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대법원 97누7325

Revocation of Suspension from Duty (정직처분취소)정직처분취소

Decided1997. 11. 14. Court대법원Employer (Government/Police Agency) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case involves a police officer who received a two-month suspension from duty (정직 2월) as a disciplinary measure after causing a traffic accident while driving under the influence of alcohol. The Supreme Court ruled that this disciplinary action did not constitute an abuse of discretionary power and was appropriate under the circumstances. The Court also held that removing the officer's name from the promotion candidate list (승진후보자명부) was merely an internal administrative preparatory step, not a separate administrative disposition subject to legal challenge.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA police officer caused a traffic accident while driving under the influence of alcohol and was disciplined with a two-month suspension from duty.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court upheld the suspension as a valid exercise of disciplinary discretion and ruled that removal from the promotion list was not a separate administrative disposition.
  • LessonPublic officials should understand that disciplinary measures for serious misconduct like DUI are given wide deference by courts, and that internal administrative steps like promotion list adjustments generally cannot be separately contested in court.
Issues
  • Whether the two-month suspension from duty for a DUI-related traffic accident was an appropriate and lawful exercise of disciplinary discretion
  • Whether removing an officer's name from the promotion candidate list constitutes an independent administrative disposition subject to legal challenge
Key reasoning

Disciplinary actions against public officials fall within the discretionary authority of the disciplinary authority (징계권자), and such actions are only deemed unlawful due to abuse of discretion when they are markedly unreasonable by common social standards. In this case, the two-month suspension for a DUI-related traffic accident was found to be within the reasonable bounds of that discretion. Regarding the removal from the promotion candidate list, the Court reasoned that this list serves as an internal preparatory document used by the administrative agency to determine promotion eligibility, rather than a final decision affecting external legal rights. Since it does not directly create, alter, or extinguish specific legal rights or obligations, it cannot be considered an independent administrative disposition (행정처분) subject to judicial review.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where a disciplinary reason exists with respect to a public official subject to disciplinary action, the determination of what disposition to impose is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; however, such a disciplinary disposition rendered in the exercise of discretion is unlawful only where it is recognized that the disposition has markedly lost reasonableness in light of social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority.

[2] In a case where a police officer, while driving a passenger car in a state of intoxication with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.27%, collided with two other passenger cars and injured four persons who were riding in those cars, and was issued a summary order (약식명령) imposing a fine of KRW 3,000,000 for this misconduct, the court held that, considering the content and nature of the misconduct, the purpose of the disciplinary disposition, and the various mitigating circumstances asserted by the police officer, the disciplinary disposition of two months' suspension from duty imposed on the police officer concerned was appropriate and could not be deemed to exceed the bounds of, or constitute an abuse of, discretion.

[3]

Under Article 11(2) and Article 13(1) and (2) of the former Police Officials Act (경찰공무원법) (before amendment by Act No. 5153 of August 8, 1996), and Article 36(1) and (2) of the Police Officials Promotion Appointment Regulations (경찰공무원승진임용규정), promotion to the rank of senior superintendent (경정) or below may be made through a promotion examination conducted in parallel with a promotion review, and a person who passes the promotion examination is to be entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates (시험승진후보자명부) and promoted in the order of ranking on that roster. Under Article 36(3) of the same Regulations, where a person entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates receives a disciplinary disposition of salary reduction or a more severe disposition before being promoted, the appointing authority or the authority requesting appointment is to remove the person who received such disciplinary disposition from the roster of examination-based promotion candidates. Even where a person who had been entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates is thereby excluded from the subject of promotion appointment as a result of being removed from the roster, such act of removal from the roster of examination-based promotion candidates is, in the end, merely an internal preparatory process within the administrative agency for determining whether to promote the person entered on the roster, and cannot in itself be deemed a separate administrative disposition that establishes any right or obligation or that directly brings about a change in legal interests.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,024 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant]

[Defendant, Appellee] Commissioner of the Busan Metropolitan Police Agency (부산광역시 지방경찰청장)

[Judgment Below]

Busan High Court Judgment 1997. 4. 17., 96Gu8475

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiff.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. As to Ground No. 1

Where a public official subject to disciplinary action has grounds for disciplinary measures, the determination of what kind of disciplinary measure to impose is a matter left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; provided, however, that such a disciplinary measure taken in the exercise of discretion by the disciplinary authority shall be unlawful only where it is recognized that the measure has notably lost its reasonableness in light of common social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority (see Supreme Court Judgment 1994. 6. 10., 94Nu4622; Supreme Court Judgment 1997. 1. 24., 96Nu15763, etc.).

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found as follows: the Plaintiff, a police officer, while driving a passenger vehicle in a state of intoxication with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.27%, collided with two passenger vehicles, causing injury to four persons riding in those vehicles, and was issued a summary order imposing a fine of KRW 3,000,000 for this misconduct. Taking into account the content and nature of the misconduct, the purpose of the disciplinary measure, and the various mitigating circumstances asserted by the Plaintiff, the court below determined that the disciplinary measure of two months' suspension from office imposed on the Plaintiff was appropriate and could not be deemed to have deviated from or abused the scope of discretion. Upon examination of the record, this judgment of the court below is justified, and there is no error of law such as a misunderstanding of the legal principles regarding Article 16 of the Police Officers Disciplinary Decree (경찰공무원징계령) and the scope of disciplinary discretion. This ground of appeal cannot be accepted.

2. As to Ground No. 2

Pursuant to Article 11(2) and Article 13(1) and (2) of the former Police Officers Act (경찰공무원법) (before amendment by Act No. 5153 of August 8, 1996), and Article 36(1) and (2) of the Police Officers Promotion Appointment Regulation (경찰공무원승진임용규정), for promotion to a rank at or below Inspector (경정), a promotion examination may be conducted concurrently with promotion review, and those who pass the promotion examination are to be entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates and promoted in the order of their ranking on that roster. Furthermore, pursuant to Article 36(3) of the same Regulation, where a person entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates receives a disciplinary measure of a reduction in pay or a more severe measure before being promoted, the appointing authority or the authority requesting appointment shall delete the person who received such disciplinary measure from the roster of examination-based promotion candidates. Even where a person who had been entered on the roster of examination-based promotion candidates is thereby excluded from the subjects of promotion appointment as a result of being deleted from that roster, such deletion from the roster of examination-based promotion candidates is, after all, merely an internal preparatory process within the administrative agency for determining whether to promote the person entered on the roster, and cannot in itself be deemed a separate administrative disposition that establishes any right or obligation or that directly causes a change in legal interests.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found that the Plaintiff, having passed the promotion examination for Senior Inspector (경감) ranked third and having been entered on the roster of Senior Inspector promotion candidates, received a disciplinary measure of a reduction in pay or a more severe measure, and that the Defendant's act of deleting the Plaintiff from the promotion candidate roster on that ground could not be deemed an administrative disposition subject to administrative litigation; accordingly, the court below dismissed the Plaintiff's claim for confirmation of invalidity of the deletion from the promotion candidate roster in this case. Upon examination of the record and the relevant statutes, this measure by the court below is acceptable, and there is no error of law such as a misunderstanding of the legal principles regarding administrative dispositions. This ground of appeal also cannot be accepted.

3. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the Plaintiff, the appellant. This Judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, the opinions of the participating Justices being unanimous.

Justice Park Jun-seo (Presiding Justice), Jeong Gwi-ho, Kim Hyeong-seon, Lee Yong-hun (Justice in charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 위법한 것이다.

[2] 경찰공무원이 혈중알콜농도 0.27%의 주취상태에서 승용차를 운전하다가 승용차 2대를 들이받고 그 차에 타고 있던 사람 4명에게 상해를 입히는 사고를 내어 벌금 3,000,000원의 약식명령을 받은 비위사실에 대하여, 그 비위의 내용과 성질 및 징계처분의 목적, 경찰공무원이 주장하는 여러 정상들을 종합하여 보면, 당해 경찰공무원에 대한 정직 2월의 징계처분은 적정하고 그것이 재량권의 범위를 일탈하거나 남용한 것이라고 볼 수 없다고 한 사례.

[3] 구 경찰공무원법(1996. 8. 8. 법률 제5153호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제11조 제2항, 제13조 제1항, 제2항, 경찰공무원승진임용규정 제36조 제1항, 제2항에 의하면, 경정 이하 계급에의 승진에 있어서는 승진심사와 함께 승진시험을 병행할 수 있고, 승진시험에 합격한 자는 시험승진후보자명부에 등재하여 그 등재순위에 따라 승진하도록 되어 있으며, 같은 규정 제36조 제3항에 의하면 시험승진후보자명부에 등재된 자가 승진임용되기 전에 감봉 이상의 징계처분을 받은 경우에는 임용권자 또는 임용제청권자가 위 징계처분을 받은 자를 시험승진후보자명부에서 삭제하도록 되어 있는바, 이처럼 시험승진후보자명부에 등재되어 있던 자가 그 명부에서 삭제됨으로써 승진임용의 대상에서 제외되었다 하더라도, 그와 같은 시험승진후보자명부에서의 삭제행위는 결국 그 명부에 등재된 자에 대한 승진 여부를 결정하기 위한 행정청 내부의 준비과정에 불과하고, 그 자체가 어떠한 권리나 의무를 설정하거나 법률상 이익에 직접적인 변동을 초래하는 별도의 행정처분이 된다고 할 수 없다.

【참조조문】

[1] 행정소송법 제1조[행정처분일반] , 제2조 , 제4조 , 제19조 , 제27조 , 국가공무원법 제56조 , 제78조 제1항

[2] 행정소송법 제1조[행정처분일반] , 제2조 , 제4조 , 제19조 , 제27조 , 경찰공무원징계령 제16조

[3] 구 경찰공무원법(1996. 8. 8. 법률 제5153호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제11조 제2항 , 제13조 제1항 , 제2항 , 경찰공무원승진임용규정 제36조 제1항 , 제2항 , 제3항 , 행정소송법 제1조[행정처분일반] , 제2조 , 제4조 , 제19조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1991. 2. 12. 선고 90누5627 판결(공1991, 995), 대법원 1992. 3. 27. 선고 91누9145 판결(공1992, 1440), 대법원 1994. 6. 10. 선고 94누4622 판결(공1994하, 1969), 대법원 1997. 1. 24. 선고 96누15763 판결(공1997상, 667)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,769자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,상고인】

【피고,피상고인】 부산광역시 지방경찰청장

【원심판결】 부산고법 1997. 4. 17. 선고 96구8475 판결

【주문】

상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고의 부담으로 한다.

【이유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 제1점에 대하여

공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 위법한 것이다( 대법원 1994. 6. 10. 선고 94누4622 판결, 1997. 1. 24. 선고 96누15763 판결 등 참조).

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은, 경찰공무원인 원고가 혈중알콜농도 0.27%의 주취상태에서 승용차를 운전하다가 승용차 2대를 들이받고 그 차에 타고 있던 사람 4명에게 상해를 입히는 사고를 내어 벌금 3,000,000원의 약식명령을 받은 비위사실에 대하여, 그 비위의 내용과 성질 및 징계처분의 목적, 원고가 주장하는 여러 정상들을 종합하여 보면, 원고에 대한 정직 2월의 징계처분은 적정하고, 그것이 재량권의 범위를 일탈하거나 남용한 것이라고 볼 수 없다고 판단하였는바, 기록에 비추어 살펴보면 원심의 이와 같은 판단은 정당하고, 거기에 경찰공무원징계령 제16조와 징계재량권의 범위에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다. 이 점에 관한 상고이유는 받아들일 수 없다.

2. 제2점에 대하여

구 경찰공무원법(1996. 8. 8. 법률 제5153호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제11조 제2항, 제13조 제1항, 제2항, 경찰공무원승진임용규정 제36조 제1항, 제2항에 의하면, 경정 이하 계급에의 승진에 있어서는 승진심사와 함께 승진시험을 병행할 수 있고, 승진시험에 합격한 자는 시험승진후보자명부에 등재하여 그 등재순위에 따라 승진하도록 되어 있으며, 같은 규정 제36조 제3항에 의하면 시험승진후보자명부에 등재된 자가 승진임용되기 전에 감봉 이상의 징계처분을 받은 경우에는 임용권자 또는 임용제청권자가 위 징계처분을 받은 자를 시험승진후보자명부에서 삭제하도록 되어 있는바, 이처럼 시험승진후보자명부에 등재되어 있던 자가 그 명부에서 삭제됨으로써 승진임용의 대상에서 제외되었다 하더라도, 그와 같은 시험승진후보자명부에서의 삭제행위는 결국 그 명부에 등재된 자에 대한 승진 여부를 결정하기 위한 행정청 내부의 준비과정에 불과하고, 그 자체가 어떠한 권리나 의무를 설정하거나 법률상 이익에 직접적인 변동을 초래하는 별도의 행정처분이 된다고 할 수 없다 .

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은, 경감승진시험에 3위로 합격하여 경감승진후보자명부에 등재되어 있던 원고가 감봉 이상의 징계처분을 받았다고 하여 피고가 그 승진후보자명부에서 원고를 삭제한 행위는 행정소송의 대상이 되는 행정처분이라고 할 수 없다는 이유로 원고의 이 사건 승진후보자명부에서의 삭제행위 무효확인청구를 각하하였는바, 기록과 관계 법령에 비추어 보면 원심의 이와 같은 조치는 수긍이 가고, 거기에 행정처분에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다. 이 점에 관한 상고이유도 받아들일 수 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 상고인인 원고의 부담으로 하기로 관여 법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 박준서(재판장) 정귀호 김형선 이용훈(주심)

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