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대법원 99두6101

Action for Nullification of Dismissal Disposition (해임처분무효확인)해임처분무효확인

Decided1999. 10. 08. Court대법원Reversed and remanded (파기환송) — the disciplinary authority (i.e., the government agency) prevailed, as the dismissal was upheld as lawful.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The central issue was whether the dismissal (해임) of a police officer who fled the scene of a traffic accident without rendering aid constituted an abuse of disciplinary discretion. The Supreme Court (대법원) held that, given the special nature of police duties, the dismissal fell within the bounds of lawful disciplinary discretion. Finding that the lower court had misunderstood the legal principles governing disciplinary discretion, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded the case (파기환송) for further proceedings.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: A police officer caused a traffic accident, fled the scene without helping the victim, and was subsequently dismissed from his position.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that, given the special duties of police officers, such conduct constituted serious misconduct undermining public trust, making the dismissal lawful.
  • LessonLesson: Disciplinary actions against public officials are only unlawful when they are objectively and clearly unreasonable in light of the nature of the officer's duties and the severity of the misconduct.
Issues
  • What is the standard for determining whether a disciplinary action against a public official exceeds the bounds of lawful discretion?
  • Did the dismissal of a police investigator who fled the scene of a traffic accident constitute an abuse of disciplinary discretion?
Key reasoning

Disciplinary action against public officials (공무원 징계처분) is entrusted to the discretion of the disciplinary authority, and such action can only be deemed an unlawful abuse of discretion if it is objectively and clearly unreasonable when considering the nature of the duties performed, the content and character of the misconduct, the administrative purpose, and the applicable disciplinary sentencing guidelines. Here, a police officer assigned to investigative work who caused a traffic accident and then fled the scene committed serious misconduct that undermines public trust in the police force. Given the heightened expectations placed on law enforcement officers, the Court concluded that dismissal did not exceed the bounds of permissible disciplinary discretion.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where a public official subject to disciplinary action has grounds for discipline, the determination of what disposition to impose is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority, and such a disciplinary disposition may be held unlawful only where it is recognized that the disciplinary authority, in exercising its discretion, has rendered a disposition that is markedly unreasonable in light of social norms, thereby deviating from or abusing the discretion entrusted to it. In order for a disciplinary disposition to be held unlawful as exceeding the bounds of discretion by being markedly unreasonable in light of social norms, it must be the case that, upon comprehensive consideration of various factors according to the specific case—such as the nature of the duties performed, the content and nature of the misconduct that gave rise to the discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the discipline, and the standards for determining the severity of discipline—the content of the discipline can be objectively and clearly recognized as unjust.

[2] A case holding that a dismissal disposition against a police officer in charge of investigations, who caused a traffic accident inflicting injuries requiring two weeks of treatment on each of two victims and damages amounting to approximately KRW 296,890, and who fled the scene without taking any rescue measures, did not constitute a deviation from or abuse of the scope of discretion.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,771 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff (Attorney Lee Sang-won, counsel for the plaintiff)
[Defendant, Appellant] Commissioner of the Gangwon Provincial Police Agency (강원도지방경찰청장)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 96Gu31613 rendered on April 14, 1999

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning] The Defendant's grounds of appeal are examined.

The court below found the following facts: that the Plaintiff began his career as a police officer after being publicly recruited as a patrolman (순경) on December 31, 1970, was promoted to sergeant (경사) on June 30, 1984, and had been serving at the ○○ Police Station since March 26, 1994; that on November 23, 1994, at approximately 20:20, the Plaintiff, while driving his own Elantra passenger vehicle (registration number 1 omitted) from the terminal side toward Gyo-dong at the terminal intersection located in Gyo-dong, ○○ City, collided with the rear of an Elantra passenger vehicle (registration number 2 omitted) driven by Non-party 1 (female, age omitted) that was traveling ahead of him, thereby inflicting cervical sprain injuries requiring approximately two weeks of treatment on Non-party 1 and on her passenger, Non-party 2 (male, age omitted, son of Non-party 1), and simultaneously causing property damage of approximately KRW 296,890 to repair the victim's vehicle, and that the Plaintiff fled the scene without stopping immediately to take the necessary measures; that the Plaintiff voluntarily reported to the Yeokjeon Police Substation at approximately 24:00 that same day, and that a breathalyzer test conducted at approximately 03:00 the following day showed a blood alcohol concentration of 0.12%, but it was proven that the Plaintiff had consumed alcohol after the accident, and based on the Plaintiff's statements and those of people around him, the degree of intoxication at the time of the accident (one cup of dongdongju, a type of Korean rice wine) was converted using the Widmark formula, revealing that the Plaintiff's blood alcohol concentration at the time of driving was below 0.026%, which is below the standard for drunk driving enforcement; that on November 24, the day after the accident, a settlement regarding the property damage was reached between the Plaintiff and Non-party 1, and the victim did not wish for the Plaintiff to be punished, and at that time the victims did not report any personal injury other than the vehicle damage, such that on December 16, 1994, the Plaintiff was referred to the ○○ Branch of the Chuncheon District Prosecutors' Office for violation of the Road Traffic Act (도로교통법) without physical detention; that thereafter, approximately one month after the date of the accident, the victims submitted medical certificates to the said ○○ Branch stating that each had sustained injuries requiring two weeks of treatment as a result of the accident, and based on this, the Plaintiff was detained on December 28 of the same year on suspicion of violating the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes (특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률) and other charges, and was indicted on January 17, 1995; that accordingly, the Chief of the ○○ Police Station, the Plaintiff's superior agency head, requested a disciplinary resolution from the Ordinary Disciplinary Committee for Police Officers of the ○○ Police Station on October 2, 1995, on the grounds that the Plaintiff had committed the misconduct of fleeing the scene without taking rescue measures after causing the traffic accident as described above; that at the meeting of the said Disciplinary Committee held on October 6 of the same year, dismissal (해임) of the Plaintiff was resolved; and that pursuant to that disciplinary resolution, the Defendant issued a dismissal disposition against the Plaintiff on October 9 of the same year pursuant to Article 78(1) of the State Public Officials Act (국가공무원법) (hereinafter referred to as "the instant dismissal disposition"). The court below further found that thereafter, on June 20, 1996, after the instant dismissal disposition, the Plaintiff was sentenced to a suspended sentence (선고유예) for violation of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes at the ○○ Branch of the Chuncheon District Court, and that judgment became final and conclusive.

Having found the above facts, the court below determined that the Plaintiff's act of fleeing the scene after the instant traffic accident not only violated the law but also constituted an act that damaged the dignity befitting a police officer, and thus fell under the grounds for disciplinary action set forth in Article 78(1), Items 1 and 3 of the State Public Officials Act; however, based on the evidence presented, the court below found that the Plaintiff had reached an amicable settlement with the victims and had served faithfully as a model police officer for the long period of 24 years, having received more than 20 commendations and medals for his achievements during that time; and considering these overall circumstances along with the background of the instant accident and the extent of the damage, the court below determined that the Defendant's disposition of dismissing the Plaintiff was excessively harsh compared to the wrongdoing committed by the Plaintiff, and thus constituted an unlawful deviation from the scope of discretion.

However, where there exist grounds for disciplinary action against a public official subject to discipline, the determination of what disposition to impose is a matter left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; only where it is recognized that the disciplinary disposition rendered by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of its discretion has notably lost its reasonableness under generally accepted social norms, thereby deviating from or abusing the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority, can such disposition be deemed unlawful. In order for a disciplinary disposition to be deemed unlawful as having deviated from the scope of discretion by notably losing its reasonableness under generally accepted social norms, it must be recognized, upon comprehensive consideration of various factors according to the specific case—including the characteristics of the duties performed, the content and nature of the misconduct that gave rise to the discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the discipline, and the standards for determining the severity of discipline—that the content of the discipline is objectively and clearly unreasonable (see Supreme Court Decision 97Nu14637 rendered on November 25, 1997, and other cases).

However, according to the facts found by the court below, if the Plaintiff, a police officer whose duty was to prevent, suppress, and investigate crimes, and moreover a police officer who was directly in charge of investigative duties (according to the record, the Plaintiff was working in the ◇◇ Section of the Investigation Division of the ○○ Police Station at the time of the instant accident), committed the instant offense of fleeing the scene after a traffic accident—an offense of by no means minor culpability—then it would be difficult for the public to trust the duties performed by such a police officer, and the grounds for discipline based thereon cannot be deemed minor. Therefore, even granting that there existed circumstances relevant to sentencing as found by the court below in the Plaintiff's favor, it cannot be concluded that dismissing the Plaintiff through disciplinary action, in light of the characteristics of the duties performed by police officers, the content and nature of the misconduct that gave rise to the discipline, and the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the discipline, constitutes discipline whose content is objectively and clearly unreasonable such that it has notably lost its reasonableness under generally accepted social norms, thereby deviating from or abusing the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority.

Nevertheless, the court below reached a different conclusion and held that the instant dismissal disposition was unlawful as having deviated from the scope of discretion; such determination by the court below contains an error of law based on a misunderstanding of the legal principles concerning the scope of discretion in disciplinary dispositions. The ground of appeal pointing this out is well-founded.

Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further proceedings, this Judgment being rendered by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices as set forth in the Order.

Justice Byun Jae-seung (Presiding Justice), Lee Don-hee, Ji Chang-kwon (Justice in charge), Song Jin-hoon

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어서 징계처분을 하는 경우, 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 일탈하였거나 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있고, 그 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권의 범위를 벗어난 위법한 처분이라고 할 수 있으려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 수행직무의 특성, 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려는 행정목적, 징계양정의 기준 등 여러 가지 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 한다.

[2] 교통사고를 일으켜 피해자 2인에게 각 전치 2주의 상해를 입히고 약 296,890원 상당의 손해를 입히고도 구호조치 없이 도주한 수사 담당 경찰관에 대한 해임처분이 재량권의 범위를 일탈·남용한 것이 아니라고 본 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 국가공무원법 제56조, 제63조, 제78조 제1항 제1호, 제3호, 제79조, 행정소송법 제27조[행정소송재판일반]

[2] 국가공무원법 제56조, 제63조, 제78조 제1항 제1호, 제3호, 제79조, 행정소송법 제27조[행정소송재판일반]

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1997. 1. 24. 선고 96누15763 판결(공1997상, 667), 대법원 1997. 11. 25. 선고 97누14637 판결(공1998상, 123), 대법원 1998. 11. 10. 선고 98두12017 판결(공1998하, 2880), 대법원 1998. 12. 8. 선고 98두1475 판결(공1999상, 142), 대법원 1999. 4. 27. 선고 99두1458 판결(공1999상, 1072) / [2] 대법원 1997. 11. 14. 선고 97누7325 판결(공1997하, 3874)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,972자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 (소송대리인 변호사 이상원)

【피고, 상고인】 강원도지방경찰청장

【원심판결】 서울고법 1999. 4. 14. 선고 96구31613 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 피고의 상고이유를 본다.

원심은, 원고가 1970. 12. 31. 순경으로 공채되어 경찰관 생활을 시작한 이래 1984. 6. 30. 경사로 진급하였고, 1994. 3. 26.부터는 ○○경찰서에서 근무하고 있었던 사실, 원고는 1994. 11. 23. 20:20경 원고 소유인 (차량등록번호 1 생략) 엘란트라 승용차를 운전하여 ○○시 교동 소재 터미널 사거리를 터미널 쪽에서 교동 쪽으로 가다가 앞서 가던 소외 1(여, △△세) 운전의 (차량등록번호 2 생략) 엘란트라 승용차를 추돌하여 위 소외 1과 동승자인 소외 2(남, □□세, 소외 1의 아들)에게 각 약 2주간의 치료를 요하는 경추부 염좌상 등의 상해를 입힘과 동시에 위 피해 승용차 수리비 약 296,890원 상당의 손괴 피해를 입히고도 즉시 정차하여 필요한 조치를 하지 아니한 채 도주한 사실, 원고는 같은 날 24:00경 역전파출소에 자진출두하였다가 그 다음날 03:00경 음주측정을 하여 혈중알코올농도 0.12%의 수치가 나왔으나 위 사고 후 술을 마신 사실이 입증되어 원고의 진술과 주변인들의 진술을 토대로 위 사고 당시 음주정도(동동주 1컵)를 워드마크 방식으로 환산한 결과 원고의 위 운전 당시 혈중알코올농도는 음주운전단속기준에 못 미치는 0.026% 미만으로 판명된 사실, 위 사고일 다음날인 11. 24.경 원고와 위 소외 1 사이에 대물피해 부분에 대한 합의가 이루어져 위 피해자가 원고의 처벌을 원치 않고 있었고, 위 피해자들도 그 당시 위 차량피해 외에 달리 인적 피해를 호소하지 않아, 1994. 12. 16. 원고는 춘천지검 ○○지청에 도로교통법위반죄로 불구속 송치된 사실, 그 후 위 사고일로부터 1개월 정도 경과한 무렵 위 피해자들이 위 사고로 각 2주간의 치료를 요하는 상해를 입었다는 취지의 진단서를 위 ○○지청에 제출하였고, 이에 기초하여 같은 해 12. 28. 원고는 특정범죄가중처벌법위반 등의 혐의로 구속되어 1995. 1. 17. 기소된 사실, 이에 따라 원고의 소속관서장인 ○○경찰서장은 1995. 10. 2. 원고가 위와 같이 교통사고를 일으킨 후 구호조치 없이 도주하는 비위를 저질렀다는 이유로 ○○경찰서 경찰관 보통징계위원회에 징계의결을 요구하였으며, 같은 달 6. 개최된 동 징계위원회에서는 원고에 대하여 해임을 의결하였고, 그 징계의결에 따라 피고는 같은 달 9. 원고에 대하여 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항의 규정에 의하여 해임처분(이하 이 사건 해임처분이라고 한다)을 한 사실, 그런데 원고는 이 사건 해임처분 후 1996. 6. 20. 춘천지법 ○○지원에서 특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률위반죄로 선고유예 판결을 받았고, 그 판결이 확정된 사실을 인정한 다음, 원고의 이 사건 교통사고 후 도주행위는 법령을 위반하였을 뿐만 아니라 경찰관으로서의 품위를 손상하는 행위를 한 것이라고 하지 않을 수 없고, 따라서 이는 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항 제1호 및 제3호 소정의 징계사유에 해당한다고 할 것이나, 거시 증거에 의하면 원고는 피해자들과 원만히 합의하였고, 24년이라는 장기간 동안 모범적인 경찰관으로 성실하게 근무하면서 그 동안의 공적으로 20여 회의 표창과 기장을 수여 받았던 사실을 인정할 수 있는바, 이러한 제반 사정에 이 사건 사고의 경위와 피해정도 등을 참작하면 원고를 해임에 처한 피고의 이 사건 처분은 원고가 저지른 잘못에 비하여 너무 지나치게 무거워 재량의 범위를 일탈한 것으로서 위법하다고 판단하였다.

그러나 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어서 징계처분을 하는 경우, 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 일탈하였거나 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있고, 그 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권의 범위를 벗어난 위법한 처분이라고 할 수 있으려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 수행직무의 특성, 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려는 행정목적, 징계양정의 기준 등 여러 가지 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 한다(대법원 1997. 11. 25. 선고 97누14637 판결 등 참조). 그런데 원심이 인정한 바에 의하면, 범죄를 예방, 진압, 수사하여야 할 직무를 가진 경찰관, 그것도 수사업무를 직접 담당하고 있던 경찰관인 원고가(기록에 의하면 원고는 이 사건 사고 당시 ○○경찰서 수사과 ◇◇계에 근무하고 있었다) 교통사고 후 도주라는 결코 가볍지 않은 죄질의 이 사건 범행을 저질렀다면 그러한 경찰관이 수행하는 직무에 대하여 국민이 신뢰를 하기는 어려울 것이고, 이를 이유로 하는 징계사유가 가볍다고 할 수는 없을 것이다. 그러므로 원고에게, 원심이 인정한 바와 같은 정상에 관한 사정이 있다고 하더라도 원고를 징계해임하는 것이 경찰관이 수행하는 직무의 특성, 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려는 행정목적 등에 비추어 볼 때 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당한 것으로서 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 일탈하였거나 남용한 것이라고 단정할 수는 없다. 그러함에도 원심은 이와 결론을 달리 하여 이 사건 해임처분이 재량권의 범위를 일탈한 것으로서 위법하다고 하였으니, 이러한 원심의 판단에는 징계처분에 있어서 재량권의 범위에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다 할 것이다. 이 점을 지적하는 상고논지는 이유 있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 변재승(재판장) 이돈희 지창권(주심) 송진훈

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