Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 95누3565

Revocation of Reconsidered Decision on Remedy for Unfair Labor Practice (부당노동행위구제재심판정취소)부당노동행위구제재심판정취소

Decided1995. 12. 22. Court대법원Employer (Port Transportation Association member companies) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addressed whether member companies of the Port Transportation Association were obligated to engage in collective bargaining (단체교섭) with a local union affiliated with the National Federation of Port Transport Workers' Unions. The Supreme Court held that because no employment relationship of control and subordination (사용종속관계) existed between the member companies and the union members supplied through a labor supply business (근로자공급사업), the companies did not qualify as 'employers' bearing a duty to bargain collectively.

Key takeaways
  • CaseMember companies of the Port Transportation Association refused to engage in collective bargaining with a local union under the National Federation of Port Transport Workers' Unions, prompting the union to file a claim alleging unfair labor practice (부당노동행위).
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that because no control-subordination relationship existed between the member companies and the union members dispatched via the labor supply business, the companies had no duty to bargain collectively.
  • LessonThe duty to engage in collective bargaining arises only for a genuine employer who directly enters into an employment contract, supervises the worker, and pays wages—not for a company merely receiving dispatched labor through a supply arrangement.
Issues
  • The scope of who qualifies as an 'employer' bearing a duty to engage in collective bargaining
  • Whether a control-subordination relationship (사용종속관계) arises in a labor supply arrangement (근로자공급사업)
Key reasoning

Under the Trade Union Act (노동조합법), an 'employer' is defined as a party who has an employment relationship characterized by control and subordination with workers—that is, one who enters into an employment contract, directs and supervises the worker, receives labor services, and pays wages. The Court found that a mere labor supply arrangement (근로자공급사업), in which workers are dispatched to a company without such direct contractual and supervisory ties, does not establish this control-subordination relationship. Consequently, the member companies receiving dispatched union members through this arrangement could not be considered their true employer. Since the duty to bargain collectively under labor law attaches only to a genuine employer, the member companies were under no such obligation toward the union in question.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] The term "employer" under the main text of Article 33(1) and Article 39(3) of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법) refers to a person who is in a relationship of employment and subordination with a worker, that is, a person who has entered into an express or implied employment contract relationship with a worker for the purpose of directing and supervising the worker, receiving labor from the worker, and paying wages in return therefor.

[2] A case holding that, even where an incorporated association, the Port Transportation Association (항만운송협회), has concluded a collective agreement with the National Federation of Port Transportation Workers' Unions (전국항운노동조합연맹), a member company of the said Association does not constitute an employer bearing the duty of collective bargaining with respect to a single labor union affiliated with the said labor union federation.

Full text (English, AI translation) 12,592 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Namhae Chemical Corporation (Attorney Yeo Sang-gyu, counsel for the plaintiff)

[Defendant, Appellant] Chairman of the National Labor Relations Commission

[Intervenor for the Defendant] Jeonnam Nambu Port Transport Workers' Union, Federation of Korean Port Transport Workers' Unions (formerly named Yeosu Port Transport Workers' Union, Federation of Korean Port Transport Workers' Unions) (Attorney Kwak Chang-uk, counsel for the intervenor)

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 94Gu8497 dated January 27, 1995

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. Of the costs of appeal, the portion arising from the intervention shall be borne by the Intervenor for the Defendant, and the remainder shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal raised by the Defendant and the Intervenor for the Defendant are examined together.

1. The main text of Article 33, Paragraph 1 of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법) provides that "the representative of a trade union or a person delegated by the trade union has the authority to negotiate with the employer or employer's association on behalf of the trade union or its members regarding the conclusion of a collective agreement and other matters." Article 39, Item 3 of the same Act designates as one form of unfair labor practice an employer's refusal or neglect, without justifiable reason, to conclude a collective agreement or otherwise engage in collective bargaining with the representative of a trade union or a person delegated by the trade union, thereby defining the employer as the counterpart bargaining party to the trade union. The term "employer" under these provisions refers to a person who has a relationship of employment and subordination with a worker, that is, a person who has entered into an express or implied employment contract relationship with a worker for the purpose of directing and supervising the worker, receiving labor from the worker, and paying wages in return therefor (see this Court's Decision 85Nu856 dated December 23, 1986, among others).

2. According to the facts lawfully found by the court below and the record, the Intervenor for the Defendant, the Jeonnam Nambu Port Transport Workers' Union, Federation of Korean Port Transport Workers' Unions {originally named the Yeosu Port Transport Workers' Union, Federation of Korean Port Transport Workers' Unions, but its name was changed as above (see the Report of Change in Matters Reported for Establishment of Trade Union at page 385 of the record, and the certified copy of the corporate register at page 601 of the record); hereinafter referred to as the "Intervenor Union"}, is a regional single-unit trade union under the Federation of Korean Port Transport Workers' Unions (hereinafter the "Federation") (see the above report of change and the collective agreements at Exhibit 6 of Plaintiff's evidence and Exhibit 4 of Defendant's evidence, respectively). The Intervenor Union is a trade union organized with members consisting of workers engaged in the stevedoring business, transportation business, storage business, and related ancillary or other businesses concerning ports, railways, land, and marine/agricultural products in the Yeosu/Yeocheon (Gwangyang Port Nakpo Wharf) area (see the trade union bylaws at page 386 et seq. of the record). Pursuant to Article 17, Paragraph 1 of the Act on Employment Security and Employment Promotion (직업안정및고용촉진에관한법률) (prior to its full amendment by Act No. 4733, the Employment Security Act (직업안정법), on January 7, 1994), the Intervenor Union obtained a permit for a labor supply business from March 1, 1991 to February 28, 1994 (see Defendant's Exhibit 6; according to the labor supply business permit certificate attached at page 393 of the record, the permit period was subsequently renewed from March 1, 1994 to February 28, 1997). It is found that the Intervenor Union entered into labor supply contracts, under the name of service contracts or otherwise, with entities that obtained a general port stevedoring business license under the Port Transportation Business Act (항만운송사업법) and operated a general port stevedoring business, and dispatched its member workers as laborers to worksites designated by such entities (either the entity's own worksite or another specific worksite for which the entity had entered into a work contract, stevedoring transport contract, etc.) to perform cargo-handling and other work (see Exhibits 9-1 through 9-6, Exhibit 10, and Exhibit 11-3 of Plaintiff's evidence, and the testimony of witnesses Nonparty 1, Nonparty 2, and Nonparty 3 before the court below, among others).

Meanwhile, it is found that the Plaintiff, whose main business is importing raw materials such as phosphate rock, solid sulfur, and potassium chloride, which are raw materials for basic chemical products and fertilizer, manufacturing products such as fertilizer therefrom, supplying part of such products to domestic farming households, and exporting the remainder abroad, obtained around December 1976 a limited stevedoring business license under Article 4, Paragraph 3 of the Port Transportation Business Act (항만운송사업법) in order to perform the unloading of imported raw materials and the loading of manufactured products using port facilities (hereinafter "unloading/loading operations"), as well as the loading and unloading and stacking of manufactured products within the Plaintiff Company's warehouse (hereinafter "in-warehouse operations"), and, in connection with the foregoing operations, the collection of spilled cargo and cleaning of the interior of vessels (hereinafter "ancillary operations"). The above unloading/loading operations were performed using unloaders and loaders installed by the Plaintiff. The above in-warehouse operations were performed, from around 1976, pursuant to a subcontract entered into with Nonparty Korea Express Co., Ltd. (hereinafter "Korea Express"), which held a general stevedoring business license, whereby Korea Express received supply of member workers as laborers from the Intervenor Union and performed the operations; and after around March 9, 1989, when Nonparty Yeocheon Port Transport Workers' Union separated and became independent from the Intervenor Union, Korea Express received supply of member workers as laborers from the Yeocheon Port Transport Workers' Union and performed the operations. The above ancillary operations were likewise performed pursuant to a subcontract entered into with Korea Express around December 1976, whereby Korea Express received supply of member workers as laborers from the Intervenor Union and performed the operations; however, when the Intervenor Union ceased supplying its member workers as laborers to Korea Express around November 1977 and Korea Express notified the Plaintiff that it was unable to perform the said operations, the Plaintiff, from around January 1978, mobilized some workers from Nonparty Daeryuk Enterprise Co., Ltd., a cooperating company of the Plaintiff Company engaged in product packaging, to perform the said operations; and from February 1, 1994, the Plaintiff hired as its own employees the workers of Daeryuk Enterprise who had been performing the said operations, and thereafter performed the ancillary operations through such employees.

Given the above facts, it cannot be said that the Plaintiff has an express or implied employment contract relationship with the members of the Intervenor Union, and there is no material to find that a relationship of employment and subordination exists between the Plaintiff and such members. Accordingly, the Plaintiff does not hold the status of an employer under Article 33, Paragraph 1, and Article 39 of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법) with respect to the members of the Intervenor Union (see this Court's Decision 85Nu856, supra; Decision 92Nu13011 dated November 23, 1993, among others).

Even if, as the Defendant argues, the Plaintiff joined, on March 12, 1984, the Korea Port Transportation Association (hereinafter the "Association"), a corporate body established on July 1, 1978 with members consisting of business operators holding port stevedoring business licenses under the Port Transportation Business Act (항만운송사업법), and became a member thereof; and even if, under the Association's articles of incorporation, one of the Association's projects is stipulated as "collective bargaining between labor and management and conclusion of agreements on wages and welfare"; and even if the Association has, since 1981, entered into collective agreements with the Federation, and Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the 1993 collective agreement (see Plaintiff's Exhibit 6) concluded between the Association and the Federation provides that "the right to employ regular and daily workers shall be held by member companies of the Association, provided that this shall not apply to workers supplied by the Federation," and Paragraph 2 of the same Article provides that "with respect to work falling within the Federation's work jurisdiction, employment opportunities shall not be given to any person other than members of the Federation" — nevertheless, these provisions of the collective agreement cannot be construed as prohibiting member companies of the Association from performing stevedoring operations using their own personnel or labor force, requiring instead that only the aforementioned union members be utilized for the entirety of the stevedoring operations of member companies of the Association. Rather, these provisions mean that, in cases where a member company finds it difficult or impossible to perform stevedoring operations using only its own personnel or labor force and thus needs to utilize external personnel or labor force other than its own to carry out such operations, and accordingly enters into a labor supply contract to receive supply of members belonging to a single-unit trade union under the Federation, the Federation or its affiliated single-unit trade union thereby comes to hold a concrete work jurisdiction, such that the authority to hire, select, and replace the workers supplied to the worksite of the member company belongs not to the member company receiving the supply of workers, but to the Federation or its affiliated single-unit trade union; and further, that with respect to work over which the Federation or its affiliated single-unit trade union has thus come to hold concrete work jurisdiction, the member company shall not utilize workers other than members of the Federation to perform such work so as to obstruct the employment opportunities of such members. These provisions amount to no more than that. Therefore, the Federation or its affiliated single-unit trade union cannot, on the basis of these provisions alone, assert a right to supply its member workers for stevedoring operations to a member company of the Association without entering into such a concrete labor supply contract as described above, nor can it be said that a relationship of employment and subordination is thereby established between the members of the single-unit trade union affiliated with the Federation and the member company of the Association.

Furthermore, it cannot be said, based solely on the other grounds asserted in the argument or the provisions of the collective agreement relied upon in the argument, that a relationship of employment and subordination was established between the Plaintiff and the members of the Intervenor Union.

Accordingly, the Plaintiff does not hold the status of an employer under Article 33, Paragraph 1, and Article 39 of the Trade Union Act (노동조합법) with respect to the members of the Intervenor Union, and it likewise cannot be said that the Plaintiff bears a duty of collective bargaining toward the Intervenor Union on the basis of the aforesaid provisions of the collective agreement. Therefore, even if the Plaintiff refused the Intervenor Union's demand for collective bargaining regarding stevedoring operations, such refusal does not constitute an unfair labor practice. The judgment below, having reached the same conclusion, is correct, and it cannot be said that there is any illegality therein as argued in the grounds of appeal.

3. Accordingly, the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the Defendant and the Intervenor for the Defendant, who lost the appeals. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, upon the unanimous agreement of the participating Justices.

Justice Kim Hyung-seon (Presiding Justice), Park Man-ho (Justice in charge), Park Jun-seo, Lee Yong-hoon

【판결요지】

[1] 노동조합법 제33조 제1항 본문, 제39조 제3호 소정의 사용자라 함은 근로자와의 사이에 사용종속관계가 있는 자, 즉 근로자와의 사이에 그를 지휘·감독하면서 그로부터 근로를 제공받고 그 대가로서 임금을 지급하는 것을 목적으로 하는 명시적이거나 묵시적인 근로계약관계를 맺고 있는 자를 말한다.

[2] 사단법인 항만운송협회가 전국항운노동조합연맹과 사이에 단체협약을 체결하여 온 경우에도 위 협회의 회원사가 위 노동조합연맹 산하 단위노동조합에 대하여 단체교섭의무를 부담하는 사용자에 해당하지 않는다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합법 제33조 제1항, 제5항, 제39조 제3호

[2] 노동조합법 제33조 제1항, 제5항, 제39조 제3호

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1986. 12. 23. 선고 85누856 판결, 대법원 1993. 11. 23. 선고 92누13011 판결 /[2] 대법원 1987. 2. 10. 선고 86다카1949 판결(공1987, 424), 대법원 1995. 1. 4. 선고 94누9290 판결(공1995상, 1167)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,594자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,피상고인】 남해화학 주식회사 (소송대리인 변호사 여상규)

【피고,상고인】 중앙노동위원회위원장

【피고보조참가인】 전국항운노동조합연맹 전남남부항운노동조합(변경전 명칭 전국항운노동조합연맹 여수항운노동조합) (소송대리인 변호사 곽창욱)

【원심판결】 서울고법 1995. 1. 27. 선고 94구8497 판결

【주문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용 중 보조참가로 인한 부분은 피고 보조참가인의, 나머지는 피고의 각 부담으로 한다.

【이유】 피고와 피고 보조참가인의 상고이유를 함께 판단한다.

1. 노동조합법 제33조 제1항 본문은 0b노동조합의 대표자 또는 노동조합으로부터 위임을 받은 자는 그 노동조합 또는 조합원을 위하여 사용자나 사용자단체와 단체협약의 체결 기타의 사항에 관하여 교섭할 권한이 있다.0c고 규정하고 있고, 같은 법 제39조 제3호는 사용자가 노동조합의 대표자 또는 노동조합으로부터 위임을 받은 자와의 단체협약체결 기타의 단체교섭을 정당한 이유 없이 거부하거나 해태하는 행위를 부당노동행위의 하나로 규정함으로써 사용자를 노동조합에 대응하는 교섭당사자로 규정하고 있는바 위 법 규정 소정의 사용자라 함은 근로자와의 사이에 사용종속관계가 있는 자, 즉 근로자와의 사이에 그를 지휘·감독하면서 그로부터 근로를 제공받고 그 대가로서 임금을 지급하는 것을 목적으로 하는 명시적이거나 묵시적인 근로계약관계를 맺고 있는 자를 말한다 할 것이다 ( 당원 1986. 12. 23. 선고 85누856 판결 등 참조).

2. 원심이 적법히 인정한 사실과 기록에 의하면, 피고 보조참가인인 전국항운노동조합연맹 전남남부항운노동조합{원래는 전국항운노동조합연맹 여수항운노동조합이었으나 위와 같이 그 명칭이 변경되었다(기록 385면의 노동조합설립신고사항변경신고증, 기록 601면의 등기부등본 각 참조). 이하 참가인 조합이라고 한다}은 소외 전국항운노동조합연맹(이하 소외 연맹이라 한다) 산하 지역단위노동조합으로서(위 변경신고증 및 갑 제6호증, 을 제4호증의 각 단체협약서 기재 참조), 여수·여천(광양항낙포부두)지역의 항만·철도·육상·농수산물의 하역업(荷役業), 운수업, 보관업 및 이와 관련된 부대업 또는 기타 사업에 종사하는 근로자를 조합원으로 하여 구성된 노동조합인데{노동조합규약(기록 386면 이하) 참조} 직업안정및고용촉진에관한법률(1994. 1. 7. 법률 제4733호 직업안정법으로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제17조 제1항에 의하여 1991. 3. 1.부터 1994. 2. 28.까지 근로자공급사업허가를 받아(을 제6호증 참조; 기록 393면에 첨부된 근로자공급사업허가증에 의하면 위 허가기간은 다시 1994. 3. 1.부터 1997. 2. 28.까지로 갱신되었다) 일반항만하역사업면허를 취득하여 일반항만하역업을 영위하는 사업체 등과 용역계약 등의 명칭으로 노무공급계약을 체결하고 그 사업체가 지정하는 사업장(그 사업체의 당해 사업장이나 그 사업체가 다시 작업계약·하역운송계약 등을 체결한 다른 특정 사업장)에 소속 조합원들을 노무원으로 파견하여 운송물의 하역작업(荷役作業) 등을 하도록 한 사실(갑 제9호증의 1 내지 6, 갑 제10호증, 갑 제11호증의 3의 각 기재 및 원심증인 소외 1, 소외 2, 소외 3의 각 증언 등 참조), 한편 기초화학제품 및 비료의 원료가 되는 인광석, 고체유황, 염화카리 등을 수입하여 비료 등의 제품을 생산한 다음 이를 일부 국내 농가에 공급하고 나머지를 외국에 수출하는 것을 주된 업무로 하고 있는 원고는 항만시설을 이용하여 수입하는 원료를 하역(荷役)하고 생산된 제품을 선적(船積)하며(이하 하역 선적작업이라 한다), 아울러 생산된 제품을 원고 회사의 창고 내에서 상하차하거나 적치하고(이하 창고 내 작업이라 한다) 위와 같은 작업과 관련하여 낙하산물 등을 수거하고 선박내부를 청소하는 작업(이하 부수작업이라 한다) 등을 수행하기 위하여 1976. 12.경 항만운송사업법 제4조 제3항에 따른 한정하역업면허를 취득하였는데 위 하역선적작업은 하역기(UNLOADER)와 선적기(LOADER)를 설치하여 수행하고, 위 창고 내 작업은 1976년경 일반하역업면허를 갖고 있는 소외 대한통운 주식회사(이하 대한통운이라 한다)와 도급계약을 체결하여 대한통운이 참가인 조합으로부터 그 소속 조합원들을 노무원으로 공급받아 이를 수행하다가 1989. 3. 9.경 소외 여천항운노동조합이 참가인 조합으로부터 분리 독립한 이후부터는 대한통운이 여천항운노동조합으로부터 그 소속 조합원들을 노무원으로 공급받아 이를 수행하여 왔으며, 위 부수작업도 1976. 12.경 대한통운과 도급계약을 체결하여 대한통운이 참가인 조합으로부터 그 소속 조합원들을 노무원으로 공급받아 이를 수행하여 오다가 1977. 11.경 참가인 조합이 대한통운에 대하여 소속 조합원들을 노무원으로 공급하는 것을 중단하게 되어 대한통운이 위 작업의 수행이 불가능함을 통보하자 원고는 1978. 1.경부터 원고 회사의 제품포장 협력업체인 소외 대륙기업 주식회사 소속 근로자 일부를 차출하여 위 작업을 수행하여 오다가 1994. 2. 1.부터는 위 작업을 수행하던 위 대륙기업소속 근로자를 원고 회사의 직원으로 채용하여 위 부수작업을 수행하였던 사실이 인정된다.

사실관계가 위와 같다면 원고는 참가인 조합 소속 조합원들과의 사이에 명시적이거나 묵시적인 근로계약관계를 맺고 있다고 할 수 없고 달리 원고와 위 조합원들 사이에 사용종속관계가 존재한다고 볼 아무런 자료가 없는 터이므로 원고는 참가인 조합 소속 조합원들에 대하여 노동조합법 제33조 제1항, 제39조 소정의 사용자의 지위에 있지 않다 할 것이다(위 당원 85누856 판결, 1993. 11. 23. 선고 92누13011 판결 등 참조).

비록 피고측 주장과 같이 원고가 항만운송사업법에 의한 항만하역업면허를 받은 사업자를 회원으로 하여 1978. 7. 1. 설립된 단체인 소외 사단법인 한국항만운송협회(이하 소외 협회라고 한다)에 1984. 3. 12. 가입하여 그 회원이 되었고, 소외 협회의 정관에 의하면 협회의 사업의 하나로 "노사간의 단체교섭과 임금 및 후생에 관한 협약의 체결"을 규정하고 있으며, 소외 협회가 1981년부터 소외 연맹과 단체협약을 체결하여 왔고 소외 협회와 소외 연맹 사이에 체결된 1993년도 단체협약(갑 제6호증 참조) 제4조 제1항에서 "상용 및 일용노동자의 고용권은 소외 협회의 회원사가 보유한다. 다만 소외 연맹이 공급하는 근로자에 대하여는 그러하지 아니하다."고 규정하고, 같은 조 제2항에서 "소외 연맹의 작업권에 속하는 업무에 있어서는 소외 연맹의 조합원 외에는 취업기회를 주지 아니한다."고 규정하고 있다 하더라도 위 단체협약의 규정이 소외 협회 소속 회원사의 하역작업(荷役作業) 전반에 관한 노동력은 위 조합원만을 활용하여야 하고 회원사가 그 자체 인력 내지 노동력을 통하여 하역사업을 수행하는 것을 금지하는 취지의 것으로 볼 수 없고, 오히려 회원사가 그 자체 인력 내지 노동력만으로 하역사업의 수행이 어렵거나 곤란한 사정이 있어 그 사업수행을 위하여 자체 인력이 아닌 외부 인력 내지 노동력을 활용할 필요가 있을 경우 소외 연맹 산하 단위노동조합에 소속된 조합원을 공급받기로 하는 내용의 노무공급계약을 체결함으로써 소외 연맹이나 산하 단위노동조합이 구체적으로 작업권을 갖게 되어 이에 따라 회원사의 사업장에 공급하는 근로자의 채용, 선정, 교체 등의 권한을 근로자를 공급받는 회원사가 아닌 소외 연맹이나 산하 단위노동조합이 갖는다는 취지의 것이고, 아울러 이와 같이 소외 연맹이나 산하 단위노동조합이 구체적인 작업권을 갖게된 업무에 있어서는 회원사는 소외 연맹의 조합원 외에 다른 근로자를 활용하여 그 작업을 수행함으로써 위 조합원들의 취업기회를 방해하여서는 아니된다는 취지의 규정에 불과하다 할 것이므로 소외 연맹이나 산하 단위노동조합이 위 규정을 근거로 위와 같은 구체적인 노무공급계약을 체결함이 없이 소외 협회의 회원사에 대하여 그 소속 조합원을 하역작업에 공급할 수 있는 권리를 주장할 수 있다거나 소외 연맹 산하 단위노동조합의 조합원과 소외 협회의 회원사와의 사이에 사용종속적인 근로계약관계가 성립된다고 할 수는 없다.

그 밖에 소론 주장의 사유나 소론이 내세우는 단체협약의 규정들만으로 원고와 참가인 조합의 조합원들과의 사이에 사용종속적인 근로계약관계가 성립되었다고 할 수 없다.

그렇다면, 원고는 참가인 조합 소속 조합원들에 대하여 노동조합법 제33조 제1항, 제39조 소정의 사용자의 지위에 있지 않다 할 것이고, 또한 위 단체협약의 규정들에 근거하여 원고가 참가인 조합에 대하여 단체교섭의무를 부담한다고 할 수도 없으므로 참가인 조합이 원고에게 하역작업과 관련하여 단체교섭을 요구함에 대하여 원고가 이를 거부하였다 하더라도 이는 부당노동행위에 해당하지 아니한다 할 것이므로 같은 취지의 원심판단은 옳고 거기에 논지가 주장하는 바와 같은 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소한 피고 및 그 보조참가인의 부담으로 하기로 관여 법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김형선(재판장) 박만호(주심) 박준서 이용훈

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