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대법원 97누14637

Revocation of Dismissal Disposition (해임처분취소)해임처분취소

Decided1997. 11. 25. Court대법원Employer (government agency) won; case reversed and remanded
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A police officer caused a serious traffic accident while driving under the influence of alcohol during a rest period on duty, and was subsequently dismissed (해임처분) from service. The lower court had overturned the dismissal, finding it to be an abuse of disciplinary discretion, but the Supreme Court reversed this decision and remanded the case. The Court held that, given the officer's duty to enforce drunk driving laws against citizens, his own drunk driving causing a serious accident could not be deemed a dismissal that was 'clearly unreasonable under generally accepted social norms.'

Key takeaways
  • CaseA police officer caused a traffic accident while driving under the influence of alcohol during a rest period while on duty, resulting in dismissal.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that the dismissal was not clearly unreasonable, given the officer's duty to enforce drunk driving laws, and reversed the lower court's decision to overturn the dismissal.
  • LessonPublic officials face stricter disciplinary standards than ordinary citizens when their misconduct is directly related to their official duties.
Issues
  • The limits of discretionary authority in disciplinary actions against public officials
  • The standard for determining whether a disciplinary action constitutes an abuse of discretion
  • The appropriateness of dismissal as a disciplinary measure for a police officer's drunk driving accident
Key reasoning

Disciplinary action against public officials falls within the discretion of the disciplinary authority, and such action is unlawful only when it is clearly unreasonable under generally accepted social norms. The Court emphasized that a police officer—whose duty includes enforcing laws against drunk driving—causing a serious traffic accident while driving under the influence during work hours constitutes a grave breach of duty. Even considering various mitigating circumstances presented by the officer, the Court found that the dismissal could not be objectively deemed clearly excessive or unjust. This reasoning underscores that public officials, particularly those in law enforcement, are held to a stricter disciplinary standard when their misconduct directly relates to their official duties.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where a public official subject to disciplinary action has grounds for discipline, what kind of disposition is to be imposed is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; only where the disciplinary disposition rendered by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of such discretion is recognized as remarkably lacking in reasonableness under social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority, can such disposition be deemed unlawful.

[2] In order for a disciplinary disposition against a public official to be found remarkably lacking in reasonableness under social norms, it must be a case where, upon comprehensively considering various factors according to the specific circumstances—such as the content and nature of the misconduct that gave rise to the discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved by the discipline, and the standards for determining the degree of discipline—the content of the discipline can be objectively and clearly recognized as unjust.

[3] A case reversing the judgment of the court below, which had found that the disciplinary dismissal of a police officer—who, during a rest break, drank alcohol at a nearby restaurant and then drove his own passenger car while in a state of intoxication with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10%, colliding with a taxi at an intersection and causing multiple deaths and injuries—exceeded and abused the bounds of discretion.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,519 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Commissioner of Gangwon-do Provincial Police Agency
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 97Gu9040, decided July 31, 1997

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found the following facts: the Plaintiff was appointed as a patrolman (순경) on October 5, 1991, and had been working at a police substation under the jurisdiction of Wonju Police Station since March 3, 1995; on October 7, 1996, the Plaintiff was on rest duty from around 22:00 to around 01:00 the following day; at around 22:15 on that day, the Plaintiff left the substation and drank alcohol at a nearby restaurant; while in a state of intoxication with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.10%, the Plaintiff drove his own passenger vehicle and, at around 00:45 the following day, collided with a taxi at an intersection, resulting in the death of one companion riding in the Plaintiff's vehicle and injuries requiring two to four weeks of medical treatment to six persons, including two other companions, the taxi driver, and two taxi passengers; and following the aforementioned rest period, the Plaintiff was scheduled to conduct area patrol from 01:00 to 03:00 and 112 patrol duty from 03:00 to 05:00 the following day.

The court below further found that, because the Plaintiff had been unable to change his underwear due to three consecutive days of duty, he left the substation using his rest time with the intention of going to his home, five minutes away by car, to change his underwear, after reporting to and obtaining permission from his superior, Sergeant Nonparty 1; accordingly, the court below held that the disciplinary ground of abandonment of post could not be recognized. However, the court below found that grounds for disciplinary action under each subparagraph of Article 78(1) of the State Public Officials Act (국가공무원법) existed, in that the Plaintiff neglected his duty of service by drinking alcohol despite having subsequent duty, and violated the directive prohibiting drunk driving by driving under the influence and causing a traffic accident.

On the other hand, the court below found the following circumstances: the Plaintiff, while leaving the substation, happened to meet Nonparty 2 and, at his suggestion, entered the "○○○" restaurant operated by Nonparty 2; there, the Plaintiff happened to meet Nonparty 3, a senior acquaintance from his hometown, and, at his suggestion, drank about one glass of beer and three glasses of soju; since Nonparty 3's house was in the same direction as the Plaintiff's house, after the meal the Plaintiff drove with Nonparty 3 and his wife and child in the car; the accident occurred when the Plaintiff entered the intersection while the traffic signal was flashing yellow, and a taxi driven by Nonparty 4 entered the intersection from the left at excessive speed; the negligence of Nonparty 4, who sped without properly keeping a lookout ahead, was found to have contributed more significantly to the occurrence of the accident; after the accident, the Plaintiff alone paid compensation to the victims and reached a settlement with them; the Plaintiff had served diligently and exemplarily for about five years, having received commendations seven times, and had no prior disciplinary record before this incident; the Plaintiff was supporting his wife and children while serving as a police officer, such that his dismissal would be expected to cause great hardship to his family; and the Plaintiff was deeply repentant.

Taking these circumstances into account, the court below determined that the disposition of disciplinary dismissal against the Plaintiff imposed a disadvantage on the Plaintiff that was too harsh, such that it was manifestly unreasonable according to social norms and constituted an unlawful deviation from or abuse of the discretion granted to the disciplinary authority.

However, where grounds for disciplinary action exist against a public official subject to discipline, the determination of what disposition to impose is entrusted to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; only where a disciplinary disposition made in the exercise of such discretion is found to be manifestly unreasonable according to social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority, may such disposition be deemed unlawful. In order to find that a disciplinary disposition against a public official is manifestly unreasonable according to social norms, it must be objectively and clearly evident, upon comprehensive consideration of various factors according to the specific case—including the content and nature of the misconduct forming the ground for discipline, the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the discipline, and the standards for determining the degree of discipline—that the content of the disciplinary action is unreasonable (see, e.g., Supreme Court Judgment 96Nu15763, decided January 24, 1997; Supreme Court Judgment 96Nu3302, decided July 12, 1996; Supreme Court Judgment 90Nu8954, decided July 23, 1991).

However, according to the facts found by the court below, the Plaintiff, as a police officer who was supposed to crack down on citizens' drunk driving, drank alcohol during his duty hours at an establishment within his jurisdiction, and drove under the influence, even causing a traffic accident with serious consequences. Even taking into account the mitigating circumstances found by the court below, it cannot be said that disciplinary dismissal of the Plaintiff is objectively and clearly unreasonable, or that it is manifestly unreasonable according to social norms, in light of the content of the misconduct forming the ground for discipline and the administrative purpose sought to be achieved through the discipline. Therefore, the judgment of the court below is erroneous in misapprehending the legal principles concerning the scope of discretion in disciplinary dispositions. The argument pointing this out is well-founded.

Therefore, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination. This judgment is rendered by the unanimous opinion of the Justices involved, as stated in the Order.

Justice Choi Jong-yeong (Presiding Justice), Lee Don-hee, Lee Im-su (Justice in Charge), Seo Seong

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어서 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가는 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있다.

[2] 공무원에 대한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 한다.

[3] 휴게근무시간 중 인근 식당에서 음주하고 혈중 알콜농도 0.10%의 음주상태에서 자기 소유 승용차를 운전하고 가다가 교차로에서 택시와 충돌하여 여러 명을 사상케 한 경찰관에 대한 징계 해임처분이 재량권의 범위를 일탈·남용하였다고 본 원심을 파기한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 국가공무원법 제56조, 제58조 제1항, 제61조, 제63조, 제67조, 제78조 제1항, 제79조, 국가공무원복무규정 제2조의2, 제3조, 경찰공무원법 제18조 제2항, 경찰공무원복무규정 제9조, 행정소송법 제1조[행정처분일반], 제27조

[2] 국가공무원법 제56조, 제58조 제1항, 제61조, 제63조, 제67조, 제78조 제1항, 제79조, 국가공무원복무규정 제2조의2, 제3조, 경찰공무원법 제18조 제2항, 경찰공무원복무규정 제9조, 행정소송법 제1조[행정처분일반], 제27조

[3] 국가공무원법 제63조, 제78조 제1항, 행정소송법 제27조

【참조판례】

[1][2] 대법원 1991. 7. 23. 선고 90누8954 판결(공1991, 2257),대법원 1994. 6. 10. 선고 94누4622 판결(공1994하, 1969),대법원 1996. 4. 26. 선고 95누18727 판결(공1996상, 1748),대법원 1996. 7. 12. 선고 96누3302 판결(공1996하, 2518),대법원 1997. 1. 24. 선고 96누15763 판결(공1997상, 667)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,365자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고

【피고, 상고인】 강원도 지방경찰청장

【원심판결】 서울고법 1997. 7. 31. 선고 97구9040 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하여 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 원고가 1991. 10. 5. 순경으로 임명되어 1995. 3. 3.부터 원주경찰서 소속 파출소에서 근무하던 중 1996. 10. 7. 22:00경부터 다음날 01:00경까지 휴게근무이었는데 같은 날 22:15경 파출소에서 나와 인근의 식당에서 음주하고, 혈중 알콜농도 0.10%의 음주상태에서 원고 소유 승용차를 운전하고 가다가 다음날 00:45경 교차로에서 택시와 충돌하여 위 승용차에 타고 있던 일행 1명이 사망하고, 다른 일행 2명과 택시운전사 및 택시 승객 2명 등 6명이 전치 2주 내지 4주의 부상을 입은 사실 및 원고는 위 휴게근무시간에 이어 다음날 01:00부터 03:00까지는 권역순찰, 03:00부터 05:00까지는 112순찰이 예정되어 있었던 사실 등을 인정하고, 계속하여 원고는 3일간 계속된 근무로 인하여 속옷을 갈아입지 못하였기 때문에 휴게시간을 이용하여 차량으로 5분 거리에 있는 원고의 집에 가서 속옷을 갈아입고 올 목적으로 상급자인 소외 1 경사에게 보고하여 승낙을 받고 파출소를 나왔으므로 근무지 이탈의 징계사유는 인정할 수 없고, 다음 근무가 있는 데도 음주함으로써 근무자세를 태만히 하고, 음주운전을 하다가 교통사고를 야기하여 음주운전금지 지시에 위반하였으므로 국가공무원법 제78조 제1항 각 호의 징계사유가 있다고 인정할 수 있지만, 한편 원고는 파출소를 나오다 우연히 소외 2를 만나 그의 권유로 소외 2가 경영하는 ○○○ 식당에 들어갔고, 그 곳에서 우연히 고향 선배인 소외 3을 만나 그의 권유로 맥주 1잔과 소주 3잔 정도를 받아 마신 후 소외 3의 집이 원고의 집과 같은 방향이었기 때문에 식사가 끝나고 소외 3과 그의 처자를 태우고 가던 중 신호기에 황색등이 점멸하고 있는 상태에서 교차로에 진입하였는데 왼쪽에서 소외 4 운전의 택시가 과속으로 교차로에 진입하는 바람에 위 사고가 났는바, 위 사고 발생에 있어서 전방주시를 제대로 하지 아니한 채 과속으로 질주한 소외 4의 과실이 보다 크게 경합되어 있고, 사고 이후 원고 혼자 피해자들에게 배상금을 지급하고 합의한 사실, 원고가 5년여 동안 모범적으로 성실하게 근무하여 7회의 포상 경력이 있으며, 이 사건 이전에는 징계를 받은 전력이 없는 사실, 원고가 경찰공무원으로 근무하면서 처자를 부양하고 있어서 원고가 해임되면 그 가족들에게 커다란 어려움이 예상되는 사실 및 원고가 깊이 뉘우치고 있는 사실 등을 인정한 후 그와 같은 제반 사정을 참작하면 원고를 징계 해임한 이 사건 처분은 원고에게 미치는 불이익이 너무 가혹하여 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권의 범위를 일탈하였거나 남용한 위법이 있다고 판단하였다.

그러나 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어서 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가는 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있고, 공무원에 대한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 구체적인 사례에 따라 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 한다(당원 1997. 1. 24. 선고 96누15763 판결, 1996. 7. 12. 선고 96누3302 판결, 1991. 7. 23. 선고 90누8954 판결 등 참조). 그런데 원심이 인정한 바에 의하면, 원고는 시민의 음주운전 행위를 단속하여야 할 경찰관으로서 근무시간 중에 관내 업소에서 음주하고, 음주운전을 하다가 결과가 중한 교통사고를 일으키기까지 하였는바, 원심이 인정한 바와 같은 정상에 관한 참작사유들을 고려하더라도 원고를 징계 해임하는 것이 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적 등에 비추어 볼 때에 그 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당한 것으로서 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 할 수는 없을 것이다. 그러므로 원심의 판단은 징계 처분에 있어서 재량권의 범위에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다 할 것이다. 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유가 있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하여 사건을 다시 심리·판단하도록 하기 위하여 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 최종영(재판장) 이돈희 이임수(주심) 서성

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