[Plaintiff, Appellant]
[Defendant, Appellee] Eunma Tourism Co., Ltd.
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 90Na1948, decided July 13, 1990
[Order]
The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.
[Reasoning]
1. As to the first ground of appeal.
A disposition of dismissal is a disposition whose direct purpose is to extinguish the employment relationship itself between the employee and the employer; it does not have as its content a change of the employee's position. Therefore, the purpose of an action seeking confirmation of the invalidity of a dismissal is to restore the employment relationship itself by confirming the invalidity of the dismissal, that is, the continued existence of the employment relationship between the employee and the employer, and not to restore the employee to the position he held before the dismissal. This is because, while a reassignment or transfer of an employee may constitute a disposition disadvantageous to the employee in that it brings about a change in the type, content, or place of the labor the employee is to provide, such reassignment or transfer in principle falls within the authority of the employer (the holder of personnel authority), and a considerable degree of discretion must be recognized in the employer within the scope necessary for business purposes; and, absent special circumstances such as a violation of Article 27(1) or Article 105 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) or an abuse of rights, such reassignment cannot be deemed void as a matter of course (see this Court's Decision 86Daka2567, decided February 28, 1989). In light of this legal principle, even if a judgment confirming the invalidity of the dismissal becomes final and the employee is reinstated to his original position, the employer may, absent special circumstances, issue an order transferring the employee to a different position as noted above, so the employee has no choice but to comply with that transfer order; consequently, the purpose of restoring the employee to his original position cannot be achieved merely through a confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal.
According to the facts as found by the court below, the Plaintiff, while working as a tour bus driver for the Defendant company, was dismissed on November 23, 1988; however, the Defendant company, following a resolution of its personnel committee, reinstated the Plaintiff by a personnel order dated February 26, 1990, to work in a sales/administrative position, but the Plaintiff did not comply with this and refused to provide labor, and since April 7, 1990, has been employed and working at the non-party Cheonil Express Arirang Tourism Co., Ltd. In these circumstances, even though the Defendant reinstated the Plaintiff not to the position of driver, which he held before the dismissal, but to a sales/administrative position, insofar as the Defendant, by doing so, acknowledged the continued existence of the employment relationship itself between the Plaintiff and the Defendant and reinstated him, the Plaintiff may separately dispute the validity of the transfer to the sales/administrative position, but he has no interest in seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal. The court below, on the same reasoning, dismissed the portion of the action seeking confirmation of the invalidity of the dismissal in this case, and determined that the Plaintiff's failure to provide labor after the aforementioned reinstatement order was attributable to the Plaintiff's own fault, and accordingly rejected the Plaintiff's claim for wages; this determination is proper, and there is no error of misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the interest in bringing an action for confirmation of invalidity of dismissal or concerning a reinstatement order. Therefore, this ground of appeal is without merit.
2. As to the second ground of appeal.
According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, based on the evidence cited, found that the Defendant company, after dismissing the Plaintiff, transferred all of its tour buses to the non-party Gwangju Express Tourism Co., Ltd. around March 1988, and that as of February 26, 1990, the time of the reinstatement in this case, there was no bus available for operation, and therefore the Defendant was unable to reinstate the Plaintiff to the position of driver; the court below rejected evidence inconsistent with this finding. Upon examination of the record, the selection and evaluation of evidence conducted by the court below in making this finding are proper and acceptable, and there is no error of misapprehending the rules of evidence and thereby misconstruing the facts, as argued in the grounds of appeal. Therefore, this ground of appeal is without merit.
Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.
Justice Park Woo-dong (Presiding Justice), Bae Seok, Kim Sang-won, Yoon Young-cheol