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대법원 99두1809

Revocation of Reexamination Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy (부당해고구제재심판정취소)부당해고구제재심판정취소

Decided1999. 05. 11. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A building management company outsourced its facility management operations to a specialized contractor for business reasons, abolishing the relevant department. Although the contractor agreed to hire all affected employees while guaranteeing their current salaries, some employees refused and were subsequently laid off through a reduction-in-force (정리해고). The Supreme Court held that this layoff satisfied all four legal requirements for a valid reduction-in-force and was therefore lawful. The Court also established the principle that 'urgent business necessity' is not limited to avoiding insolvency but extends to any objectively reasonable workforce reduction.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A building management company outsourced its facility management work to an external contractor, abolished the relevant department, and laid off employees who refused the contractor's offer to hire them all while guaranteeing their current salaries.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled the layoff valid, finding that all four requirements for a lawful reduction-in-force (business necessity, efforts to avoid dismissal, fair selection criteria, and good-faith consultation) were satisfied.
  • LessonLesson: When employers arrange for an outside company to hire affected workers while preserving their current salary, this can be recognized as a sufficient effort to avoid dismissal, so employees should carefully consider such offers before rejecting them.
Issues
  • What are the requirements for a valid reduction-in-force (정리해고) dismissal?
  • How broadly should 'urgent business necessity' be interpreted—does it require actual risk of insolvency?
  • Does an outsourcing company's guaranteed hire offer (with salary preservation) count as a sufficient dismissal-avoidance effort?
Key reasoning

For a reduction-in-force (정리해고) to be valid under Korean labor law, an employer must satisfy four cumulative requirements: (1) urgent business necessity, (2) genuine efforts to avoid dismissal, (3) reasonable and fair selection criteria for those dismissed, and (4) good-faith consultation with affected workers or their representatives. The Court clarified that 'urgent business necessity' is not confined to situations of imminent bankruptcy but also includes objectively reasonable measures to reduce personnel for legitimate business reasons. In this case, the contractor's offer to hire all employees while preserving their existing salary levels was found to constitute a sufficient effort to avoid dismissal, satisfying the second requirement. Since all four requirements were met, the Court concluded that the dismissal was lawful and not an unfair dismissal (부당해고).

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] In order for a so-called "restructuring dismissal" (정리해고), whereby an enterprise dismisses employees due to managerial necessity, to be deemed justified, it must be recognized, upon overall and comprehensive consideration of various circumstances—including whether it was based on an urgent managerial necessity, whether the employer made reasonable efforts to avoid the dismissal, whether the persons to be dismissed were selected according to objective and reasonable standards, and whether there was good-faith consultation with the labor union or the employees, among other matters—that the dismissal in question possesses objective reasonableness and social propriety. Here, "urgent managerial necessity" should not be interpreted as limited solely to circumstances necessary to avoid the enterprise's bankruptcy, but should be understood to include cases where the reduction of personnel is objectively recognized as reasonable.

[2] A case holding that, where a building management company, due to managerial necessity, outsourced the facility management business of a building to a specialized service company, and where it was agreed that the entrusted company would take over all employees whose positions were being abolished while guaranteeing their current wages, the restructuring dismissal of an employee who refused to comply with this arrangement was justified.

Full text (English, AI translation) 4,455 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Poongsung Building Co., Ltd. (Attorney-in-fact: Aram Law Firm, Attorney Park Jong-baek and 2 others)
[Defendant, Appellant] Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission
[Defendant's Assistant Intervenors] Defendant's Assistant Intervenor 1 and 3 others
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 97Gu28539 rendered on December 17, 1998

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

In order for a so-called restructuring dismissal (redundancy dismissal), whereby an enterprise dismisses employees due to managerial necessity, to be deemed justifiable, it must be recognized, upon overall and comprehensive consideration of various circumstances—including whether the dismissal was based on urgent managerial necessity, whether the employer made reasonable efforts to avoid the dismissal, whether the persons subject to dismissal were selected according to objective and reasonable standards, and whether sincere consultation was held with the labor union or the employees, among other matters—that the dismissal in question possesses objective reasonableness and social propriety. Here, "urgent managerial necessity" need not be limited to cases aimed at avoiding the bankruptcy of the enterprise, but should also be construed to include cases where a reduction in personnel is objectively found to be reasonable (see Supreme Court Decision 96Nu8031 rendered on September 5, 1997).

The court below found the following facts: the Plaintiff company, having been entrusted with the management of Poongsung Building since around 1991, experienced approximately six heating and power outage incidents due to its insufficient facility management capability as a small-scale enterprise, and failed to respond effectively to these incidents, thereby receiving strong protests from the building's occupants; when, on June 14, 1996, the building's owner demanded that a more technical and reasonable fundamental measure be devised regarding the facility management system and methods, the Plaintiff company, at a board of directors meeting held on June 15, 1996, resolved to abolish its facility management operations and to outsource them to a specialized service company, and on September 11, 1996, entered into a service contract for facility management with Jinyang Maintenance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter "the non-party company"); in concluding the above service contract, the Plaintiff company agreed with the non-party company that, since the non-party company would be undertaking the facility management of the building, all six employees of the Plaintiff company's facility management department, whose organizational unit was to be abolished, would be taken over in their entirety by the non-party company while guaranteeing their current wages (including retirement allowances); the Plaintiff company explained these circumstances to the employees and gave notice of dismissal on August 30, 1996; and when only the Defendant's assistant intervenors failed to comply with this arrangement, the Plaintiff company dismissed them on October 1, 1996. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the dismissal in this case, which resulted from the abolition of the organizational unit to which the Defendant's assistant intervenors belonged due to the outsourcing of the building's facility management operations to a specialized service company for managerial necessity, was justified as possessing objective reasonableness and social propriety, upon overall and comprehensive consideration of various circumstances including the reasonableness of the personnel reduction, the establishment of restructuring criteria, efforts to avoid dismissal, and consultation with the employees.

Upon examination, the fact-finding and judgment of the court below are correct, and there is no illegality therein, such as a violation of the rules of evidence, insufficient deliberation, or misapprehension of legal principles, as alleged in the grounds of appeal. Furthermore, the precedent of this Court cited in the grounds of appeal is not appropriate to be invoked in this case. Accordingly, all grounds of appeal are rejected.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party, as set forth in the Order.

Supreme Court Justices Shin Seong-taek (Presiding Justice), Park Jun-seo, Lee Im-su, Seo Seong (Justice in charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 기업이 경영상의 필요에 의하여 근로자를 해고하는 이른바 정리해고가 정당하다고 하려면, 그것이 긴박한 경영상의 필요에 의한 것인지 여부, 사용자가 해고회피를 위하여 상당한 노력을 하였는지 여부, 객관적이고 합리적인 기준에 의하여 해고대상자를 선정하였는지 여부, 그 밖에 노동조합이나 근로자 측과의 성실한 협의 등을 거쳤는지 여부 등 여러 사정을 전체적, 종합적으로 고려하여 당해 해고가 객관적 합리성과 사회적 상당성을 지닌 것으로 인정될 수 있어야 하고, 여기서 긴박한 경영상의 필요라 함은 반드시 기업의 도산을 회피하기 위한 경우에 한정되지 아니하고, 인원삭감이 객관적으로 보아 합리성이 있다고 인정될 경우도 포함되는 것으로 보아야 한다.

[2] 건물관리 회사가 경영상의 필요에 의하여 건물의 시설관리업무를 전문용역업체에 위탁함에 따라 직제가 폐지되는 근로자들을 수탁업체가 현 급여를 보장하면서 전원 인수하기로 합의한 경우, 이에 불응한 근로자에 대한 정리해고가 정당하다고 본 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제27조 제1항(현행 제30조 제1항, 제31조 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제27조 제1항(현행 제30조 제1항, 제31조 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1995. 12. 22. 선고 94다52119 판결(공1996상, 480), 대법원 1997. 9. 5. 선고 96누8031 판결(공1997하, 3116), 대법원 1999. 4. 27. 선고 99두202 판결(공1999상, 1074)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,541자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 주식회사 풍성빌딩 (소송대리인 법무법인 아람 담당변호사 박종백 외 2인)

【피고, 상고인】 중앙노동위원회 위원장

【피고보조참가인】 피고보조참가인 1 외 3인

【원심판결】 서울고법 1998. 12. 17. 선고 97구28539 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】기업이 경영상의 필요에 의하여 근로자를 해고하는 이른바 정리해고가 정당하다고 하려면, 그것이 긴박한 경영상의 필요에 의한 것인지 여부, 사용자가 해고회피를 위하여 상당한 노력을 하였는지 여부, 객관적이고 합리적인 기준에 의하여 해고대상자를 선정하였는지 여부, 그 밖에 노동조합이나 근로자 측과의 성실한 협의 등을 거쳤는지 여부 등 여러 사정을 전체적, 종합적으로 고려하여 당해 해고가 객관적 합리성과 사회적 상당성을 지닌 것으로 인정될 수 있어야 하고, 여기서 긴박한 경영상의 필요라 함은 반드시 기업의 도산을 회피하기 위한 경우에 한정되지 아니하고, 인원삭감이 객관적으로 보아 합리성이 있다고 인정될 경우도 포함되는 것으로 보아야 한다(대법원 1997. 9. 5. 선고 96누8031 판결 참조).

원심은, 원고 회사가 1991.경부터 풍성빌딩을 위탁받아 관리하여 오던 중, 영세업체로서의 시설관리능력 부족으로 6회 가량의 난방 및 정전사고가 발생하고 이에 효율적으로 대처하지 못하여 입주자들로부터 거센 항의를 받고, 1996. 6. 14. 건물의 소유주로부터 시설관리체계나 방법에 대한 좀더 기술적이고 합리적인 근본 대책을 마련하라는 요구를 받기에 이르자, 1996. 6. 15. 개최된 이사회에서 시설관리업무를 폐지하고 이를 전문용역업체에 위탁하기로 결의하고, 1996. 9. 11. 진양메인터넌스 주식회사(다음부터는 소외 회사라 한다)와 시설관리업무 도급계약을 체결한 사실, 원고 회사는 위 도급계약을 체결하면서 소외 회사와 사이에 소외 회사가 위 빌딩의 시설관리를 수급하게 됨에 따라 직제가 폐지되는 원고 회사의 시설관리과 직원 6명을 현 급여(퇴직금 포함)를 보장하면서 전원 인수하기로 합의하고, 위 직원들에게 이러한 사정을 설명하고 1996. 8. 30. 해고예고를 하였는데, 피고보조참가인들만이 이에 응하지 아니하자 1996. 10. 1. 그들을 해고한 사실을 인정한 다음, 이 사건 해고는 경영상의 필요에 의하여 위 빌딩의 시설관리업무를 전문용역업체에 위탁함에 따라 직제가 폐지되는 피고보조참가인들을 해고하게 된 것으로서 인원삭감의 타당성과 정리기준의 설정, 해고회피를 위한 노력과 근로자 측과의 협의 등 여러 사정을 전체적·종합적으로 고려하여 볼 때 객관적 합리성과 사회적 상당성을 지녀 정당하다고 판단하였다.

살펴보니, 원심의 사실인정과 판단은 옳고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 채증법칙 위배나 심리미진 또는 법리오해의 위법이 없으며, 상고이유에서 들고 있는 이 법원의 판결은 이 사건에 원용하기에 적절하지 않다. 따라서 상고이유는 모두 받아들이지 아니한다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 신성택(재판장) 박준서 이임수 서성(주심)

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