같은 “사전협의”는, 피고와 노동조합의 합치된 의사에 따르게 함으로써 피고의 인사권이나 징계권을 전반적으로 제한하려는 취지에서 피고로 하여금 노동조합의 승인 또는 동의를 얻거나 노사쌍방이 협의하여 공동으로 결정하도록 규정하는 경우와는 달라, 노동조합의 간부에 대한 피고의 자의적인 인사권이나 징계권의 행사로 노동조합의 정상적인 활동이 저해되는 것을 방지하려는 취지에서 피고로 하여금 노동조합의 간부에 대한 인사나 징계의 내용을 노동조합에 미리 통지하도록 하여 노동조합에게 인사나 징계의 공정을 기하기 위하여 필요한 의견을 제시할 기회를 주고 제시된 노동조합의 의견을 참고자료로 고려하게 하는 정도에 지나지 않는 것이라고 봄이 상당하므로, 원고들에 대한 이 사건 퇴직처분이 위와 같은 사전협의를 거치지 아니한 채 행하여졌다고 하여 반드시 그 효력에 영향이 있는 것이라고 할 수는 없다.

더욱이, 근로자가 일정한 퇴직사유에 해당하기만 하면 피고가 징계처분의 경우와 같은 절차를 따로 밟지 아니하고 바로 당연히 퇴직한 것으로 처리하도록 규정하고 있는 단체협약 제31조에 따라, 피고가 원고들에 대하여 퇴직처분을 하는 이 사건과 같은 경우에 있어서, 노동조합이 원고들에게 그와 같은 당연퇴직사유가 이미 발생하였거나 머지않아 발생할 것임을 미리 알고 있었다면(원심이 증거로 채용한 갑 제2호증의 기재에 의하면, 원고들이 위와 같은 범죄사실로 구속된 후인 1989.9.6. 노동조합을 대표한 위원장직무대행자 등과 그때까지의 사태에 관하여 노사합의를 하면서, 피고는 원고들에 대하여 구속기간 중 사원신분을 인정하고 1심판결선고시까지 인사상 불이익을 주지 않기로 약정한 사실이 있음을 알 수 있는바, 이 사실에 의하면 노동조합은 원고들에 대하여 유죄판결이 선고됨으로써 단체협약 제31조 제7호 소정의 퇴직사유가 발생할 수 있음을 이 사건 퇴직처분 전에 이미 알고 있었다고 보아야 할 것이다), 피고로 하여금 다시 위와 같은 사전협의절차를 밟도록 하여야 할 필요가 있다고도 할 수 없으므로, 피고가 위와 같은 사전협의를 거치지 아니한 채 이사건 퇴직처분을 하였다고 하여 이 사건 퇴직처분의 절차에 중대한 하자가 있다고 보기는 어렵다.

그럼에도 불구하고, 원심은 피고가 노동조합과의 사이에 협의를 한 바가 없다는 이유만으로 원고들에 대한 이 사건 퇴직처분이 무효라고 판단하였으니, 원심판결에는 위 단체협약 소정의 “사전협의”에 관한 해석을 그르쳐 퇴직처분의 효력을 잘못 판단한 위법이 있다고 하지 않을 수 없고, 이와 같은 위법은 판결에 영향을 미친 것임이 분명하므로, 이 점을 지적하는 것으로 보이는 논지는 이유가 있다.

3. 그러므로 피고소송대리인의 상고이유 제3점에 대한 판단을 생략한 채 원심판결을 파기하고, 다시 심리판단케 하기 위하여 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 관여 법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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